A PROPOSED OLANGO WILDLIFE CONSERVATION

CENTER AND TOURISM COMPLEX

_______________________________________

A Thesis Proposal

Presented to the

Architecture Department, College of Architecture and Fine Arts

University of San Carlos

Cebu City

_______________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE

By:

Acuña, Charles Anthony

Batoy, Katrine Ann

S.Y. 2016-2017

APPROVAL SHEET
 This thesis/dissertation proposal entitled “A PROPOSED OLANGO WILDLIFE
CONSERVATION CENTER AND TOURISM COMPLEX” submitted by Acuña, Charles
Anthony and Batoy, Katrine Ann for the degree BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
ARCHITECTURE has been examined and approved for PROPOSAL HEARING.

Thesis Committee

Ar. Marc Ruz

Adviser

Ar. Maxcell Migallos Ar. Omar Maxwell Espina

Coordinator Member

Ar.Anne Nacorda Ar. Joseph Michel Espina

Member Member

Ar. Ma. Lizeta Uy

Member

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT AND KEYWORD
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Rationale of the Study

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.2.1 Objectives of the Study

1.3 Significance of the Study

 1.4 Scope and Limitations

1.5 Theoretical Framework

1.6 Conceptual Framework

1.7 Definition of Terms

1.8 Organization of the Study

Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

Chapter 3: Methodology

3.1 Research Environment

3.2 Research Respondents

3.3 Research Instruments

3.4 Research Procedures

3.4.1 Gathering of Data

3.4.2 Treatment of Data

Chapter 4: Presentation and Analysis of Data

4.1 Client and User

4.2 Related Building Laws

4.3 Planning and Design Standards

4.4 Site Criteria and Analysis

4.5 Space Programming

4.5.1 List of Spaces

4.5.2 Space Proximity Matrix

4.5.3 Space Relationship Diagram

4.5.4 Space Programming Sheets

Chapter 5: Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

Bibliography

Appendices

Correspondences

CV

Chapter 6: Proposed Architectural Concept and Solution

CHAPTER 1
Introduction

1.1 Rationale of the Study

Olango Island as the Lapu-lapu City’s new “tourism frontier” and as an ecotourism

destination will help the city stay ahead of this highly competitive tourism market”. Our

study will boost up the tourism of Olango Island on providing an ecotourism complex

and provides enough research facilities for the wildlife sanctuary.

The wildlife conservation center and tourism complex provides a facility that rescues

injured/endangered wild life animals in the island which they will rehabilitate and will be

released back into the wild. It provides research and laboratory facilities for the
researchers. It also provides a Wildlife Interactive Museum and a library for people to

understand more about bird migration patterns and other wild life animals. As for the

tourists, they will also be provided with room accommodations. This is generally a study

intended to provide architectural research, programming, and solutions to conform the

need of the research facility and tourism complex in the island. Another purpose of this

study is to be knowledgeable of the world of wildlife and thoroughly learn and

understand its use.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The researchers aim to design a wildlife sanctuary that will provide architectural
research, programming, and solutions to conform the need of wildlife conservation
facility in Olango Island. What are available in Olango wildlife sanctuary today are only
offices, mangrove planting, and the viewing deck for bird watching. They lack the
medical, research, and training facilities which limits the capability of one’s education
and knowledge about wildlife conservation. What is needed is a proper facility that will
manage rescue operations, rehabilitation, replanting and wildlife conservation. To ensure
the safety of the wildlife sanctuary and its tourists. The aim of this study is to create a
wildlife sanctuary and tourism complex that will teach people about the importance of
wildlife and to promote the conservation of wildlife in Olango Island.
The study seeks to answer the following questions:

 How would the proposal provide spaces for the different types of research facility
needed in terms of achieving a systematic flow of research for the wildlife of Olango
Island?
 How would the facility such as the exhibit hall/museum achieve its goal as to spread
awareness and educate the public on how rich the wildlife biodiversity of Olango
 Island and how can they help protect and conserve these species?
 How would Wildlife Conservation Center attract a large number of both local and
foreign visitors in terms of promoting the province’s and city’s tourism?

