Golden Notes Chemistry XI

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Exercise MCQS
(i) Pressure remaining constant, at which (c) 0oC and 2 atm (d) 273oC and 2 atm
temperature the volume of a gas will become twice (vii) The order of the rate of diffusion of gases NH3,
of what it is at 0oC: SO2, Cl2 and CO2 is:
(a) 546oC (b) 200oC (a) NH3 > SO2 > Cl2 > CO2
(c) 546 K (d) 273 K (b) NH3 > CO2 > SO2 > Cl2
(ii) Number of molecules in one dm3 of water is close
(c) Cl2 > SO2 > CO2 > NH3
to:
6.02 12.04 (d) NH3 > CO2 > Cl2 > SO2
(a) 22.4 1023 (b) 22.4 1023 (viii) Equal masses of methane and oxygen are mixed
18 in an empty container at 25oC. The fraction of
(c) 22.4 1023 (d) 55.6 × 6.02 × 1023 total pressure exerted by oxygen is:
(iii) Which of the following will have the same (a) 1/3 (b) 8/9
number of molecules at STP? (c) 1/6 (d) 1/9
(a) 280 cm3 of CO2 and 280 cm3 of N2O (ix) Gases deviate from ideal behaviour at high
pressure. Which of the following is correct for
(b) 11.2 dm3 of O2 and 32 g of O2
(c) 44 g of CO2 and 11.2 dm3 of CO non-ideality?
(d) 28 g of N2 and 5.6 dm3 of oxygen (a) At high pressure, the gas molecules move in one
(iv) If absolute temperature of a gas is doubled and direction only.
(b) At high pressure, the collisions between the
the pressure is reduced to one half, the volume of
the gas will: gas molecules are increased manifold.
(a) Remain unchanged (b) Increase four times (c) At high pressure, the volume of the gas becomes
(c) Reduce to 1/4 (d) be doubled insignificant.
(v) How should the conditions be changed to (d) At high pressure, the intermolecular attractions
prevent the volume of a given gas from become significant.
expanding when its mass is increased? (x) The deviation of a gas from ideal behaviour is
maximum at:
(a) Temperature is lowered and pressure is
increased. (a) −10oC and 5.0 atm (b) −10oC and 2.0 atm
(b) Temperature is increased and pressure is (c) 100oC and 2.0 atm (d) 0oC and 2.0 atm
lowered. (xi) A real gas obeying van der Waals equation will
(c) Temperature and pressure both are lowered. resemble the ideal gas if:
(d) Temperature and pressure both are increased. (a) Both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are large
(vi) The molar volume of CO2 is maximum at: (b) Both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are small
(a) STP (b) 127oC and 1 atm (c) ‘a’ is small and ‘b’ is large
(d) ‘a’ is large and ‘b’ is small
Previous Boards and Additional MCQS
1. Kinetic energy of molecules of gas is zero at: 6. Mathematically Boyle’s law is shown as:
(a) 0oC (b) 0K (a) PT = k (b) VT = k
(c) –100 C
o
(d) 100oC (c) P/T = k (d) PV = k
2. Partial pressure of oxygen in air is: 7. The constant factor in Charles’s law is:
(a) 110 torr (b) 112 torr (a) volume (b) temperature
(c) 114 torr (d) 159 torr (c) pressure (d) all of these
3. Plasmas are found in everything from sun to: 8. Absolute zero is equal to:
(a) atoms (b) molecules (a) 273oC (b) –273oC
o
(c) electrons (d) quarks (c) 0 C (d) 273 K
4. Partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs is: 9. The exothermic process is:
(a) 159 torr (b) 136 torr (a) evaporation (b) sublimation
(c) 116 torr (d) 110 torr (c) respiration (d) boiling
5. Plasma is conductor of electricity:
(a) bad (b) poor
(c) good (d) none
Golden Notes Chemistry XI

