Social Science

ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
SEÑIOR HIGH SCHOOL
DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES (DIASS)
DYNAMIC LEARNING PROGRAM
Lesson 2: Discipline of Counseling
 What is Counseling?
The process of guiding a person during a stage of life when reassessments or decisions
have to be made about himself or herself and his or her life course.
Their job is to give advice or guidance in decision-making in emotionally significant
situations by helping clients to explore and understand their world and discover better ways and
well-informed choices in resolving an emotional or interpersonal problems.
Counselors exist in a wide range of areas of expertise; marriage, family, youth, student
and other life transitions dealing with managing of issues of loss and death, retirement, divorce,
parenting and bankruptcy.
Counseling is widely considered the heart of the guidance services in schools. It usually
done as individual or group intervention designed to facilitate positive change in student
behavior, feelings and attitudes.
Counseling also utilizes appraisal and assessment to aid counseling by gathering
information about clients through the use of psychological tests and non-psychometric devices.
 Psychometrics is a branch of psychology that deals with the design,
administration, and interpretation of quantitative tests for the measurement of
psychological variables such as intelligence, aptitude, interests and personality
traits.
 Psychiatry is a branch of general medicine that deals with the treatment of the
mentally ill, by medically-trained professionals using clinical interventions
including drugs, surgical procedures and non-physical approaches.
 Goals of Counseling
 Enhancing coping skills
 Improving relationship
 Facilitating client potential
 Promoting decision-making
 Promoting positive behavior
 Scopes of Counseling
 INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING
 Adolescent identity
 Anxiety
 Anger and Stress Management
 Depression
 Gender: identity, sexuality and homosexuality.
 Relationships: personal and interpersonal dynamic
 Sexual abuse recovery
 Senior: challenges, limitations, transitions.
 Singles: single, newly single, single through divorced or being widowed.
 Grief and bereavement.
 MARITAL AND PREMARITAL COUNSELING

 Marital and relational dynamics
 Extended family relationship
 Fertility Issue
 FAMILY COUNSELING
 Adolescent and child behaviors dynamics
 Adult children
 Divorce and separation issued and adjustment
 Family dynamics: estrangement, conflict, communication
 Family of origin / extended family issues
 Life stages and transitions
 Parenting patterns: blended, single, co-parenting families
 Remarriage relationship counseling
 CONTEXT AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF COUNSELING

 Nature VS Nurture – Nature (inherent behaviors); Nurture (behaviors from the
environment)
 Microsystem
1. PEERS AS CONTEXT
 Friends’ attitudes, norms and behaviors have a strong influence on
adolescents.
 Parents can much have influence over the adolescent children.
 Critical family issues involve family roles, both positively and negatively.
2. NEIGHBORHOOD AS CONTEXT
 The behavioral problems in this particular neighborhood require that
families work against crime and social isolation that may affect them.
3. CULTURE AS CONTEXT
 Culture provided meaning and coherence of life to any orderly life such as
community or organization.
 Understanding the cultural context of a client makes it easier for a
counselor to appreciate the nature of their struggles.
4. COUNSELING AS CONTEXT
 Regardless of therapeutic approach in use, the counseling situation in itself
is a context.
 There is a deliberate specific focus, a set of procedures, rules, expectations,
experiences, and a way of monitoring progress and determining results in
any therapeutic approach.
These factors should be managed well toward the success of engagement:
 Client Factors – He / She is not a passive object receiving treatment in

manner of a traditional doctor – patient situation.
 Counselor Factors – The personality, skills, and personal qualities of a
counselor can significantly impact the outcomes of the counseling
relationship.
 Contextual Factors – The context in which counseling takes place can
define the outcome.
 PROCESS FACTORS – The process constitute the actual counseling
undertaking.
a. Developing trust
b. Exploring problem areas
c. Helping to set goals
d. Empowering into action
e. Helping to maintain change
f. Agreeing when to end the helping relationship.
 PRINCIPLES AND CORE VALUES OF COUNSELING

 CORE VALUES OF COUNSELING
 RESPECT FOR HUMAN DIGNITY
 Unconditional positive regard
 Compassion
 No-judgmental attitude
 Empathy
 Trust
 PARTNERSHIP
 Sensitivity
 Integrity
 Openness
 AUTONOMY
 Respect for confidentiality and trust
 Ensuring a safe environment
 RESPONSIBLE CARING
 Respecting the potential of every human being to change and to
continue learning.
 PERSONAL INTEGRITY
 Reflection of honesty and truthfulness
 SOCIAL JUSTICE
 Accepting and respecting the diversity of the clients.
 PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING
 Advice
 Reassurance
 Release of emotional tension
 Clarified thinking
 Reorientation
 Listening skills
 Respect
 Empathy and positive regard
 Clarification, confrontation, and interpretation
 Transference and countertransference
Activity #1: “CONCEPT MAP”
Direction: Make a concept map showing who you are in times of troubles and uncertainties.
Explain your answer in the box below.
YOU
Explanation:
Activity #2 “CHART”
Direction: Using the chart, give 5 situations of any concerns or issues that a client/counselee
may have in each scope of counseling.
SCOPES SITUATIONS
Individual Counseling 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Marital and Premarital Counseling 1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
Family Counseling 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Activity 3: “REFLECTION”
Direction: Give an advice in the situation below. (Maximum of 10 sentences)
1. If you have a friend who’s thinking of dropping or cutting classes from your class, how
will you help him/her?

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ARELLANO UNIVERSITY

SEÑIOR HIGH SCHOOL

DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES (DIASS)

DYNAMIC LEARNING PROGRAM

Lesson 2: Discipline of Counseling

 MARITAL AND PREMARITAL COUNSELING

 CONTEXT AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF COUNSELING

These factors should be managed well toward the success of engagement:

 Client Factors – He / She is not a passive object receiving treatment in

 PRINCIPLES AND CORE VALUES OF COUNSELING

Activity #1: “CONCEPT MAP”

Marital and Premarital Counseling 1.

Direction: Give an advice in the situation below. (Maximum of 10 sentences)

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