1.2.1 Objectives of the Study

The fundamental goal of this study is to provide a facility that would provide

research, education, conservation and recreation for the rich wildlife biodiversity in the

country.

1. Research and Conservation

 To be able to provide spaces for different types of research regarding wildlife
biodiversity.
 To be able to protect the well-being and survival of wildlife species.
 To be able to improve the quality of research by providing spaces such as
laboratories, libraries, and work inspiring spaces.
 To be able to encourage researchers, scientists and marine biologists to expand
their knowledge about wildlife biology.
 To discover new solutions for the preservation and protection of wildlife.
2. Education and Recreation
 To be able to educate the public on how rich the wildlife biodiversity of the
Philippines is and how they could help in protecting these wildlife species.
 To be able to raise awareness of environmental preservation and conservation
through engaging visitors with interesting wildlife-related activities.
 To emphasize learning through entertainment to the public.
 To educate and bring new learning and fun experience to the public and the
community.
3. Touristic
  To entertain tourists with enjoyable spaces,
 To attract local and foreign tourists and providing them spaces which they could
enjoy.
 To attract local and foreign birdwatchers, divers, snorkelers, and scientists to the
centre, thus promoting tourism.

1.3 Significance of the Study

This conservation center will give both foreign and local tourists/volunteers an
opportunity to explore more about the biodiversity of the wildlife in Olango island. They
will be given the proper methods and tools in order for them to participate in wildlife
conservation. The activities that the tourists/volunteers will encounter can greatly help the
wildlife conservation to ensure that the nature will be around for future generations to
enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and
other species alike.
The proposal would have a facility that provides research center and a medical aid
that could benefit both researchers and other wildlife animals in Olango. This would
mean a faster response in emergency cases and an extended research for biologists and
students. Moreover, this will promote awareness to everyone that wildlife is very
essential for our survival.

1.4 Scope and Limitations

The scope of this proposal is mainly focused on designing and planning a educational
facilities, research facilities concentrating on research about wildlife biodiversity and a
ecotourism complex that can cater the growing population of tourists within the area
along with the different activities that are being held on the wildlife sanctuary.
The presentation of the study will outline the basic information of the existing
conditions, physical and socio-economic profile, issues and problems of the study area.
Primarily, the study is conducted to determine the need to provide a wildlife conservation
center and tourism complex.
 The proposed Olango Wildlife Park and Ecotourism Complex shall contain four
sections respectively.
a. The Administrative Section – this area will serve as a control area that
controls the whole facility and is responsible for the supervision of all the
activities,
b. The Research Centre – this area will be used for research and
experimentations and will focus on the following areas of research
respectively:
The areas of researches will include:
c. The Wildlife Exhibits/ Educational and Entertainment Centre –this area
will serve as the centre for public awareness and education that will features a
exhibits that will display different migrating birds and wildlife biodiversity
that could provide relevant information for the locals and visitors.
d. Ecotourism Complex – this area will serve as an attraction for the local and
foreign tourist that provides room accommodation and enjoyable spaces for
activities.
This study will only focus on the Architectural interpretation of the said spaces
and considerations with structural concepts and utility design concepts but will
not go further into tackling the budgets and economics side of the study or the
proposal.

1.5 Theoretical Framework

1.6 Conceptual Framework
1.7 Definition of Terms

Wildlife - It refers to undomesticated animal species, but has come to include all plants,

fungi, and other organisms that grow or live wild in an area without being introduced by

humans.

Wildlife Sanctuary – a place of refuge where abused, injured, and abandoned captive
wildlife may live in peace and dignity for the remainder of their lives.

Wildlife Education – Providing studies regarding wildlife biodiversity and teaching

them to the public and fellow researchers. Conducted to raise awareness for the

preservation of wildlife.

Wildlife Exhibit – A place or centre in which newly required knowledge will be exposed

to the public in order to give awareness and a potential tourist destination.

Biodiversity-refers to the variety of life on Earth at all its levels, from genes to

ecosystems, and the ecological and evolutionary processes that sustain it.

