5.31 Rig Sizing & Selection
5.31 Rig Sizing & Selection
5.31 Rig Sizing & Selection
2. Hoisting system
– Loads: hook, fastline and deadline
– Drawworks sizing
– Drilling line Sizing, Ton-Miles, Slip & Cut
– Derrick, Rig Floor & Substructure
3. Rotating System
4. Circulating System
5. BOP System
6. Power System
7. Group exercise: Select a Rig for a 30000ft well
Rig Sizing - Introduction
There are a number of considerations that are fundamental to the design of the well
program and selection of the drilling equipment that will be used.
Territory in which to operate
Ranges of well depths and hole sizes to be drilled
Casing loads expected, Drill string components weights and sizes
Range of rotary speeds and torque required
Mud system, tanks and manifolding, solids control equipment
Auxiliary services and power required
Substructure height - clearances
Blowout prevention equipment
Rig Sizing - Introduction
A drilling rig is made of many individual pieces of equipment which together
form a unit to construct wells. Without this unit wells could not be drilled and
cased.
The correct procedure for selecting and sizing a drilling rig is as follows:
1) Design the well.
2) Establish the various maximum loads to be expected during drilling
and all other operations to be done with the rig (Testing, Completions)
3) Find rigs available in the area that match the requirements
4) Discuss availability with Rig Contractors.
5) Issue tenders and select rig based on cost, capability and availability
Rig Sizing
Rig Types:
•Land rig
•Offshore rigs:
–Floating rigs:
»Semisubmersible
»Drillships
–Bottom-supported rigs:
»Jack-up
»Platform
»Barge
Land Rig
Mobile Land rigs
Jack-up Rigs
Rig Move - Rowan Gorilla
Submersible Rigs/Barges
The Drum
Hoisting System - Drawworks
Hoisting System – Crown Block
A block located at the top of derrick
It contains a number of sheaves on
which the drilling line is wound.
The crown block provides a means
of taking the drilling line from
the hoisting drum to the
traveling block
The crown block is stationary and is
firmly fastened to the top of the
derrick
Each sheave inside the crown
block acts as an individual
pulley
Hoisting System - Sheaves
Hoisting System – Travelling Block
A diamond-shaped
block containing a
number of sheaves
which is always less
than those in the crown
block.
Fastline
Hoisting System – Wire Rope
Wire rope differs in the number of strands and pattern of wires
in the strand. Most wire rope constructions are grouped into
four standard classifications, based on the number of strands
and wires per strand as shown in the following table taken from
the IADC Drilling Manual:
Hoisting System – Wire Rope Strands
Strands are preformed to give them the helical shape they will take when
they are placed on the wire: preformed strands (PRF)
Patterns used in drilling line: Filler Wire, Seale, Combined patterns
The strands can be placed in a right or left direction and the wires in the
strand can be placed such that they appear to be parallel to the rope axis
(Regular) or to the axis of the strands (Lang).
Lay used for Drilling Lines:
Right Regular Lay (RRL)
Hoisting System – Wire Rope Core & Grade
The primary purpose of the core in wire rope is to provide foundation or support
for the strands. There are 3 types of core:
Fiber Core (FC), Strand Core, Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC)
The strands provide the whole of the tensile strength of a FC rope but with a
IWRC rope, the core contributes to the nominal strength. For example in a 6
strand rope with IWRC, 7.5% of the nominal strength is attributed to the core.
Wire rope used for Drilling Lines has IWRC
All rotary drilling lines are of 2 grades: Improved Plow Steel (IPS) or Extra
Improved Plow Steel (EIPS)
A standard 6 strand EIPS rope within the same classification have a nominal
strength 15 % higher than IPS ropes.
Hoisting System – Wire Rope Size
The correct diameter of a wire rope is the diameter of a circumscribed circle
that will enclose all the strands. It is the largest cross-sectional measurement.
Measurements should be carefully made with calipers.
1” = Diameter of line
5000’ = Length of line
6 = Number of Strands per Line
19 = Number of Wires per Strand
S = Seale Pattern
PRF = Preformed Strands
RRL = Right Regular Lay
IPS = Improved Plow Steel
IWRC = Independent Wire Rope Core
Strength = 89800 lbs
Hoisting System Design
Design Considerations
1. Determine the deepest hole to be drilled
2. Determine the maximum drilling loads or casing loads
3. Use these values and compare to the derrick capacities on
available rigs
W ( n + 2)
Line Tension = FL = Derrick Load = FD = W *
n n
Fixedsheaves
W W W W
4 W 4 4 W 4
4 4
Fastline
Hook
Drawworks Deadline
W
Hoisting System – Dynamic Loading
For dynamic conditions friction between the line and sheaves has to be
accounted for:
For roller bearings which are the normal type of bearings in a block & tackle
system, the Friction Factor is K=1.04.
KN −1
EF = S
K * N( K − 1)
W * ( 1 / K )n
FDL =
EF * n
Calculate:
1) The power at the drawworks
2) The motor power required
3) The fast line speed.
