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    Chap 10 (Mechanical Waves)

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    fareez fauzi
    This document provides an overview of wave motion, including: 1) Waves can be mechanical (sound waves, waves on a string) or electromagnetic (light, radio waves) and can be transverse (perpendicular to direction of travel) or longitudinal (parallel to direction of travel). 2) Key characteristics of waves include wavelength, frequency, period, amplitude, and speed. The speed of a wave depends on the properties of the medium and can be calculated using formulas. 3) Waves are commonly represented mathematically as sine or cosine functions relating displacement to position and time. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating speed, frequency, and representing waves mathematically.

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    Chap 10 (Mechanical Waves)

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    fareez fauzi
    22 views18 pages
    This document provides an overview of wave motion, including: 1) Waves can be mechanical (sound waves, waves on a string) or electromagnetic (light, radio waves) and can be transverse (perpendicular to direction of travel) or longitudinal (parallel to direction of travel). 2) Key characteristics of waves include wavelength, frequency, period, amplitude, and speed. The speed of a wave depends on the properties of the medium and can be calculated using formulas. 3) Waves are commonly represented mathematically as sine or cosine functions relating displacement to position and time. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating speed, frequency, and representing waves mathematically.

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    CHAP 10 (MECHANICAL WAVES)

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    This document provides an overview of wave motion, including: 1) Waves can be mechanical (sound waves, waves on a string) or electromagnetic (light, radio waves) and can be transverse (perpendicular to direction of travel) or longitudinal (parallel to direction of travel). 2) Key characteristics of waves include wavelength, frequency, period, amplitude, and speed. The speed of a wave depends on the properties of the medium and can be calculated using formulas. 3) Waves are commonly represented mathematically as sine or cosine functions relating displacement to position and time. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating speed, frequency, and representing waves mathematically.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views18 pages

    Chap 10 (Mechanical Waves)

    Uploaded by

    fareez fauzi
    This document provides an overview of wave motion, including: 1) Waves can be mechanical (sound waves, waves on a string) or electromagnetic (light, radio waves) and can be transverse (perpendicular to direction of travel) or longitudinal (parallel to direction of travel). 2) Key characteristics of waves include wavelength, frequency, period, amplitude, and speed. The speed of a wave depends on the properties of the medium and can be calculated using formulas. 3) Waves are commonly represented mathematically as sine or cosine functions relating displacement to position and time. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating speed, frequency, and representing waves mathematically.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 18

    (ENGINEERING SCIENCE II)

    JGB 10603

    WAVE

    PREPARED BY:
    AZZAFEERAH MAHYUDDIN
    (Madam Azza)
    M.Sc B.Sc (Hons) Physics USM
    017-4155459
    INTRODUCTION
    • What is wave?
    Propagation of a disturbance that carries energy and
    momentum away from sources of disturbance.
    • Examples:
    - sea waves
    - the ripples in a pond
    - waves in a very long string
    - the invisible wave traveling on a short guitar string
    as it is plucked.
    Types of wave

    Waves

    Mechanical Electromagnetic
    Sound, wave in string, Sunlight, UV, gamma,
    tsunamis radio, microwaves

    Transverse
    Longitudinal Wave in string, waves Transverse
    sound in guitar, ripples only
    Transverse wave
    • A wave that causes the medium to vibrate at
    right angles to the direction of the wave
    longitudinal wave
    • A wave in which the vibration of the medium is
    parallel to the direction the wave travels
    Remember!
    • A wave doesn’t move the medium…it’s
    just energy traveling through the medium!
    Characteristics of wave
    motion
    • We usually draw a longitudinal wave as a
    transverse wave since it is easier to draw
    Period, T
    Speed of wave
    The wave speed is the speed at which wave crest
    move forward.

    v  f
    T
    v = wave speed
    λ = wavelength
    T = period
    f = frequency
    Unit: ms-1
    Speed of transverse wave
    • The speed of a wave depends on the properties of the
    medium in which it travels.
    • If a wave is traveling in a string of length L and stretched
    with a tension T, the wave speed is given by

    T T
    v 
    m/ L 
    Where T = tension force
    m = mass
    L = length
    µ = linear density of the string
    Speed of longitudinal
    wave
    • For a longitudinal wave traveling down a long solid rod;

    E
    v

    • For a longitudinal wave traveling in a liquid or gas;

    B
    v

    Where E = elastic modulus


    B = bulk modulus
    ρ = density
    Example 1
    A wave whose wavelength is 0.3 m is traveling down a 300 m
    long wire whose total mass is 15 kg. If the wire is under a
    tension of 1000 N, what are the speed and frequency of this
    wave?
    [Ans: 140 m/s, 470 Hz]
    Example 2
    The animal emits a pulse of sound ( a longitudinal wave)
    which, after reflection from objects, is detected by the
    animal. The waves emitted by whales have frequencies of
    200,000 Hz. What is the wavelength of the whale’s wave?
    (Bulk modulus and density of sea water are 2 x 109 N/m2
    and 1.025 x 103 kg/m3)

    [Ans: 7 x 103 m]
    Example 3
    All spiders are very sensitive to vibrations. An orb spider
    will sit at the center of its large, circular web and monitor
    radial threads of vibrations created when an insect lands.
    Assume that these threads are made of silk with a linear
    density of 1 x 10-5 kg/m under tension of 0.4 N. if an insect
    lands in the web 30 cm from the spider, how long will it take
    for the spider to find out?

    [1.5 x 10-3 s]
    MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION OF
    A TRAVELING WAVE
    y  A sin (t  kx)
    or

    y  A cos (t  kx)


    y = vertical displacement
    A = amplitude
     = angular speed,   2f
    t = time
    x = distance of a particular point from the source
    k = wave number, k  2

    Example 4
    The displacement of a vibrating string vs position along a string is
    shown in figure below. The periodic waves on the string have a speed
    of 10 m/s. A and B are two points on the string. Determine
    a) The amplitude and the wavelength
    b) Angular speed and wave number
    c) Write the equation describing the displacement y as a function of
    position x and time t along the string.

    y (m)

    x (m)
    REFERENCE

    AZZAFEERAH MAHYUDDIN
    M.Sc B.Sc (Hons) Physics USM

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