Wetlands – a place where the land is covered by water, either salt, fresh or somewhere in

between.

Mangroves - These are shrubs or small trees that grow in coastal saline or brackish water.

They are salt tolerant trees, also called halophytes, and are adapted to life in harsh coastal

conditions.

Conservation - An act of preserving, guarding, or protecting.

Ornithology - It is a branch of zoology that concerns the study of birds.

Tourism Complex- an area developed as a base for tourism where tourist facilities are

established comprehensively for various purposes of tourism and relaxation.

Ecotourism - tourism directed toward exotic, often threatened, natural environments,

especially to support conservation efforts and observe wildlife.

1.8 Organization of the Study

Chapter 1

This chapter will be about the history and the significance of the proposed thesis. It will
also inform the respondents on what the problem of the thesis is and why this thesis is

proposed and the following terms that will be used in further parts of this research.

Chapter 2

This chapter will inform the respondents of the existing literature and references about

the topic. It will also inform them of the standard rules and regulations of the thesis topic

and as well as our approach to the problem.

Chapter 3

This chapter will inform the respondents about the research methodologies applied in

gathering data for this thesis.

Chapter 4

This chapter will inform the respondents of the results of the three previous chapters.

Here will be the results of the gathered data in our research.

Chapter 5

This chapter will inform the respondents on how we approach and analyze the given

problem in a much more detailed way. This is the chapter where we break down the

different data and analyze them briefly through applied theories. This chapter includes

schemes and diagrams for detailed analysis.

CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature

The following studies and projects are the materials that the proponents deemed

useful in the process of leading the study into a suitable and fruitful work.

2.1 The Importance of Wildlife: Human Survival Depends on it

By: Brittani Sponaugle

 Traditionally speaking wildlife encompasses all non-domesticated animals like

birds, fox, bison, frogs, coyotes and so on. However, the term wildlife has come to

envelope all kinds of undomesticated life from microorganisms to vegetation and fungi

as well. The scope of wildlife is vast and there is no possible way to discuss the

importance of each contributor to the ecological system as a whole in this article. The

most important lesson to take away from this is that without wildlife – human life

would not exist.

Ecology

Broadly speaking, ecology is the study of environmental systems and everything

that resides within those environments. Ecology is particularly focused on how

organisms living within an ecosystem interact with the living and non-living

environment that surrounds them. An ecosystem is a community of natural bodies that

live and work together in an interconnected web for survival. The best way to think

about this is the food chain. In school we’re taught about how the lion eats the hyena,

the hyena eats the coyote, the coyote eats rabbits, the rabbit eats vegetation and small

insects and microorganisms eat vegetation – all of which require oxygen or sun to

survive and all of which share a localized environment, or ecosystem. Each variable is

interdependent on the other to continue the life cycle. It’s this circle of life that

maintains the three areas of study within ecology which are

populations, ecosystems and communities.

 Population ecology - It focuses on the variable amount of wildlife within an

ecosystem and the distribution of that population. An example of this would be the

study of Northern Pike in Colorado rivers and lakes. Northern Pike in Colorado are
 considered invasive which means they are non-native and threaten native

organisms. It’s their population and distribution (organically or introduced) that is

the focus of population ecologists. Because of their aggressive nature and size,

these pike don’t have many natural predators in their non-native water sources.

However, they are the predators who deplete certain water sources of other organic

aquatic life. This decreases biodiversity which decreases the stability of the

ecosystem (community).

 Ecosystem ecology - It is the general study of all living things in a defined

environmental community (desert, arctic tundra, rain forest, ocean and so on) and

it’s interaction with the abiotic, or non-living, environment.

 Community ecology - It focuses on both ecosystems and populations, combined.

The Northern Pike example is quite applicable here. High abundance of pike

equates to a low biodiversity in the lake ecosystem which contributes to an

increased dissolved oxygen (DO) prevalence which ultimately affects the livability

of the lake for other aquatic life and can result in an eventual “dead zone” or water

source eutrophication.

How are we involved?

