PT examination is used to detect the

surface cracks in welds as well as in We should allow higher

base metal plates. For proper detection, penetrant time on plates

Location of weld, i.e.,

longitudinal,
As per ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1, “Weld circumferential, nozzle
joint category” means: attachment weld etc

A inspector should be stricter while

carrying out inspection on: Longitudinal Joint
Which of the following represent
grouping of weld-metals in ASME
IX? A - Nos
ASME Sec. VIII Div.1 is based on
factor of safety equal to 3.5
Compared to ASTM A 515 Gr. 60
plates, ASTM A 516 Gr. 60 plates
have Better toughness

Part MAWP for lower dished head in Higher than both shell and
vertical vessel will generally be: top head

Ensure that welds around

nozzles were inspected by
Prior to witnessing a pneumatic test of a PT or MT prior to
pressure vessel, the inspector should commencement of test
Vessel MAWP is 200 psi. What will
be the total pressure at a point 20
feet from top, if vessel is completely
filled with liquid (specific gravity =
1). 208.66 psi

For external pressure calculations, E is modulus of elasticity

the value of “E” is worked out on and does not depend on
the basis of radiography

Ovality tolerance of a vessel shell

with internal pressure is 1% for shell I.D.
The notch test is better described
as toughness
Reinforcement area required for an
opening of diameter of 8” inside
diameter and minimum required
shell wall thickness 1.0” will be 8.0 sq. inches

A vessel is constructed by using

SA516 Gr.70 normalised plates of
thickness 1.125”. Minimum MDMT
without any impact testing for this
vessel will be -26°F

Non-ferrous material has iron

content Less than 50%

Holder of ASME certificate

appropriate code symbol
stamp&Owner-
user&Contractor under
Repair Organization: According to
contract with owner-user
API 510 is

Corrosion and minimum thickness

evaluation may be conducted by Ultrasonic testing

Creep is high temperature

phenomenon and is
Which of the following best
dependent upon time,
describes creep cracking
temperature and stress&
Hydrogen attack
aggravates creep cracks

What can be done to extend the life

of a 2” thk. vessel with a corroded
Recalculate t minimum for
area in the shell plate 6 inches from
design conditions using E
the weld, a joint efficiency of less
=1
than 1, and a corrosion thickness
currently near the minimum
required thickness
Shells of vessels adjacent to inlet
impingement plates are susceptible
to Erosion
For all repairs and alterations under
API 510, the ultimate responsibility
rests with Owner user
Which of the following changes on a Addition of a reinforced
vessel could be termed as an nozzle of greater size, at
alteration same location.

For corrosion area of considerable

size; thickness averaging along
20” and 24” respectively
most critical element shall not
exceed following length for 48” ID
vessel and 72” ID vessel.

Carbon content <0.35%

A carbon steel pressure vessel has
and compatible with
to be repaired with the substitute
original material
plate of carbon steel with

Corrosion under insulation (CUI)

due to environmental factors like
25°F to 250°F
humidity, moisture, will be more
pronounced at temperature

if actual thickness measured during

inspection is 0.45” and minimum
required thickness is 0.37&if
2 years, 2 years
estimated corrosion rate is 20 mpy.
The next planned internal and
external inspection shall not be
later than
For a vessel, remaining life is
estimated as 3 years from now, next
2 Years, 2 years&c. 1.5
planned internal and external
inspection may be planned _______
Years, 1.5 years
years from now

Authorization for which of the Repairs for vessels that

following approval from pressure comply with Sec. VIII, Div.
vessel engineer is not mandatory 1

For avoiding PWHT after welding

repair is done on Vessels with Procedure qualification
M.O.C. falling in P Nos. 1, 3, 4 shall be done as per Sec.
(with impact testing), The welding IX and API-510
repair shall be done with
Soil-to-air (S/A) interfaces for
partially buried vessels are a
location where localized corrosion
may take place. If the buried part is
excavated for inspection, how deep
should the excavation be to
determine if there is hidden damage 6 to 12 inches

