Q.1. A ship having drafts F 7.40m, A 8.

00m, LBP 160m, TPC 26 MCTC 158 tm, and LCF 85m,
carried out the following operations:-
- 200t of cargo is discharged from LCG 110m
- 400t of cargo is loaded at LCG 70m.
Find the final drafts fwd and aft.
Solution:
Wt(t) dist from COF (m) TM
‘d’ By head By stern
200 25m F ------ 5000
400 15m A ----- 6000
Final TM 11000

Tc = F.TM / (MCTC x 100) = 11000 / (158 x 100) = 0.696m

Ta =LCF / LBP x Tc = 85 / 160 x 0.696 = 0.370m

Tf = 0.696 – 0.370 = 0.326m

MS = w /TPC = 200 / 26 = 7.7cm = 0.077m

F A
Initial drafts 7.400m 8.000m
MS +0.077m +0.077m
Tf & Ta -0.326m +0.370m
Final drafts 7.151m 8.447m

Past MMD questions (General stability Trim)

Required Tc given
1. A ship of LBP 220m, MCTC 310tm, TPC 40 and COF 5.0m fwd of midships, is floating in
SW at drafts F8.0m, A 7.5m. Calculate the amount of cargo to be loaded in No.1 hold (Cg
80m fwd of midships) and No.5 hold (Cg 85m aft of midships) so that the final hydrostatic
draft is 8.5m, and it is trimmed 1.0m by stern.
Ans: Rqd Tc=1.5m by stern, Rqd TMc = 46500tm by stern, M.S=73.9m, w=2956t
No.1= 1330.5t, No.5=1625.5t

Initial Trim 0.5m by head

Final Trim 1.0m by stern
Reqd Tc 1.5m by stern

Reqd TMc = Reqd Tc x MCTC x 100 = 1.5 x 310 x 100 = 46500tm by stern

Initial Ta = I.LCF / LBP x I.Trim = 115 / 220 x 0.5 = 0.261m

Initial Hydro draft = I.Aft draft + I.Ta = 7.5 + 0.261 = 7.761m

M.Sinkage = Initila Hy. Draft ~ Final Hy draft = 7.761 ~ 8.5 = 0.739m = 73.9cm

Total Cargo to be loaded (w) = MS x TPC = 73.9 x 40 = 2956t

TMc by stern – TMc by head = Reqd TMc by stern

Capt.M.R.Martins Page 1
 (w1x d1) – ( w2 x d2) = Reqd TMc by stern
(X x 90) – [ (2956-X) x 75 ] = 46500
X (No.5 hold) = 1625.5t
No.1 hold = 2956 – 1625.5 = 1330.5t

Keep one Aft draft constant – Ldg

2. A ship of LBP 210m, MCTC 300tm, TPC 40 and COF 4.0m fwd of midships, is floating in
SW at drafts F 7.0m, A 8.0m. Calculate where 200t of cargo is to be loaded so that the aft
draft remains constant..
Ans:

Reqd Tc by head
Mean sinkage = Ta
w/TPC = LCF/LBP x Tc
w/TPC = LCF/LBP x wd/MCTC
200/40 = 109/210 x 200d / 300
d = 200 x 210 x 300 / (40 x 109 x 200)
= 14.45m fwd

Reduction in Aft draft - discharging

3. A ship arrives port drawing 8m F & 9m A, LBP 158m, MCTC 190tm, TPC 20 and HF 2m aft.
The maximum draft allowed, to cross a bar, is 8.6m. There is no scope for transfer of any
weights aboard. Hence it is decided to off load some cargo at anchorage. Find the minimum
quantity of cargo to off load from no.4 TD, HG 40m aft. Also state the final draft fwd.