We, humans are very dependent on wildlife. Here are some reasons why we are

very dependent on wildlife:

 The clothes we wear come from cotton, hemp or other plant fibers that are

manufactured into wearable items. In ancient days, and still occasionally, clothes

are crafted from the hide and fur of animals. Using plants for material is a

sustainable practice. Cropping plants encourages new growth and new growth
 means availability of this resource.

 The food we eat, obviously, comes from animals and plants. If there was no one

to eat eggs from chickens, all of those eggs could potentially hatch. If all of

those eggs hatched, we’d have a serious chicken infestation on our hands. With

that many chickens there needs to be an increase in natural predators to maintain

the population, or an increase in human consumption. An abundance of any one

animal can cause an imbalance in an ecosystem which can affect the

environment at the global level.

 The houses we build and live in are often constructed using wildlife resources

like wood from trees. Many cultures around the world once constructed their

houses using other natural resources like animal bones for tools, soil

compositions for clay structures, and plant elements for shelter.

 The paper we write and print on comes from trees and other plant fibers.

Remember to recycle because the more paper we use, the more deforestation

occurs and the more this affects certain ecosystems.

 The air we breathe would be toxic if it weren’t for plant photosynthesis of

which oxygen is a by-product. Phytoplankton play a huge role in eliminating

carbon from our atmosphere and contributing to the dissolved oxygen levels of

water. They are also considered a direct contributor to global warming and

changes in atmospheric conditions.

 Civilizations world-wide have been using plants for medicine since the

beginning of time. Mushrooms also have soil restoration capabilities when

 nutrients are deficient and contaminants prevalent.

Our environment promotes incredible biodiversity, and it’s this biodiversity that

contributes directly to the sustainability of all life on the planet. All life on the planet is

interdependent. Every organism has a role that it plays in the bigger picture of life.

2.3 Architectural Programming and Predesign Manager

This book was written by Robert G. Hershberger and it talks about programming as

the very first step in designing any architectural project. The process of programming was

thoroughly explained and certain issues were identified.

 Environmental Issues

- Site

- Climate

- Context

 Human Issues

- Functional activities to be housed

- Social relationships to be maintained

- Psychological characteristics and needs of the users

 - Physical needs and characteristics of the users

2.3 Hong Kong Wetland Park

Link: http://www.nextstophongkong.com/hong-kong-wetland-park/

Hongkong Wetland Park is a conservation, education and tourism facility. It

comprises a 10,000 square metre (110,00 sq ft) visitor centre. Wetland Interactive

World, and a 60-hectare (150 acre) Wetland Reserve. The Wetland Interactive World has

themed exhibition galleries, a theatre, a souvenir shop, an indoor play area (swamp

adventure) and a resource centre.

Facilities

Themed exhibition galleries with floor areas ranging from 250 to 1,200 square

metres (2,700 to 12,900 sq ft) showcase the importance of wetland

on biodiversity, civilization and conservation. Visitors can learn more about the native

flora and fauna of Hong Kong through the animals and models displayed in the Living

Wetland Gallery.

The Wetland Reserve consists of re-created habitats designed for water fowls and
other wildlife. The Wetland Discovery Centre, located in the Wetland Reserve, provides

visitors more hands-on experience on local wetlands. Other facilities include Stream

Walk, Succession Walk, Mangrove Boardwalk and three bird hides situated next to the

fish pond, mudflat and riverside.

2.4 BIRD HIDES

Link:http://birdlife.org.au/images/uploads/education_sheets/INFO-bird-hides-sm.pdf

The Purpose of Hides

The primary purpose of a hide is to enable the observer to get closer to his objective

than could otherwise have been achieved, and to allow observation of bird or other

animal behaviour over a period of time without alarming the subject. It is therefore

necessary for the observer to blend in with the environment as much as possible. Hides

are concerned with more than keeping the observer out of sight of the observed; it is

equally important that the birds or animals are not alarmed by sounds such as voices,

shuffling of the observers, the motor film feed of a camera or flapping of fabric

coverings. A telescope will assist viewing from a greater distance.

By far the greatest use for a hide is to provide a facility where the general public is

encouraged to view nature on a more or less casual basis in a way which least disturbs the

animals or birds. This will almost certainly call for some degree of viewer management.