10. Feeling uncomfortable breathing in un- 19. Number of molecules in 4g of CH4 at 0oC and 1atm:
pressurized cabins is due to: (a) 6.022 x 1023 (b) 3.0 x 1023
23
(a) High Pressure of CO2 (c) 1.5 x 10 (d) None of these
(b) Low Pressure of O2 20. Stoichiometric calculations can be performed only
(c) Fatigue when:
(d) Low Pressure of CO2 (a) Law of conservation of mass
11. Which gas will diffuse more rapidly among the (b) Law of definite proportional
following? (c) Law of reciprocal proportion
(a) N2 (b) H2 (d) Both a and b
(c) CO (d) NH3 21. The number of atoms in 1. 97g of gold and 0.023 g
12. The spreading of fragrance of a rose or scent in of sodium are:
air is due to: (a) Equal (b) Au>Na
(a) Effusion (b) Diffusion (c) Na>Au (d) Unequal
(c) Osmosis (d) Evaporation 22. The number of electrons in the molecules of CO and
13. Which of the following gas has lowest rate of N2 are 14 each, so 1 g of each gas will have same:
diffusion? (a) No. of electrons (b) No. of molecules
(a) He (b) H2 (c) Volume (d) All of these
(c) O2 (d) N2 23. Which of the following mass spectrograph is used to
14. The temperature of natural plasma is about: determine exact masses of isotopes?
(a) 20000oC (b) 10000oC (a) Aston’s (b) Dempster’s
(c) 5000oC (d) 1000oC (c) Modern’s (d) All of these
15. The product PV has the S.I. unit of: 24. Dempster’s mass spectrometer was designed for
(a) atm.dm3 (b) torr.dm3 the identification of isotopes of the elements
(c) N.m (d) cal.m3 which were available in:
16. Eight grams of each O2 and H2 at 27oC will have (a) gaseous state (b) liquid state
total K.E in the ratio of: (c) solid state (d) plasma state
(a) 1:32 (b) 1:16 25. Electrometer is also called:
(c) 16:32 (d) 2:16 (a) voltmeter (b) avometer
17. Smell of the cooking gas during leakage from a gas (c) ion collector (d) galvanometer
cylinder is due to which property of gases? 26. Height of peak in mass spectrum shows:
(a) Expansion (b) Diffusion (a) number at isotopes (b) mass number
(c) Contraction (d) Indefinite shape (c) relative abundance (d) number of protons
18. The temperature above which a substance exists 27. The pressure of vapours maintained in
only as a gas is called: ionization chamber of mass spectrometer
(a) Absolute temperature during isotopic analysis is:
(b) Transition temperature (a) 103 torr (b) around 10-5 torr
−7
(c) Critical solution temperature (c) around 10 torr (d) 10-9 torr
(d) Critical temperature
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Define pressure. Give its S.I unit.
2. Write down the values of atmospheric pressure in four different units.
3. Define one atmospheric pressure. Give its two units.
4. Define one atmospheric pressure. Convert it into torr and psi.
5. Atmospheric pressure on the top of Mount Everest is 323 mm Hg. Convert this value to Pascal and to atmospheres.
6. What are isotherms? What happens to the positions of isotherms when they are plotted at high temperature for a
particular gas
7. How will you explain that the value of the constant k in the equation PV = k depends upon;
(i) the temperature of a gas (ii) the quantity of a gas
8. The plot of PV versus P is a straight line at constant temperature and with a fixed number of moles of an ideal gas.
9. State Boyle’s law. Give its expression.
10. The product of pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature and number of moles is constant, why?
11. What are intramolecular forces of attractions. Give one example.
12. What is the Charles's law? Which scale of temperature is used to verify that V/T = k?
Golden Notes Chemistry XI

