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    ENMA650 Homework 4

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    simmy
    This document summarizes homework problems from a physics course. Problem 1 asks students to analyze the energy of a longitudinal wave moving through a monatomic linear lattice. Part a defines the kinetic and potential energy equations. Part b plugs the wave equation into these and derives the dispersion relation. Problem 2 examines atomic vibrations in a metal. Part a derives the equation for the vibration frequency based on electrostatic force. Part b calculates this for sodium atoms. Part c relates frequency, wavelength and velocity.

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    ENMA650 Homework 4

    Uploaded by

    simmy
    8 views2 pages
    This document summarizes homework problems from a physics course. Problem 1 asks students to analyze the energy of a longitudinal wave moving through a monatomic linear lattice. Part a defines the kinetic and potential energy equations. Part b plugs the wave equation into these and derives the dispersion relation. Problem 2 examines atomic vibrations in a metal. Part a derives the equation for the vibration frequency based on electrostatic force. Part b calculates this for sodium atoms. Part c relates frequency, wavelength and velocity.

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    This document summarizes homework problems from a physics course. Problem 1 asks students to analyze the energy of a longitudinal wave moving through a monatomic linear lattice. Part a defines the kinetic and potential energy equations. Part b plugs the wave equation into these and derives the dispersion relation. Problem 2 examines atomic vibrations in a metal. Part a derives the equation for the vibration frequency based on electrostatic force. Part b calculates this for sodium atoms. Part c relates frequency, wavelength and velocity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views2 pages

    ENMA650 Homework 4

    Uploaded by

    simmy
    This document summarizes homework problems from a physics course. Problem 1 asks students to analyze the energy of a longitudinal wave moving through a monatomic linear lattice. Part a defines the kinetic and potential energy equations. Part b plugs the wave equation into these and derives the dispersion relation. Problem 2 examines atomic vibrations in a metal. Part a derives the equation for the vibration frequency based on electrostatic force. Part b calculates this for sodium atoms. Part c relates frequency, wavelength and velocity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    ENMA650 Homework 4

    Weijian Xian
    Fall 2023

    Problem 1 Monatomic linear lattice


    A longitudinal wave
    us = ucos(ωt − sKa )

    Part a Because the total energy equals to the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles.
    E = EK + EP
    The kinetic energy of a particle: E = 1/2mv 2
    sum over s and the mass of the atoms M:
    X X
    EK = 1/2M v 2 = 1/2M (dus /dt)2
    s s

    C is the interaction constant, the displacement is us − us+1 , using the harmonic oscillator approximation for
    the potential energy => EP =P 1/2C(us − us+1 )2
    sum over s we got EP = 1/2C s (us − us+1 )2
    Hence, X X
    E = 1/2M (dus /dt)2 + 1/2C (us − us+1 )2
    s s

    Part b Plug in us = ucos(ωt − sKa ) for us

    For the Kinetic energy, we have


    X
    EK = 1/2M (dus /dt)2 = 1/2M ω 2 u2 (cos(ωt − sKa ))2
    s

    Because the time average of cos2 x = 1/2


    ===> EK = 1/4M ω 2 u2 For the potential enrygy part, using the trigonometric identity to evaluate the
    us − us+1 and simplify using the time average value for trigonometric function, we have:
    us − us+1 = u2 (1 − cos(Ka))
    Therefore, we have
    E = 1/4M ω 2 u2 + 1/2Cu2 (1 − cos(Ka))
    Using the dispersion relation from the book, we have 1/2Cu2 (1 − cos(Ka)) = 1/4M ω 2 u2
    Therefore,
    E = 1/4M ω 2 u2 + 1/2Cu2 (1 − cos(Ka)) = 1/2M ω 2 u2

    1
    Problem 2 Atomic vibrations in a metal
    Part a Because the electrostatic force

    F = −e2 /r2 ∗ 3/(4πR3 ) ∗ 4πr3 /3 = −e2 r/R3

    Also
    d2 r
    M = −e2 r/R3
    dt2
    Rerange and let k = e2 /R3 , we get p p
    ω= k/M = e2 /(M R3 )

    Part b Using the sodium atom number form the book, I got ω ≈ 1.3 ∗ 1013 Hz

    Part c Because k = 2π/R


    ωR
    ==> velocity = v = ≈ 6.2 ∗ 103 m/s
    2π

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