The term “away from weld” for

recalculating the required thickness
(Vessels with E<1), means area
lying away from weld __________ 1", 2
on either side of the weld or
__________ times the minimum
measured thickness on either side
of the weld, whichever is greater

Minimum Design thickness for a

vessel shell is 10 mm. Following
four plates were received with
actual thickness equal to: 10.2 mm, 3
9.7mm, 10.3mm, and 9.6 mm. As
per ASME Sec. VIII Div.1, how
many plates will you release for
vessel fabrication
Loss of ductility in Cr–
steels due to incorrect
Temper embrittlement is
PWHT and High
temperature service

HCl is more corrosive in refining In presence of H2S, corrosion

sour crudes because: of iron by HCl becomes cyclic
reaction regenerating HCl

For vessels which are supported on At the Points of contact of

concrete saddles and working in an the metal surface with the
area where the humidity is high concrete
which areas on them are typically
susceptible to external corrosion?
For non-continuous corrosive
service with remaining life 25 years,
5 years
external inspection shall be
performed not later than:
 Weld metal shall be
deposited for second pass
while the first pass below
For carrying out temper – bead the second pass is still not
welding technique in lieu of PWHT, cooled down and its
apart from other requirements, cooling rate is retarded
which of the following is due to the heat of second
acceptable? pass

Calculate the remaining life and

external insp. interval of a vessel
given the following data:

Actual thickness = 0.955 inch

Minimum thickness required = 14 years, 5years
0.755 inch
Thickness at previous inspection 5
years prior to present inspection =
1.025 inch

For a vessel, remaining life is

estimated as 22 years from now, next
5 Years, 5 Years
planned internal and external
inspection shall not be later than
For MT examination by Prod
technique the magnetizing current Thickness of item under
required depends on Inspection

For a vertical column, Int. dia. =

48'' and height (T-T) = 80ft, The
95.5 psi
vessel MAWP is 60 psi. The vessel
part MAWP for bottom dished head
(2:1 Ellip type) will be
It can detect surface
discontinuities with foreign
material imbedded in
Which is/are advantage of magnetic
them&is faster on
particle testing over penetrant
individual parts& can
testing
detect near-surface
discontinuities

Cracks run normal to

.

vessels surfaces &

Cracks and laminations look similar Lamination runs slant or
from surface however, generally parallel to surface
Before entering into a vessel for
inspection the vessel shall be
OSHA
evaluated for safety in accordance
to

If vessel longitudinal and

circumferential welds are type 1 RT3
and spot radiographed only, then
stamping on name plate will be

pressure vessel of 60” has three

pits within a circle of 7” diameter.
The nominal thickness of the shell is
The pit depth is more than the
0.75” and the CA is 0.125”. The acceptable
details and dimensions of the pits
are listed below. Your assessment
is:- 0.475” x 0.385” depth 0.21”/-
1” diameter depth 0.35”/ 0.375” x
0.385” depth 0.23”

The Code formula for a torispherical

head thickness as per ASME Section At knuckle portion
VIII Div. 1 actually gives the
thickness required

Original construction code of a

A pressure vessel
pressure vessel is ASME Sec. VIII,
engineer/organization who
Div.1. The vessel has corrosion
is experienced in design
problems and is being evaluated
and authorized pressure
according to ASME Sec. VIII Div. 2.
vessel inspector
Who should approve the evaluation
based on Sec. VIII, Div. 2
The minimum hydro test
temperature for in-service vessel of MDMT+10°F
2” thickness is

ASME Sec. VIII, Div. 1 may be used

1
for design of pump casings

Identify correct statements. The As material thickness

pressure vessel materials tend to be increases
less brittle
Which of the following is typical
phenomenon in low-alloy chromium Tamper embrittlement
steels

In PWHT of pressure vessels that Thickness has to be

are built in carbon and low-alloy accounted for working out
steels heating and cooling rates
From outside and vessel
On stream-inspection” means may or may not be in
inspection carried out operation