4) The RPM of the drawworks drum.
Exercise RIG 03 – Drilling Line Loads
Consider a travelling block with 10 lines of 1.5” EIPS wire rope of strength 228klbs
Hole depth(MD) = 10,500 ft
DP = 4000 ft 5” - 19.5 lb/ft (S-135-NC 50) 22.61 approx #
= 5700 ft 5” – 19.5 lb/ft (E-75-NC 50) 20.85 approx #
Drill collars = 800 ft, 8” x 2,825”, 150 lb/ft
Mud weight = 10 ppg
Sheave bearing type = Roller Bearing (K=1.04)
Travelling Block Weight = 23,500 lbs
Calculate:
1) Weight of drill string in air and in mud
2) Hook load.
3) Dynamic deadline and fast-line loads.
4) Dynamic crown load
5) Wirerope Design Factor during drilling
6) Design Factor when running 7 in casing of 29 lb/ft
Drilling Line Slip & Cut
Fig. M4-1 of the IADC Drilling Manual Illustrates the
critical wear points of drilling line.
Slip & Cut Practice
The objective is to find the optimum cut off rate for each particular situation.
• The work of the drilling line is measured in “ton-miles” which refers to lifting
one ton one mile or ( lifting 2000 lbs 5280 ft )
• If a line is cut off with very low ton-miles per ft of line, rig operating costs will
be higher than necessary but if the line is cut with excessive ton-miles per foot
there is risk of causing an accident or having to cut and slip the entire length to
string up the system.
Slip & Cut – Ton-Mile goal
The table below from the IADC manual shows the starting goal of ton miles per ft.
for a rig without previous records. Depending on results the goal can be increased
or decreased.
It should be noticed that the goal changes with rope diameter and drum diameter
of the drawworks.
TON MILE PER FOOT CUT GOAL FOR RIGS HAVING NO PAST
PERFORMANCE RECORDS
Drum
Diameter 1" 1 1/8" 1 1/4" 1 3/8" 1 1/2" 1 5/8"
18" 6.0 9.0
19" 6.0 9.0
20" 7.0 9.0
21" 7.0 10.0
22" 7.0 10.0
The idea is to prevent the rope to be passed from one critical point to another
one. The following table prevents this from occurring; however, other lengths
can be used.
Slip & Cut Practice – Ton Miles
⎡⎛ D( Ls + D )Wcs ⎞ DM ⎤
Ts = 1 / 2 ⎢ ⎜ ⎟+ ⎥
⎣⎝ 10,560,000 ⎠ 2,640,000 ⎦
Wcs = effective weight per unit length of casing in mud
Ls = length of 1 Casing joint
Exercise RIG 04 – Ton Miles Evaluation
Using the data given in Exercise RIG 03, determine;
2. Hoisting system
– Loads: hook, fastline and deadline
– Drawworks sizing
– Drilling line Sizing, Ton-Miles, Slip & Cut
– Derrick, Rig Floor & Substructure
3. Rotating System
4. Circulating System
5. BOP System
6. Power System
7. Group exercise: Select a Rig for a 30000ft well
Rotating System
Rotary HorsePower
Hydraulic Horsepower:
The horsepower requirements of the
pumps depends on the flow-rate
and the pressure.
For a given pump, different size liners have the same OD but different ID.
The smaller liner (small ID) is used in the deeper part of the well where low
flow-rate is required but much higher operating pressure
Circulating System – Triplex Pumps
Mud Pumps – Stroke & Efficiency
A full hydraulic program needs to be calculated to determine the
pressure requirement of the pump.
The size of the pump is determined by the length of its stroke and the
size of the liner.
Volumetric Efficiency:
Drilling mud usually contain little air and is slightly compressible. Hence the
piston moves through a shorter stroke than theoretically possible before
reaching discharge pressure,
As a result, the volumetric efficiency is always less than one; typically 95% for
triplex and 90% for duplex.
In addition, due to power losses in drives, the mechanical efficiency of most
pumps is about 85%.
Exercise RIG 05 – Mud Pump Power
Calculate the power requirement for the following pump:
• Flowrate = 1200 gpm,
• Pressure = 2000 psi,
• Mechanical Efficiency = 0.85
Circulating System -Auxiliaries
Centrifugal Pumps:
This type of pump uses an impeller for the movement of fluid, rather a
piston reciprocating inside a cylinder. Centrifugal pumps are used
to surcharge mud pumps and to provide fluid to solids control
equipment and mud mixing equipment.
The actual power required will depend on the operation being carried out:
- The maximum power used is during hoisting and circulation.
- The least power used is during wireline operations
Rig Sizing & Selection - Agenda
1. Types of rigs
2. Hoisting system
– Loads: hook, fastline and deadline
– Drawworks sizing
– Drilling line Sizing, Ton-Miles, Slip & Cut
– Derrick, Rig Floor & Substructure
3. Rotating System
4. Circulating System
5. BOP System
6. Power System
7. Group exercise: Select a Rig for a 30000ft well