Review of Related Literature: Local Literature and Studies

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter shows a retrospective presentation of previously written material: research


literature and conceptual that has relevance and significance to the research under considered.

2.1 Local Literature and Studies

(According to Mark Anthony Llego) The presence of the parents in a students academic life

has been helping the students performance to achieve higher grades, develop their skills and

students are inspired in finishing their study. In Philippines, parents support is based on financial,

a study (Asian development bank) found that 22% Filipino parents are present in their child’s

schooling, is compared to regional average of 38%, another study of low-income, 44% Filipino

parents believe that studying is necessary for the students future or success, this point the

importance of communication of the parents in the schooling of their child.

There are possible reasons why it’s poor parental involvement in the Philippines. Lack of

financial support, parents don’t know how to approach, lack of education, lack of time.

Parent involvement in a child’s early education is consistently found to be positively

associated with a child’s academic performance (Hara & Burke, 1998; Hill & Craft, 2003;

Marcon, 1999; Stevenson & Baker, 1987). The academics of those children’s or students whose

parents are present or involved In their schooling are mostly the active academically than the

students with poor parental involvement.

Researchers target the boosting of parental involvement into the kids academic life since

they have noticed the effectiveness or the impact of parental support their student’s success.
Researchers have reported that parent-child interactions, specifically stimulating and responsive

parenting practices, are important influences on a child’s academic development (Christian,

Morrison, & Bryant, 1998; Committee on Early Childhood Pedagogy, 2000).

Overall, the collected local literature demonstrates the value of parental involvement in a

student’s academic performance; most often, they have noted that children with their parents

present are the children who succeed in their academics; consequently, these studies have also

identified the potential causes of poor parental support.

2.2 Foreign Literature and Studies

Parental involvement in students academic has demonstrated to be key factors for

students academic outcomes. There’ve been lack of research in Chile as well as latin America

leaving a gap in literature. Thus the study aims to associate the parents involvement regarding

the students academic achievements.

On an international scale, parental involvement in school has long been heralded as an

important and positive variable on children’s academic and socioemotional development. From

an ecological framework, reciprocal positive interactions between these two key socializing

spheres – families and schools – contribute positively to a child’s socioemotional and cognitive

development (Bronfenbrenner, 1987). Empirical findings have demonstrated a positive

association between parental involvement in education and academic achievement (Pérez

Sánchez et al., 2013; Tárraga et al., 2017), improving children’s self-esteem and their academic

performance (Garbacz et al., 2017) as well as school retention and attendance (Ross, 2016).

Family involvement has also been found to be associated with positive school attachment on the

part of children (Alcalay et al., 2005) as well as positive school climates (Cowan et al., 2012).

Research has also evidenced that programs focused on increasing parental involvement in
education have positive impacts on children, families, and school communities (Jeynes, 2012;

Catalano and Catalano, 2014).

There is also strong support from international research showing the positive influence of

parental involvement over academic achievement, as has been demonstrated in a variety of meta-

analyses across different populations and educational levels (Castro et al., 2015; Jeynes, 2016;

Ma et al., 2016)

(Ahern, M. M. 2017, et al) An important topic in national education programs is

enhancing parental involvement in their children’s education. The study sought to explain the

impact of parental counselling on students’ academic achievement at the secondary level of

school in Dumuria Upazila, Khulna district of Bangladesh. As parental guidance is a significant

predictor of children’s academic success, its goal was to find out how it affected students’

academic achievement. The study’s methodology was based on survey research design. 214

randomly chosen ninth-grade students from the research area’s four secondary schools provided

the data. In accordance with the type of educational institution, field of study, and amount of

study time, the results showed that the students’ mean grade point average was 3.98 and that

there were statistically significant differences in academic achievement between the students.

However, additional More than half of the respondents stated that parental participation, support,

and motivation levels were moderate, but that parental monitoring and supervision levels were

low in the research area. Parental supervision was found to be favorably and significantly

connected with students’ academic achievement by the results of correlation and regression

studies. According to the survey, parents should provide more direction to their kids in order for

them to do better in school and flourish in life.

(Shahinur Akter, 2022 et al) Even though it has been linked to good student

achievements, parental involvement in their children’s education seems to be declining. In


addition to exploring the crucial elements needed for a child to succeed academically, this study

emphasizes the value of parental involvement in their children’s educational development. The

research will provide some strategies for parental involvement that will be extremely beneficial

to each parent, as well as to teachers, school administrators, and the education ministry as a

whole. To gather the data that will be analyzed statistically, the researcher employed concurrent

convergent mixed approaches. The goal of the study was to better understand how parents may

raise their kids to be accepting, motivated learners by focusing on their wellbeing, their parents’

self-efficacy, and their interactions with teachers. Records were gathered. Using surveys and

semi-structured interviews, information was gathered from educators, parents, and students. The

results demonstrated that parental self-efficacy, parent-teacher relationships, the home

environment, and a child’s wellbeing had a significant impact on children’ academic

achievement

(Coleman, James S. 1988.) According to studies, students’ academic success is

influenced not just by their parents’ socioeconomic level, but also by parental involvement in the

educational process. As a result, the study looked at the effect of parental participation in the

relationship between parents’ socioeconomic level and their children’s academic success. The

findings were based on surveys with 120 randomly selected students from Kwaprow Basic

School and 10 and 5 interviews with parents and teachers, respectively, using Walberg’s theory

of educational production as a lens.

The study discovered that parents’ education had little effect on students’ academic

achievement. Parents were failing to assist their children in their academic pursuits, such as

failing to attend Parent-Teacher Association meetings and failing to assist them with homework.

This was primarily due to The parents’ educational level is low. However, with p-values of

0.045, 0.028, 0.041, and 0.036, the study found a statistically significant association between

parental participation, occupation, and family size and pupil academic performance. The study

recommended that Parent-Teacher Associations (PTA) extensively sensitize parents on the need
of involving themselves in their children’s education in order to help them achieve better

academically.

CONCLUSION

Throughout the collection of different studies connected to our research it was found that

the parent involvement in a student education has a great impact on the students Academic

Performance there are detected reasons why poor parental support occur, financial support, don’t

know how to approach, lack of education, and mostly lack of time. Students needs their

guardians support their needs in schooling either it’s finance or moral. There are positive effects

of parents involvement gathered on related literatures states that the outcomes of parental

influence in their students education does a strong impact in improving the students in their

academics, thus there are positive effects, might as well negative impact of poor parental

involvement says that students with poor parental support are those most likely the not active in

their schooling. The related literatures both local and foreign has provided the answer that are

needed in this study.

REFERENCES

Lunenburg & Irby (2002) Literature review on Parental Involvement Parental Involvement :A

key to Educational Success Literature Empire State College

Laura Lara, Mahia Saracostti, Front psychological 2019 Section Development Effects of Parental

Involvement on Children Academic Achievement Volume 10-2019

Mark Anthony Llego , M. A. (2022, September 4). Why Schools Should Encourage Parental

Involvement in Education TeacherPh. Retrieved September, 4, 2022


Shellenbarger, S. (2009). The School Volunteer Jobs that Most Help your Kids. The Wall Street

Journal

Shahinur Akter 2022. Socio-economic Background and Academic Performance of Children’s in

basic schools in Asikuma-Odoben-Brakwa District,

Ghana (Doctoral dissertation). University of Education, Winneba: Winneba

Coleman, James S 1988. Parental Involvement in Municipal Schools in Chile Why do Parents

Choose to get Involved? Ph.D. dissertation, Fordham University Graduate School of Social

Service, New York, NY.

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