Ans: w= 272.1t, Tc= 0.544m, Tf=0.279m, M.R=0.136m, F draft=8.143m

Assuming MR < Red in aft draft

Therefore, Red in aft Draft = MR + Ta

Red in aft Draft (cm) = (w/TPC) + [ (LCF/LBP) x (wd/MCTC) ]
40 = (w/20) + [ (77/158) x (38w/190) ]
w = 272.1t

Tc = wd / (MCTC x100) = (272.1 x 38) / (190 x 100) = 0.544m

Tf = fwd length / LBP x Tc = 81 / 158 x 0.544 = 0.279m

MR = w / TPC = 272.1 / 20 = 0.136m

Fwd draft = Initial fwd draft – MR + Tf = 8.0 – 0.136 + 0.279 = 8.143m

Reduction in Aft draft - loading

4. A vessel of length 200m, CF = amidships, MCTC 215TM, TPC 20, is at a draft of fwd
6.90m, aft 8.13m loads 230t, 18m fwd of midship. Calculate where with respect to midship
should the remaining cargo of 470t be loaded, so that the final aft draft will be 8.10m, also
calculate fwd draft then?
Ans: LCF 100m, w=230 + 470 = 700t, Reduction in aft draft = 3cm, ReqdTMc=
16340tm by head, TMc due loading 230t = 4140tm by head, Bal reqd TMc due to 470t =
12200tm by hd, d=25.96m fwd of midship, fwd draft = 7.63m

M.S= 700 / 20 = 35cm = 0.35m

Capt.M.R.Martins Page 2
 Red in aft draft = Ta - M.S
3 = [(LCF/LBP) x (TM/MCTC)] – w/TPC

Reqd TMc = 16340tm by head

Reqd TMc = 16340tm by head

TMc by loading 230t = wd = 230 x 18 = 4140tm by head
Bal reqd TMc = 12200tm by head

Bal reqd TMc = wd

12200 = 470 x d
d = 25.96m fwd of midship

Tc = TM / MCTC = 16340 / 215 = 76cm = 0.76m

Tf= fwd length / LBP x Tc = 1/2 x 0.76 = 0.38m

F
Initial draft 6.900m
M.S +0.350m
Tf +0.380m
Final draft 7.630m

Reduction in aft draft (more than one cargo operation)

5. A ship having drafts F 9.40m, A 9.00m, LBP 165m, TPC 26.5, MCTC 162 tm, and LCF
85m, carried out the following operations:-
- 700t of cargo is discharged from LCG 110m
- 1800t of cargo is loaded at LCG 70m
How much water should be transferred between the peak tanks through a distance of
155m, and in what direction, so that the final fwd draft is 9.0m? Also calculate final draft at
Aft.
Ans: M.S=0.415m, ReqdTf=81.5cm=0.815m, RqdTMc=27231.2tm by stern,
Qty of water 111.4t from aft to fwd, Aft draft 10.281m

M.S= (1800-700)/26.5= 41.5cm= 0.415m

Tf = M.S + Red in fwd draft

Tf = 41.5 + 40
Fwd length/LBP x TM/MCTC = 81.5
80/165 x TM/162 = 81.5
Red TMc = 27231.2tm by stern

TMc by discharging 700t = wd = 700 x (110-85) =17500tm by stern

TMc by loading 1800t = wd = 1800 x (85-70) = 27000tm by stern
TMc = 44500tm by stern

TMc by stern – TMc by head = ReqdTMc by stern

44500 – (w x 155) = 27231.2
w = (44500 – 27231.2) / 155
= 111.4t

111.4t of water should be transferred from aft to fwdbetween the peak tanks through a
distance of 155m.

Capt.M.R.Martins Page 3
 Tc = TM / MCTC = 27231.2 / 162 = 168.1cm = 1.681m
Ta= LCF/LBP x Tc = 85/165 x 1.681 = 0.866m

A
Initial draft 9.000m
M.S 0.415m
Ta 0.866m
Final draft 10.281m

Reduction in Aft draft – discharging & loading

6. A ship leaves port with drafts F 7.60m A 7.9m. 400t of bunkers are consumed from a space
whose cog is 15m fwd of COF, which is amidships. TPC 20t, MCTC 300tm. Find the
minimum amount of water ballast which which must be run into the FPK tk (cog 60m fwd of
COF) so as to bring the aft draft to the maximum of 7.7m. What will be the final draft fwd?
Ans. LCF/LBP = 1/2, MR=20cm, Tc=0.2m by stern, Ta=0.1m, Tf=0.1m, New drafts F 7.30m
A 7.80m, RIAD=0.1m, w=200t, Tc=0.4m by head, Tf=0.2m, Final draft F=7.60m