Different kind of Bird Hides:

Permanent hides

Ground-level hides

Elevated hides

Pit hides
‘Vulture restaurants’ or feeding stations

Temporary hides

Photographic hides

Elevated hides

Mobile hides : Vehicle-hides; Boat-hides;

Unusual hides, Hot-air balloons.

A
checklist for hide design

A checklist for hide design For those who may be involved in the design of hides, the

following checklist gives many alternatives which should be considered during the design

process. The list is not intended to be exhaustive.

CHAPTER 3
Methodology
3.1 Research Environment

Olango Island is located in the Central Visayan region in Cebu Province. The island

lies 5 km west of Mactan Island, a major tourist destination in Cebu. It has 20,000 human

residents with 1,014 hectares of land. The island is virtually flat and surrounded by

mangroves, seagrass beds and offshore coral reefs. it is known for its 920-hectare

Wildlife Sanctuary that serves as flyways in the world of migrating birds.

The proposed site is located at the Olango Wildlife Sanctuary that is near the coastal

area of the island. The site is rich with wildlife biodiversity that will hopefully be

developed to promote tourism in the island.

3.2 Research Respondents

The respondents of the proposed research are the local citizens of the island. These

people are the ones who are more knowledgeable around the island and they are the ones

who are more aware of the activities surrounding the island.

3.3 Research Instruments

To make the research study successful researchers used different kind of instruments

in gathering and analyzing information. The researchers used books as one of the

references to acquire enough data for building codes, design standards and provisions.

They also used electronic gadgets like computer, laptops and smart phones to access the

internet for information and communication.

3.4 Research Procedures

3.4.1 Gathering of Data

INTERNET RESEARCH
 The researchers gathered information through using the internet to search for

similar wildlife facility within the Philippines. Due to the lack of these facilities in the

country, the researchers also research a similar wildlife facility outside the Philippines.

LIBRARY RESEARCH

The researchers gathered information and inspirations through the architectural books and

magazines that are usually found in the library. Through this method the researchers were

able to determine the different provisions and policies that will be applied in our study.

INTERVIEW

The researchers were able to acquire information and data through interviewing

members of Olango Wildlife Sanctuary and Department of Environment and Natural

Resources (DENR). They were able to further understand the needs and requirements

that are essential in designing a functional facility.

3.4.2 Treatment of Data

After gathering the data needed, the following were done by the researchers:

 Thorough analysis of the gathered data and information

 Take into consideration the building codes, standards of design and planning, and

regulations that are related to this study

 To further develop the data gathered, schematic diagrams and preliminary drawings

and sketches were done

 After the preliminary drawings have been approved, the next step was to make the

working architectural drawings

CHAPTER 4
Presentation and Analysis of Data

4.1 Client and User

4.1.1Client

1. World Wide Fund (WWF) – Philippines

BACKGROUND

World Wildlife Fund-Philippines became the 26th national organization of WWF

network. WWF-Philippines, also known as Kabang Kalikasan ng Pilipinas (KKP), has

been working as a national organization of the WWF network since 1997. The

organization's conservation program places strong marine emphasis in the conservation of

species and habitats and utilizes highly integrative and participatory approaches to find

solutions that work for the environment and for the people that live in and depend on it.

VISION

A Philippines where globally-significant biodiversity is properly protected and

harnessed to sustain life for all and where species, habitats and resources from part of a

unique heritage that every Filipino is proud of. WWF champions conservation in areas

where biodiversity matters most.

MISSION
 WWF-Philippines mission is to stop and eventually reverse the accelerating

degradation of the Philippine environment – to build a future where Filipinos live in

harmony with nature.

2. Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Foundation

BACKGROUNDS

The Philippines Biodiversity Conservation Programme

(PBCP) is the first kind in the Phillipines ; initiated in the early

1990s with specific species conservation programmes, it is now

managed by the Philippines Biodiversity Conservation Foundation (PBCFI)

VISION

The long-term conservation of the Philippines’ native and endemic wildlife and

natural habitats for the benefit of future generations of all peoples who may inhabit and

share the natural resources of the country.