13. Differentiate between absolute temperature and absolute zero.

14. A sample of carbon monoxide gas occupies 150.0 mL at 25.0°C. It is then cooled at constant pressure until it occupies
100.0 mL. What is the new' temperature?
15. Do you think that the volume of any quantity of a gas becomes zero at –273.16°C. Is it not against the law of
conservation of mass? How do you deduce the idea of absolute zero from this information?
16. What is Kelvin scale of temperature? Plot a graph for one mole of a real gas to prove that a gas becomes liquid, earlier
than –273.16oC.
17. Throw some light on the factor 1/273 in Charles's law.
18. What is the relationship between volume and temperature at constant pressure for a given mass of a gas?
19. What do you mean by Absolute zero?
20. What is absolute zero? What happens to real gases while approaching it?
21. Give quantitative definition of Charles’ law along with its mathematical form.
22. How kinetic energy of molecules of a gas becomes zero at –273oC?
23. Give the quantitative definition of Charles’s law.
24. –273.16oC is regarded as lowest possible temperature. Justify it.
25. Justify that volume of given mass of a gas becomes theoretically zero at –273oC?
26. Convert 80oC to Fahrenheit scale.
27. How the various scales of thermometry can be interconverted?
28. Convert -40oF temperature to Kelvin temperature.
29. Convert 100oF into oC.
30. Convert 37oC into oF scale.
31. Convert –40oC into oF.
32. What is Fahrenheit scale? Give formula to convert temperature in oC to oF.
33. What is the difference between centigrade and Fahrenheit scale and which relationship is used for their interconversion.
34. Can we determine the molecular mass of an unknown gas if we know the pressure, temperature and volume along with
the mass of that gas?
35. How do you justify from general gas equation that increase in temperature or decrease of pressure decreases the density
of the gas?
36. Why do we feel comfortable in expressing the densities of gases in the units of g dm-3 rather than g cm-3, a unit which
is used to express the densities of liquids and solids?
37. What is Avogadro’s law of gases?
38. Do you think that 1 mole of H2 and 1 mole of NH3 at 0oC and 1 atm pressure will have Avogadro’s number of particles?
39. Justify that 1 cm3 of H2 and 1 cm3 of CH4 at STP will have same number of molecules, when one molecule of CH4 is 8
times heavier than that of hydrogen.
40. Calculate the density of methane at STP.
41. Derive molecular mass of a gas by general gas equation.
42. Derive expression of density of gas with help of general gas equation. Prove that d = PM/RT.
43. Dalton’s law of partial pressures is only obeyed by those gases which don’t have attractive forces among their molecules.
Explain it.
44. Derive an equation to find out the partial pressure of a gas knowing the individual moles of component gases and the
total pressure of the mixture.
45. Explain that the process of respiration obeys the Dalton’s law of partial pressures.
46. Why regular air cannot be used in diver’s tank? / Why deep-sea divers take oxygen mixed with an inert gas like He?
47. Why pilot feel uncomfortable breathing at higher altitude?
48. How do you differentiate between diffusion and effusion?
49. State Graham’s law of diffusion along with mathematical form.
50. Lighter gases can diffuse more rapidly than heavier gases.
51. Differentiate between diffusion and effusion of gases.
52. What is critical temperature of a gas? What is its importance for liquefaction of gases?
Golden Notes Chemistry XI

53. What is Joule-Thomson effect?

54. Gases show non-ideal behaviour at low temperature and high pressure. Explain this with the help of a graph.
55. Do you think that some of the postulates of kinetic molecular theory of gases are faulty? Point out these postulates.
56. Hydrogen and helium are ideal at room temperature, but SO2, and Cl2 are nonideal. How will you explain this?
57. Water vapours do not behave ideally at 273K.
58. SO2 is comparatively non-ideal at 273K but behaves ideally at 327oC.
59. Write expression for Kinetic equation and root mean square velocity of gases.
60. What are faulty points in kinetic molecular theory of gases?
61. Why gases do not settle down in a vessel?
62. Ammonia gas can be liquefied quite easily than hydrogen gas. Justify.
63. What is critical temperature? It depends upon what factors?
64. Why is the critical temperature of water higher than argon?
65. Define Joule Thomson effect and give its significance.
66. The value of compressibility factor for H2 and He is always positive. Justify.
67. Why gases deviate from ideal behaviour?
68. The deviation of real gases is more at high pressure and low temperature. Why?
69. High pressure and low temperature make the gases non-ideal. Explain why?
70. What is the physical significance of van der Waals' constants, ’a’ and ’b? Give their units.
71. Pressure of NH3 gas at given conditions (say 20 atm pressure and room temperature) is less as calculated by van der
Waals equation than that calculated by general gas equation.
72. Why is the volume correction done by van der Waals?
73. Derive the SI units of van der Waals constant ’a’ and ’b’.
74. Which is the fourth state of matter? How can it be obtained?
75. What is plasma state? How is plasma formed at high temperature?
76. Define Plasma. Why is it neutral?
77. What are characteristics of plasma?
78. What is natural and artificial plasma?
79. Where is plasma found?
80. What is plasma? Give its two uses.
81. What are applications of plasma?
82. Write down any two uses of plasma.
NUMERICALS OF EXERCISE
1. Helium gas in a 100 cm3 container at a pressure of 500 torr is transferred to a container with a volume of 250 cm3. What
will be the new pressure:
(a) If no change in temperature occurs? (b) If temperature changes from 20oC to 15oC?
−3
2. (a) What are densities in kg m of the following gases at STP?
(P = 101325Nm-2,T=273K, molecular masses are in kg mol-1)
(i) methane, (ii) oxygen, (iii) hydrogen
(b) Compare the values of densities in proportion to their molar masses.
(c) How do you justify that increase in volume upto 100 dm3 at 27oC of 2 moles of NH3 will allow the gas behave ideally
as compared to STP conditions.
3. A sample of krypton with a volume of 6.25 dm3 and a pressure of 765 torr and a temperature of 20oC is expanded to a
volume of 9.55 dm3 and a pressure of 375 torr. What will be the new temperature in oC?
4. Working at a vacuum line, a chemist isolated a gas in weighing bulb with a volume of 255 cm3 at a temperature of 25oC
and under a pressure of 10.0 torr. The gas weighed 12.1 mg. What is the molecular mass of this gas?
5. What pressure is exerted by a mixture of 2.00 g of H2 and 8.00 g of N2 at 273 K in a 10 dm3 vessel?
6. (a) The relative densities of two gases A and B are 1 : 1.5. Find out the volume of B which will diffuse in the same time
in which 150 dm3 of A will diffuse?
(b) Hydrogen (H2) diffuses through a porous plate at a rate of 500 cm3 per minute at 0oC. What is the rate of diffusion
of oxygen (O2) through same porous plate at 0oC?
Golden Notes Chemistry XI

