Culus
Culus
Culus
An Introduction to Calculus:
In some ways, Calculus involves taking what you already know a step further.
You know how to find the slope of a line, right? You probably don’t know how to find
the slope of a curve because it’s constantly changing – but Calculus helps us do that.
‘Traditional’ math tells us how to find the slope of a line, and Calculus tells us how to find the slope of a
curve. ‘Traditional’ math tells us how to find the length of a rope pulled taut, but Calculus tells us how to
find the length of a curved rope. ‘Traditional’ math tells us how to find the area of a flat, rectangular roof,
but Calculus tells us how to find the area of a curved dome-shaped roof. Get the idea?
How does Calculus manage to pull this off? Imagine a curve like this:
If you were to zoom in a few times, each part of the curve would kind of look like a line, wouldn’t it? And if
“a few times” wasn’t enough, you could zoom in more. And more. And more. In fact, you could zoom in
nearly an infinite number of times until the curve became enough like a line that you could treat it that way.
“What makes calculus such a fantastic achievement is that it actually zooms in infinitely. In fact, everything
you do in calculus involves infinity in one way or another, because if something is constantly changing, it’s
changing infinitely often from each infinitesimal moment to the next.”
(excerpt taken from http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/84/07645249/0764524984.pdf )
This process – doing something an infinite number of times until the problem becomes figure-out-able – is
the foundation of Calculus. The process is called a “limit” and it’s what we’ll be talking about in our first
month of Calculus together.
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Next year, we will be using the following resource (Version #1 - Calculus (flippedmath.com)).
You have two options to obtain the materials used in AP Calculus.
You can print each Unit yourself as we go through the curriculum, or you can purchase the workbook that
has all of the note-taking guides and practice sheets all together, bound in a very nice book. This book will
be a very great tool to use in future math courses as well.
We have a discount they are giving us to purchase the book. Please either purchase the book OR print
Unit 1 (62 pages) and bring it with you on the first day of school.
AP Calculus AB has 8 units (382 total pages). AP Calculus BC has 10 Units (563 total pages).
Step 4: Print this Summer Packet (pages 3-20, front and back).
Complete it. SHOW ALL WORK in the packet.
This is different than the problems in Steps 1-3 above. This is due in class Tuesday, August 10, 2023.
NO EXCEPTIONS! Work together if needed, use resources, solve EVERY problem!
DO NOT LEAVE ANY BLANK! You are about to be Calculus students!
Be sure to show ALL your work. Credit will not be given for answers not supported by adequate work.
The Summer Packet grade will be entered in the Homework Category in Q1 as 150 points.
Bring THIS PACKET and your workbook or Unit 1 (see above) to class on the first day!
Topics A-G Correctness Score ____ / 57 Topics H-Q Correctness Score ____ / 51
Topics A-G Completeness Score ____ / 21 Topics H-Q Completeness Score ____ / 21
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Name__________________________________________ Student Number______________________
Topic A: Functions
1.) If f ( x ) = 4 x − x , find:
2
3 f ( x + h) − f ( x)
a.) f ( 4 ) − f ( −4 ) b.) f c.)
2 2h
4 3
2.) If V ( r ) = r , find:
3
3 V ( 2r )
a.) V b.) V ( r + 1) − V ( r − 1) c.)
4 V (r )
− x, x0
2
4.) If f ( x ) = x − 1, 0 x 2 , find:
x + 2 − 2, x 2
a.) f ( 0 ) − f ( 2 ) b.) 5 − f ( −4 ) c.) f ( f ( 3) )
3
Topic B: Domain and Range
x−4 1
4.) y = 5.) f ( x ) = 6.) y = 2 x − 9
x 2 − 16 4x − 4x − 3
2
2 x + 14
7.) y = log ( x − 10 ) 8.) y =
x 2 − 49
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Topic C: Graphs of Common Functions
Sketch each of the following as accurately as possible. You will need to be VERY familiar with each of these graphs throughout
the year. You may use a graphing calculator for some of them if you have access to one over the summer. If you plan on renting
a TI calculator and thus do not have one for the summer, I strongly recommend you use try www.desmos.com. There is an app
for Desmos as well that is free that you can install on your phones. Again, these are VERY important graphs to know. Be very
accurate with regards to “open circles” and “closed circles” as those features may not be revealed on a graphing utility.