As per API 510, responsibility to

Owner-user
develop a Quality Assurance
Inspection Manual shall rest with

For recertification of API 510

Minimum of 20% of time
authorised inspector, he shall be
shall be spent on
“Actively engaged” in inspection of
inspection activities OR
pressure vessels during the most
performance of inspection
recent 3-year period. The term
on 75 pressure vessels
“actively engaged” means
Prior to internal inspection, the
Isolated, drained, purged,
vessel should be made ready as
follows gas tested

For MAWP calculations as per API 510,

the thickness as determined by Deducting twice the
inspection shall be used in these corrosion loss up to next
calculations after inspection

Lowest value, as worked

Three corrosion patches were seen
out by the worst
on the shell for a tall vertical vessel
combination of part MAWP
to decide their effect on vessel
and corresponding
MAWP
hydrostatic head at that
location

For a vessel which was in service, top dished A repair &alteration

head (2:1 Ellip.) was corroded severely was
replaced by a properly designed Hemisph.
The head is designed as per the present
design conditions of the vessel. This is
 The vessel internal is lined with
Pneumatic test is proposed for a refractory&. The skirt of the
vessel instead of standard hydro vessel is too week to take care
test. Most probable reason for this of the static water head and
could be pressure
If alloy steels have undergone
“temper embrittlement”, the
Impact testing
appropriate testing to confirm the
same is
Dagger shaped, oxide filled
Thermal fatigue cracks usually are and initiate form the
surface
Post weld heat treatment of vessel
Reduction in hardness
welds generally results in
2 Common way to minimize temper X’ factor for base & ‘J’
embrittlement is to limit factor for weld metal
Clam shell” type crack failure
having concentric rings called
“beach marks” showing “waves” of Fatigue cracks.
crack propagation is typically the
description of

Transgranular, branching
Characteristic SCC in Austenitic S.S.
and aggravated by
generally will be
increasing temperature

The thinned area is on or

A cylindrical shell with thickness = within weld area hence
4.0”, ID=96”, S=17100 and E=0.85 (a) above can not be
and C. A. = 1/8” showed metal loss adopted &c. Prepare repair
of 1/4” within the areas lying 8” on procedure and restore the
either side of the longitudinal welds. metal loss as per API -510
You analysis of situation is

As a preliminary survey
How is hammer testing utilized
for thinned areas

SSC is aggravated due to wet H2S 1

 Hydrogen blistering may occur on
I.D, O.D, or any where within wall 1
thickness of the pressure vessel.

High hardness & High strength

steels are more likely to undergo
1
damage due to SCC compared to
low strength/ low hardness steels

High temperature hydrogen attack

is typically due to Methane gas formation
Which of the following statements is Defects are rejectable
true discontinuities
For all repairs and alterations under
API 510, the ultimate responsibility Owner user
rests with
Which of the following changes on a Addition of a reinforced
vessel could be termed as an nozzle of greater size, at
alteration same location
A pressure vessel has design
pressure = 300 psi. Its safe stress
values at ambient and designed
temperatures are 17100 psi and
409 psi and 315 psi
16300 psi respectively. The
hydrostatic test pressure and
inspection pressure for above will
be

In a 30 mm thick cylindrical shell,

the longitudinal as well as
circumferential joints are double
They are of same type but
welded butt welds with full
different categories.
penetration. Which of the following
is true as regards the longitudinal
and circumferential joints

If all other conditions are remains

same the design thickness of which
dished end (Torispherical, Torispherical
Hemispherical, Ellipsoidal) will be
maximum
ASME Sec VIII Div. 1 specifies
different acceptance level for weld Permitted reinforcement
reinforcement, which of the for long. seems is lower
following statements are true in than circ. Seems
your opinion?