Reduction in Aft draft –discharging (a) &Reduction in Aft draft– loading (b)
7. A vessel of length 140m LCF 68m, MCTC 150tm, TPC 20 is at a draft of F 6.82m, A 7.67m
aft. Calculate
a) Amount of ballast to be pumped out from APT 62m aft of midship to reduce the aft draft
to 7.47m. Also find the fwd draft then.
b) If the aft draft of 7.47m is to be achieved by running up the EPT 65m fwd of midship
calculate the amount of ballast to be run up and the fwd draft then.

Increase in Aft draft - loading

8. A vessel of length 210m, MCTC 255tm, requires 1230t to complete loading and is presently
at a draft F 5.60m, A 6.30m,. She loads 615t, 3m fwd of amidships and the drafts then are F
5.75m, A 6.45m. The remaining 615t of cargo is to be loaded in No.2 (40m F of midships)
and No.4 (38m abaft of midships). Calculate the amount of cargo to be loaded in each
space so that the after draft will be 6.50m.
Ans: M.S = 15cm, TPC=40, AF=103m, Rqd TMc= 4854.4tm by head,
No.2 = 360.7t, No.4 = 239.3t

Increase in Aft draft - loading

9. A ship of length 200m, MCTC 250tm, at a draft F 5.70m, A 6.40m, requires 1200t to
complete loading. She loads 600t, 3m fwd of amidships and the drafts are F 5.85m, A
6.55m. The remaining 600t of cargo is to be loaded in No.2 (43m F of midships) and No.4
(37m abaft of midships). Calculate the amount of cargo to be loaded in each space so that
the after draft will be 6.60m.
Ans: M.S=15cm, TPC=40, AF=103m, RqdTMc=4854.4tm by head,
No.2=360.7t, No.4=239.3t

Capt.M.R.Martins Page 4
 10. A box shaped vessel 125 m x 80 m is in SW at an even keel draft of 3m, KG = 4.5 m.
Calculate the draft Fore and Aft if a cargo of 1500 tonnes is loaded on a vessel. (Lcg and
Kg of cargo 61m and 4.8 m respectively)
Solution:
TPC = A/100 x 1.025 = (125x80) / 100 x 1.025 =102.5
M.S = w /TPC = 1500 / 102.5 = 14.6cm = 0.146m

New Mean draft = I.draft + M.S = 3 +0.146 = 3.146m

F.KB = New mean draft / 2 = 3.146 / 2 = 1.573m

F.BML = L² / 12 new mean draft = 125² / 12x 3.146 = 413.9m

F.KML = F.KB + F.BML = 413.9 + 1.573 = 415.5m

I.W = L x B x d x dsw = 125 x 80 x 3 x 1.025 = 30750t

F.W = I.W + w = 30750 + 1500 = 32250t

GG1 = wd/F.W = 1500 x 0.3 / 32250 = 0.014m

F.KG = I.KG + GG1 = 4.5 + 0.014 = 4.514m

F.GML = F.KML – F.KG = 415.5 – 4.514 = 410.9m

F.MCTC = F.W x F.GML /(100L) = 32250 x 410.9 / (100x 125) = 1060.2tm

Tc = wd / F.MCTC x 100 = 1500 x 1.5 / 1060.2 x 100 = 0.021

Ta = LCF/LBP x Tc = ½ x 0.021 = 0.011

Tf = Tc - ta = 0.021 - 0.011 = 0.010m

F A
Initial draft 3.000m 3.000m
M.S +0.146m +0.146m
Ta & Tf -0.010m +0.011m
Final drafts 3.136m 3.157m

Change in draft due to change in density

(LCF >LCB&vessel goes from higher density to lower density)
11. A vessel of length 160m, displacement 34320t is floating in water of RD 1.025 with the
drafts of F 9.20m, A 11.0m. She proceeds to water of RD 1.005. Calculate her new drafts F
& A. (Her hydrostatic particulars in salt water are: LCF 82m, LCB 78m, MCTC 220tm & TPC
30).
Ans: v=666.4m3, Final V=34149.3m3, BB1=-0.078m, MCTCdw=215.7,
(as LCF >LCB& d1> d2) Tc=0.124m by stern, DWA(M.S)=0.228m,
Ta=0.064m, Tf=0.060m, F=9.368m, A=11.292m