1. y = x 2. y = x 2
3. y = x 3 4. y = x
5
x
5. y = x 6. y =
x
1 2
7. y = x 3
8. y = x 3
− − − − − − − −
− −
6
11. y = tan x 12. y = cot x
− − − − − − − −
− −
− − − − − − − −
− −
15. y = e x 16. y = ln x
7
1
17. y = 18. y = x
x
1
19. y = 20. y = 2 x
x2
sin x
21. y = 4 − x 2 22. y =
x
−
8
Topic E: Function Transformations
9
Here is a graph of y = f ( x ) :
10
Topic F: Special Factorization
Factor completely.
1.) x3 + 8 2.) x3 − 8 3.) 27 x3 − 125 y 3
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Topic G: Linear Functions
1.) Find the equation of the line in point-slope form, with the given slope, passing through the given point.
1 2 1
a.) m = −7, ( −3, − 7 ) b.) m = − , ( 2, − 8 ) c.) m = , −6,
2 3 3
2.) Find the equation of the line in point-slope form, passing through the given points.
2 1
a.) ( −3, 6 ) , ( −1, 2 ) b.) ( −7, 1) , ( 3, − 4 ) c.) −2, , , 1
3 2
3.) Find the equations of the lines through the given point that are a.) parallel and b.) normal to the given line.
a.) ( 5, − 3) , x + y = 4 b.) ( −6, 2 ) , 5 x + 2 y = 7 c.) ( −3, − 4 ) , y = −2
4.) Find the equation of the line in general form, containing the point ( 4, − 2 ) and parallel to the line containing the
points ( −1, 4 ) and ( 2, 3) .
5.) Find k if the lines 3x − 5 y = 9 and 2 x + ky = 11 are a.) parallel and b.) perpendicular. (2 answers)
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Topic H: Solving Quadratic and Polynomial Equations
1 17
7.) x + = 8.) x3 − 5 x 2 + 5 x − 25 = 0 9.) 2 x 4 − 15 x 3 +18 x 2 = 0
x 4
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Topic I: Asymptotes
For each function, find the equations of both the vertical asymptote(s) and horizontal asymptote (if it exists) and the
location of any holes.
x −1 8 2 x + 16
1.) y = 2.) y = 3.) y =
x+5 x2 x+8
2x2 + 6x x x2 − 5
4.) y = 5.) y = 6.) y =
x2 + 5x + 6 x − 25
2
2 x 2 − 12
x3 x3 + 4 x 10 x + 20
7.) y = 8.) y = 9.) y =
x2 + 4 x3 − 2 x 2 + 4 x − 8 x − 2x2 − 4x + 8
3
1 x
10.) y = − (Hint: Express with a common denominator)
x x+2
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Topic J: Negative and Fractional Exponents
−3 −3
−4 5x3
6.) ( x3 − 1)
−2
4.) 4 5.) 2
x y
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Topic K: Complex Fractions
1
x−
x 1 + x −1 x −1 + y −1
4.) 5.) 6.)
x+
1 1 − x −2 x+ y
x
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Topic M: Adding Fractions and Solving Rational Equations
2 1 1 1
a.) − b.) +
3 x x−3 x+3
5 5 2x −1 3x
c.) − d.) −
2 x 3 x + 15 x −1 2x + 1
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Topic N: Absolute Value Equations
1.) 4 x + 8 = 20 2.) 1 − 7 x = 13
3.) 8 + 2 x + 2 x = 40 4.) 4 x − 5 + 5 x + 2 = 0
3 1
3.) x +1 4.) x + 7 5 − 3x
4 2
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Topic Q: Geometry
1.) You will use each of the following formulas in AP Calculus AB. Complete each of the following.
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Topic Q: Geometry (continued)
Find the area between the x-axis and f (x) from x = 0 to x = 5. Sketch the region to verify.
2.) f ( x) = 4 3.) f ( x) = x 4.) f ( x) = x + 3
x + 1, x 2
5.) f ( x) = 9 − x 2 6.) f ( x) =
5 − x, x 2
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