Lca Lab 12
Lca Lab 12
Lca Lab 12
Title:
To Study and Implement Nodal Analysis
Objective:
1. To understand the principle of Nodal Analysis
Materials Required:
Multimeter
Experimental Kit: Electronic Trainer EES-21-305
Resistor 100Ω , 200Ω , 350Ω
Line Cords
Procedure:
Part (a): Nodal Analysis with one unknown node voltage
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure below.
R1
+0.05
Amps 100ohm
+0.02
+0.02
Amps
Amps
Vin
R2 R3
200ohm 200ohm
2. State the experiment by setting the direction of the current in the circuit and named the nodes.
3. Calculate the node voltages the current through R 1, R2 andR3.
4. Measure the node voltages the current through R1, R2 andR3.
5. Verify the calculated and measured values using Kirchhoff’s Current Law.
6. Write down the equation for Kirchhoff’s Current Law.
7. Write down the values in observation Table.
8. Calculate the percentage error:
Observation Table:
Table. 1 Nodal Analysis with one unknown node voltage
Values I1 I2 I3 VA
Calculated 0.05A 0.025A 0.025A 5V
Measured 0.05A 0.025A 0.025A 5V
% Error 0% 0% 0% 0%
Calculations:
Take node-3 as reference point,
By using KCL, on the Node-1
VS=V= 10 volts
KCL at the Node-2
I1 = I2 + I3
V-VA/R1 = VA/R2 + VA/R3
10-VA/100 = VA/200 + VA/200
10-VA/100 = 2VA/200
200(10-VA) = 2VA*100
2000-200VA = 200VA
VA = 2000/400
VA = 5V
Now, find the current.
As we know that R2 and R3 parallel, find their equivalent resistance.
1/RP= 1/R2+1/R3+1/R4
1/RP= 1/200+1/200
1/RP= 0.01Ω
RP= 100Ω
For current I1, I2, I3,
1. I1 = RS/R1+RP
I1 = 10/ (100+100)
I1 = 0.05A
2. I2 = VA/R2
I2 = 5/200
I2 = 0.025A
3. I3 = VA/R3
I3 = 5/200
I3 = 0.025A
By using the KCL,
I1 =I2+I3
0.05=0.025+0.025
0.05A = 0.05A
R1 R4
+0.02 +7.69
Amps 200ohm +0.01 350ohm mA
Amps
Vin
R2 R3
350ohm 350ohm
2. State the experiment by setting the direction of the current in the circuit and named the nodes.
3. Calculate the node voltages the current through R 1, R2, R3 and R4.
4. Measure the node voltages the current through R1, R2, R3 and R4.
5. Verify the calculated and measured values using Kirchhoff’s Current Law.
6. Write down the equation for Kirchhoff’s Current Law.
7. Write down the values in observation Table.
8. Calculate the percentage error:
Observation Table:
Table. 1 Nodal Analysis with two unknown node voltages
Values I1 I2 I3 I4 VA VB
Calculated 0.02A 0.015A 7.69mA 7.69mA 5.3846 V 2.6923 V
Measured 0.02A 0.015A 7.69mA 7.69mA 5.3846 V 2.6923 V
% Error 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Calculation:
Take node-4 as reference point,
By using KCL, on the Node-1:
VS=V= 10 volts
KCL at the Node-2:
I1 = I2 + I3
VS-VA/R1 = VA/R2 + (VA-VB)/R3
VS-VA/R1 - VA/R2 - (VA-VB)/R3 = 0
VS/R1 – VA/R1 - VA/R2 – VA/R3 + VB/R3 = 0
-VA/R1 - VA/R2 – VA/R3 + VS/R1 + VB/R3 = 0
Taking (-) common
-(VA/R1 + VA/R2 + VA/R3 - VS/R1 - VB/R3) = 0
VA (1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3) - VB/R3 = VS/R1
Multiply both sides by “R1”
VA (R1/R1 + R1/R2 + R1/R3) - VB(R1/R3) = VS(R1/R1)
VA (1 + R1/R2 + R1/R3) - VB(R1/R3) = VS ----------- (1)
KCL at the Node-3:
VA-VB/R3 – VB/R4
VA/R3 - VB/R3 - VB/R4 = 0
Taking (-) common
Multiply both sides by “R1”
-(VA/R3 + VB/R3 + VB/R4) = 0
VA (R1/R3) + VB (R1/R3 + R1/R4) = 0 ------------(2)
Now, rewrite the equation 1 and 2 for matrix,
VA (1 + R1/R2 + R1/R3) - VB(R1/R3) = VS ---------------- (1)
VA (R1/R3) + VB (R1/R3 + R1/R4) = 0 ----------------- (2)
| |
R1 R1 R 1
1+ + −
R2 R3 R 3
| A|=
−R1 R1 R1
+
R3 R3 R4
| |
R1
V S−
R
|V A| = R R3 /| A|
0 1+ 1
R3 R4
RP= 166.66 Ω
For current I1, I2, I3,
1. I1 = VS/R1+RP
I1 = 10/200+166.66
I1 = 0.02Amp
2. I2 = VA/R2
I2 = 5.3846/350
I2 = 0.01Amp
3. I3 = VA-VB /R3
I3 = 5.3846-2.69231/350
I3 = 7.69mA.
By using the KCL,
I1 =I2+I3
0.02=0.015+ 7.69mA.
0.02Amp = 0.02Amp
As I3 is the current which passes through the R3 andR4 it has only one path to flow, so basically I3 is the
current also passes through the R4, In this way I3 =I4 = 7.69mA
THE END