Capt.M.R.Martins Page 5
 Change in draft due to change in density
(LCF <LCB& vessel goes from lower density to higher density)
12. A ship of displacement 9100t, LBP 120m, floats at an even keel draft of 7m in water of
density 1 t/m3. The data obtained from her hydrostatic particulars are as follows: MCTCsw
130tm, TPCsw 17.3t, LCB 2m fwd of midships and LCF 1m aft of amidships. Calculate the
new drafts F & A, when the vessel moves to water of density 1.02 t/m3 without any change
in the displacement of 9100t.
Ans: v=178.4m3, Final V=8921.6m3, BB1= 0.060m, MCTCdw=129.4,
(as LCF <LCB & d1 < d2) Tc=0.042m by stern, DWA(M.R)=0.106m,
Ta=0.021m, Tf=0.021m, F=6.873m, A=6.915m

Required Tc given (GML given, Find MCTC)

13. A vessel of 9600t displacement, L 105n, GML 180m, drafts F 6.9m, A 6.7m. The COF is 3m
abaft midlength. How much cargo should be discharged from a position 24m fwd of
amidships so that the vessel would be trimmed 10cm by the stern?
Ans: MCTC=164.57tm, Rqd Tc=0.300m by stern, w=182.8t

Required Tc given (Find GML, MCTC)

14. A vessel of displacement 11800t, L 114m, GML 184m, is trimmed 14cm by head. After
loading 320t 36m fwd of the midlength, 515t 34m abaft midlength and discharging 150t from
midlength it is noted that she is settled to a stern trim of 16cm. Calculate the position of
COF. (Assume MCTC constant over the range of drafts)
Ans: MCTC=190.46, Tc=0.300m by stern, RqdTMc=5713.7tm by stern,
x=0.403m abaft midlength

Required Tc given
15. On a vessel of L 140m, MCTC 192, while at drafts F 7.20m, A 8.70m, a weight of 125t was
loaded in position 65m from AP. The resulting drafts were F 7.25m, A 8.75m. Where should
another 100t be loaded so that the aft draft is never more than 8.75m and the vessel
maintains maximum stern trim.
Ans: M.S=5cm, TPC=25, AF=65m, M.S=Ta, d=16.54m fwd of COF

16. A vessel of length 200m floats in water of RD 1.002 with draughts of fwd 7.50m Aft 8.20m.
She goes to water of RD 1.020 without change in distribution of weights on board. Find her
new draughts Fwd & Aft in water of RD 1.020. Her hydrostatic particulars in salt water are
as follows : MCTC = 140tm, TPC = 25, LCF = 95m, LCB = 105m, Displacement = 40000t.

Initial V = W / ᶁ1 = 40000/1.002 = 39920.2m3

Final V = W/ᶁ2 = 40000/1.020 = 39215.7m3
v = Initial V ~ Final V = 39920.2 ~ 39215.7 = 704.5m3

BB1 = { v x (LCB ~ LCF) } / Final V = 704.5 x 10 / 39215.7 = 0.180m

MCTC dw = 139.3tm

Change in trim (Tc) = (BB1 x W / MCTC) = 0.180 x 40000 / 139.3 = 51.7cm = 0.517m
Ta = LCF / LBP x Tc = 95 / 200 x 0.517 = 0.246m
Tf = Tc – Ta = 0.517 – 0.246 = 0.271m

Capt.M.R.Martins Page 6
 A = TPC x 100 / 1.025 = 25 x 100 / 1.025 = 2439m2
M.R = v / A = 704.5 / 2439 = 0.289m

F A
Initial draft 7.500m 8.200m
M.R -0.289m -0.289m
Ta & Tf -0.271m +0.246m
Final drafts 6.940m 8.157m

Capt.M.R.Martins Page 7