A vessel with 50 inches OD and 1¼

in. thickness is to be provided Std.
torisph. heads. The heads shall be 50 inch, 3¾ inch
formed with crown radius and min.
knuckle radius as follows

Two head to shell joints, one joining

a seamless Hemisph, head to shell
was radiographed for full length and
the other joint joining seamless std.
1, 1
torisph. head to shell was spot
radiographed, The weld joint
efficiency for each of these heads
respectively will be

Vessel MAWP for tall vertical vessel Lower than Vessel part
will normally be MAWPs

Higher than both shell and

top head
Part MAWP for lower dished head in
vertical vessel will generally be:
Depends on vessel
Choose correct statement. temperature&c. Is affected
Allowable external pressure for a by internal corrosion
vessel: allowance
“Set-in” type&b. “Set-on”
type
ASME Sec. VIII, Div. 1 permits
which of the following nozzle
constructions

Ovality tolerance of a vessel shell

with internal pressure 1% for shell I.D
A vessel is constructed by using
SA516 Gr. 70 normalised plates of
thickness 1.125”. Minimum MDMT -26°F
without any impact testing for this
vessel will be

Each vessel above ground shall be The lesser of every 5 years or

given a visual external inspection Same as that required for
preferably while in operation at a internal or on – stream
frequency of: inspection

The vessel shall be internally

and externally inspected before
Which of the following is / are to be it is re-used&The allowable
undertaken in case the ownership and conditions of service shall be
location of vessel are changed? established and the next period
of inspection shall be
established for the new service

Normally required&Subject to
approval of the jurisdiction ( where
applicable ) appropriate NDE shall be
required where pressure test is not
After completion of alterations a pressure performed &Substituting NDE
procedure for a pressure test after an
test alteration may be done only after
consulting a pressure vessel engineer
experienced in pressure vessel design
and the authorized pressure vessel
inspector have been consulted

During Hydrostatic testing, risk of brittle

Carry out test at temperature more
fracture, which of the following action 30F above MDMT
may be taken

Erosion would normally be exhibited a. Wear plates on saddles, Baffle

at plates& Impingement plates
As a supplement to visual
inspection, To be confirmed by
How is hammer testing utilized? subsequent NDT

For calculating reinforcement pad requirements Credit can be taken for extra metal
for given Design Pressure, which of the following in shell , Credit can be taken for
statement is applicable: extra metal in nozzle
 Loss of ductility due to incorrect
Temper embrittlement is PWHT and High temperature
service
Part MAWP for lower dished head in Higher than both shell and top
Vertical vessel will generally be head
PWHT is required for vessels containing
products, classified as “lethal” or a 0.0 inch
thickness exceeding:
ASME
VIII, UG -
100

ASME
VIII, UG –
28, Step
ASME
VIII, UG –
80 (a)
ASME
VIII, UG
- 37

ASME
VIII, Fig.
UCS - 66
ASME
VIII, UG –
100 (d)

API 510,
3.16

API 510,
5.7 (a)

API 510,
5.2

API 510,
5.7 (d)

API 510,
4.1
API 510,
3.1

API 510,
5.7 (a)

API 510,
7.2.8

API 510,
6.3

API 510,
6.3 and
6.4

API 510,
6.3 and
6.4

API 510,
7.1.1

API 510,
7.2.3.2
and 7.2.1
API 572,
8.2.9

API 510,
5.7 (d)

ASME VIII,
UG – 16
(c)

API 572,
10.3.5

API 510,
6.3
 API 510,
3.19

API 510,
6.3, 6.4

API 510,
6.3, 6.4

ASME V,
Art. 7, T-
752.2

60 + 82 x
0.433

ASME V,
Art. 7,
Scope

API 572,
Page 31
API 510,
5.1

ASME
VIII, UG
– 116

API 510,
5.7, b1, 2,
3

API 510,
5.7 e

API 510,
5.7 c

API 510,
6.5

API 510,
6.2 last
paragraph

ASME
VIII, Fig.
UCS – 66
API 510,
5.2

UCS – 56,
d1, 5

API 510,
3.11

API 510,
4.3

API 510,
App. B 5.2

API 510,
5.1

API 510,
5.4

ASME
VIII, UG –
98 (a)
Application
of UG – 100
(a)

API 571,
4.2.3.5

API 571,
4.2.9.5.(a)

API 571,
4.2.3

API 571
4.2.16.5(a
)

API 571
4.5.1.3(b)
and
4.5.1.5.c,
d

API 510,
5.7 (d)