(c) The rate of effusion of an unknown gas A through a pin hole is found to be 0.279 times that of H2 through same pin
hole. Calculate the molar mass of the unknown gas at STP.
7. Calculate the number of molecules and the number of atoms in the given amount of each gas.
(a) 20 cm3 of CH4 at 0oC and pressure of 700 mm of Hg. (b) 1 cm3 of NH3 at 100oC and pressure of 1.5 atm.
8. Calculate the masses of 1020 molecules of each of H2, O2 and CO2 at STP. What will happen to the masses of these
gases, when the temperatures of these gases are increased by 100oC and pressure is decreased by 100 torr?
9. (a) Two moles of NH3 are enclosed in a 5 dm3 flask at 27oC. Calculate the pressure exerted by the gases assuming that:
(i) it behaves like an ideal gas
(ii) it behaves like a real gas (a = 4.17 atm dm6 mol−2) , (b = 0.0371 dm3 mol−1)
(b) Also calculate the amount of pressure lessened due to force of attraction at these conditions of volume and
temperature:
(c) Do you expect the same decreases of pressure for two moles of NH3 having a volume of 40 dm3 and temperature of
27oC.
SOLVED EXAMPLES
3
1. A gas having a volume of 10dm is enclosed in a vessel at 0oC and the pressure is 2.5 atm. This gas is allowed to expand
until the new pressure is 2 atm. What will be the new volume of this gas, if the temperature is maintained at 273K?
3
2. 250cm of Hydrogen is cooled from 127oC to – 27oC by maintaining the pressure constant. Calculate new volume of
the gas at low temperature.
3. A sample of Nitrogen gas is enclosed in a vessel of volume 380cm3 at 120oC and pressure of 101325Nm-2. This gas is
transferred to a 10dm3 flask and cooled to 27oC. Calculate the pressure in Nm-2 exerted by the gas at 27oC.
4. Calculate the density of CH4 at 0oC and 1atm pressure. What will happen to the density if:
(a) temperature is increased to 27oC, (b) the pressure is increased to 2atm at 0oC.
5. Calculate mass of 1dm3 of NH3 gas at 30oC and 1000mm Hg pressure, considering that NH3 is behaving ideally.
6. There is a mixture of H2, He and CH4 occupying a vessel of volume 13dm3 at 37oC and pressure is 1atm. The masses
of H2 and He are 0.8g and 0.12g respectively. Calculate the partial pressures in torr of each gas in the mixture.
7. 250cm3 of the sample of Hydrogen effuse four times as rapidly as 250cm3 of an unknown gas. Calculate the molar mass
of unknown gas.
8. One mole of methane gas is maintained at 300K. Its volume is 250cm3. Calculate pressure exerted by the gas under the
following condition
(i) When the gas is ideal (ii) When the gas is non-ideal
6 -2
a = 2.253atm dm mol , b = 0.0428dm3 mol-1
PREVIOUS BOARDS LONG QUESTIONS
1. Derive general gas equation for one mole of a gas from gas laws with the help of graph.
2. A gas has volume 5dm3 at 27oC. At what temperature in centigrade scale, its volume will become double at constant
pressure.
3. Describe Dalton's law of partial pressure. Write its three applications.
4. Write down four applications of Dalton’s law of partial pressure.
5. State and explain Graham's Law of diffusion of gases.
6. Describe postulates of kinetic molecular theory of gases.
7. Derive the following laws from kinetic molecular theory of gases.
(i) Charles’ law (ii) Graham’s law
8. State Graham’s law. Explain Graham’s law of diffusion according to kinetic equation.
9. How pressure correction is made by van der Waals?
10. What is Plasma? How is it formed? Explain its various types.
11. What is Plasma? Give three applications of plasma.