General Chemistry-Part I-Chapter 3-Unit 2-VB and MO Theories-Notes
General Chemistry-Part I-Chapter 3-Unit 2-VB and MO Theories-Notes
General Chemistry-Part I-Chapter 3-Unit 2-VB and MO Theories-Notes
I. Valence bond (VB) different spatial orientations. Used together, these two
simple ideas enable us to understand the bonding,
molecular shapes,and properties of a wide variety of
3 4
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>0
>0
> 0;
=0; <0
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Bonding in Acetylene, C2H2 Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model:
# of atoms # lone
bonded to pairs on Arrangement of Molecular
Class central atom central atom electron pairs Geometry
B B
25 26
VSEPR VSEPR
# of atoms # lone # of atoms # lone
bonded to pairs on Arrangement of Molecular bonded to pairs on Arrangement of Molecular
Class central atom central atom electron pairs Geometry Class central atom central atom electron pairs Geometry
27 28
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VSEPR VSEPR
# of atoms # lone # of atoms # lone
bonded to pairs on Arrangement of Molecular bonded to pairs on Arrangement of Molecular
Class central atom central atom electron pairs Geometry Class central atom central atom electron pairs Geometry
29 30
VSEPR VSEPR
# of atoms # lone # of atoms # lone
bonded to pairs on Arrangement of Molecular bonded to pairs on Arrangement of Molecular
Class central atom central atom electron pairs Geometry Class central atom central atom electron pairs Geometry
trigonal trigonal
AB3 3 0 AB4 4 0 tetrahedral tetrahedral
planar planar
trigonal trigonal
AB2E 2 1 bent AB3E 3 1 tetrahedral
planar pyramidal
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VSEPR VSEPR
# of atoms # lone # of atoms # lone
bonded to pairs on Arrangement of Molecular bonded to pairs on Arrangement of Molecular
Class central atom central atom electron pairs Geometry Class central atom central atom electron pairs Geometry
trigonal trigonal
AB4 4 0 tetrahedral tetrahedral AB5 5 0
bipyramidal bipyramidal
trigonal trigonal distorted
AB3E 3 1 tetrahedral AB4E 4 1
pyramidal bipyramidal tetrahedron
AB2E2 2 2 tetrahedral bent
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VSEPR VSEPR
# of atoms # lone
# of atoms # lone bonded to pairs on Arrangement of Molecular
bonded to pairs on Arrangement of Molecular Class central atom central atom electron pairs Geometry
Class central atom central atom electron pairs Geometry
trigonal trigonal
trigonal trigonal AB5 5 0
AB5 5 0 bipyramidal bipyramidal
bipyramidal bipyramidal trigonal distorted
AB4E 4 1
trigonal distorted bipyramidal tetrahedron
AB4E 4 1
bipyramidal tetrahedron trigonal
AB3E2 3 2 T-shaped
trigonal bipyramidal
AB3E2 3 2 T-shaped
bipyramidal trigonal
AB2E3 2 3 linear
bipyramidal
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Behavior of Polar Molecules Bond moments and resultant dipole moments in NH3 and NF3.
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O
H
bonds = 6 + 1 = 7
H C C O H
bonds = 1
H
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Constructive and Destructive Interference Two Possible Interactions Between Two Equivalent p Orbitals
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General molecular orbital energy level diagram for the Molecular Orbital (MO) Configurations
second-period homonuclear diatomic molecules Li2, Be2, B2,
C2, and N2.
1. The number of molecular orbitals (MOs) formed is always
equal to the number of atomic orbitals combined.
2. The more stable the bonding MO, the less stable the
corresponding antibonding MO.
3. The filling of MOs proceeds from low to high energies.
4. Each MO can accommodate up to two electrons.
5. Use Hund’s rule when adding electrons to MOs of the
same energy.
6. The number of electrons in the MOs is equal to the sum of
all the electrons on the bonding atoms.
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Number of Number of
bond order =
1
2 ( electrons in
bonding
MOs
- electrons in
antibonding
MOs
)
bond
½ 1 ½ 0
order 49 50
Delocalized orbitals
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