API 572,
10.8.1
API 571,
5.12.3.1
a, d and
5.1.2.3.4(
d)
API 571,
5.12.3.1
a, d and
5.1.2.3.4(
d)
API 571,
5.12.3.1
a, d and
5.1.2.3.4(
d)
API 571,
5.1.3.1.1
(a

API 510,
4.1

API 510,
3.1

ASME
VIII, UG
– 99

ASME
VIII, UW
– 3 (a)

ASME
VIII, UG –
32, d, e, f
ASME
VIII, UW
- 35

ASME
VIII, UW
– 32 (j)

ASME
VIII, UW
– 12 (d)

ASME
VIII, 98
(a)

Body of
Knowledg
e, 3 (d),
page 2

ASME
VIII, UW
– II (c)

ASME
VIII, UW
– 16, Fig.
UW 16.1
ASME
VIII, UG –
80 (a)
 ASME
VIII, Fig.
UCS - 66
A filmside penetrameter can be inaccessible welds (unable to hand
used for place a source penetrameter
A dark image of the "B" on a
lighter background is: Acceptable
The type and amperage of
magnetizing current must be
identified on the written MT
1
procedure
Black light intensity shall be
measured with a _______ when Black light meter
conducting fluorescent PT

When should a densitometer be

calibrated as a minimum
Every 90 days

D.C.yokers may be used for

detecting subsurface False
discontinuities, per ASME V
Prior to examinations, each
adjacent surface shall be
cleaned within at least _____"
1
of the area to be examined

Water washable penetrant shall

be removed with a water spray 0
not exceeding 60 psi and 1000F

When using a hydrophillic

emulsifier versus a lipophilic
pre-rinsing with water
emulsifier and intermediate step
that must be taken is

A welded part is to be
radiographed and is 1" thick,
with 1/8" reinforcement. What
ASTM wire set IQI should be
SET B
used on these radiographs if a
source side technique is used

23. When a PT test cannot be

conducted between 500-1250F,
The procedure must be qualified
what must be done, per ASME
V?
 24. The sulphur content of a
penetrant is measured to be Carbon steel& Nickel-base alloys&
less than 0.0025g. This material Ferritic steel
is acceptable for use on

All indications are to be

The referencing Code section
evaluated in accordance with
A suitable means for applying Dipping, Brushing, Spraying
penetrant.

What materials require the use

of tested and certified liquid Nickel alloys&Austenitic stainless
penetrants as to the steel alloys
contaminants in the penetrant
Thickness readings may be
CRT
displayed on
How many copies of a
procedure must be available to
1
the Manufacturers NDE
Personnel
What designation is used to
indicate the penetrameter is on An "F"
the film side
In liquid Penetrant Testing, a
procedure is qualified to a The same procedure is qualified to
temperature of 15 0C. pick up the temperature from 10 0C to 52 0C
a correct statement.
A lead letter of B is used in By keeping the letter B on film side
radiography in order to know and image of B on film shall be
the scatter in well within the similar or darker than the
limits background

For instrument calibration in

Ultrasonic Testing, amplitude
control linearity forms an
important factor. The allowable ±20%
tolerance for amplitude height
linearity (of the nominal
amplitude ratio) is

Which of the following penetrant

system is generally considered Water-washable – visible dye.
least sensitive?
In WPS PQR documentation, the
essential, supplementary essential PQR shall address all EVs
and Non-essential variables (EV, and SEVs while WPS shall
SEV, NEV) shall be addressed in record all EV s , SEV s and
these documents. Which document NEVs
shall address which of the variables.

ALL OF THESES ITEMS ARE

CORRECT: A welder performing
procedure test is also qualified in
that position, Supplementary
Identify incorrect statement from essential variables become essential
following variables when impact test is
specified,For procedure qualification,
the test can be performed in any
position as the position is not
essential variable for procedure
qualification.

Following two combinations of nozzle

pipe dia and shell thickness are given of
reinforcement. Case 1: vessel wall thk =
½ " and nozzle size NPS 3, Case 2 Calculations required for 2 and
vessel wall thk = ¾ " Nozzle size NPS 2 not for 1
½ According to ASME Sec. VIII
reinforcement requirement for which of
above nozzles by should be verified by
calculations?