MISSION

To enhance and enable the conservation of the Philippines’ unique and threatened

environment, biodiversity and natural resources into perpetuity, through the establishment

of integrated biodiversity conservation and development programs particularly

conservation breeding, that include dissemination of knowledge, management practices

and the active participation and collaboration of relevant stakeholders, particularly those

who are dependent upon the natural resources of the region.

Goals of the Foundation

 Conduct research on globally important species

 Implement site and habitat conservation programmes

 Produce a viable population of captive-bred endemic and threatened species

for release in suitable habitats:

a. Prepare suitable sites for reintroduction

b. Upgrade and keep setting international standards for conservation breeding

facilities

 Establish international standards for conservation breeding and botanical

gardens

 Mobilize necessary support and resources

 Incubate new experts and develop capacity of partner organizations

 Produce and raise the standards of conservation communication

4.1.2 Users

User Profile

In this section, the researcher is describing the users according to their respective roles in

the study and how they can affect the proceedings of the proposed development.

Primary Users

a) Residents - The local residents, people who are native in the town or are not but

have lived most of their lives in the municipality, are the primary users of the

development since they are the direct residents. They are the core target that will

benefit from the different improvements that the town is planning.

b) Guests - Tourists/Visitors who wish to stay a day or two on the island’s wildlife

sanctuary. The accommodations and facilities will give them the chance to connect

with nature once again.

c) Students - Students from different academe and schools who visit the facility for

both educational and entertainment purposes.

d) Volunteers - Compromises of both local and foreign volunteers who are interested in

participating in wildlife conservation to campaign for the conservation of wildlife.

e) Researchers - Scientists, students, biologists and other related field who conducts

study and take long-term / short-term observations in the facility to expand their

knowledge and research about the biodiversity of Olango Islands wildlife.

f) Educators - Instructors from different institutions who visit the complex for

educational purposes.

g) Tourists - Both local and foreign visitors who visit the facility to enjoy the exhibit

and to learn more about wildlife conservation.

h) Ornithologist -Someone who is a professional that studies every aspect of birds,

including bird songs, flight patterns, physical appearance and migration patterns.

i) Marine Biologist - Professionals involved in the studying, observing, or managing

marine organisms may they be microorganisms, plants or animals. They supervise

the entire marine research laboratories.

j) Zoologists and research Staff - They are professionals who conduct studies of

multiple species in a certain ecosystem, population interactions, and specific species

or behaviors. They collect and analyze date in laboratories or outdoor environments.

Secondary Users

a) Curator - A person who acts as the administrator of the exhibit who coordinates with

every head biologists in developing educational programs for the facility.

b) Aquarist - A person who specializes in animal care especially for marine life. They

are also responsible for the supervision of preparation of food for feeding the animals

and supervises the maintenance of the aquarium and presentation of clean exhibits.

c) Aviculturist - Someone who specializes animal care especially for birds. They keep

and breed birds and the culture that forms around it. Aviculturist is also responsible

for preserving avian habitat, and public awareness campaigns.

d) Tour Guide - Usually locals of the island guide tourists along the mangrove forest,

bird sanctuary, and fish sanctuary. Most guides will be consisted of the locals so that

it could provide livelihood to those who have none.

e) Maintenance - These people are responsible for the maintenance of the display

tanks, bird cages, exhibits, equipment inside the facility.

f) Technicians / Operators - Technical professionals who are in charge in making sure

the utilities in the facility are in pristine condition and hazard free.

4.2 Related Building Laws

4.3 Planning and Design Standards

4.3.1 Design Criteria and Considerations

General

 All designs are based on concepts and being applied to the design.

 All provisions, standards, building type, and requirements that are being considered
 are based on the provisions and laws such as the National Building Code, DENR

Administrative Order, Accessibility Law and City ordinances.

Planning

 Space planning should render comfort and convenience to its users

 Functional requirements should be considered to accomplish systematic flow on

research

 Movement and circulation should be simple and effective for instances for sudden

large concentration of people.

Exhibit Hall/Museum

 Materials to be used must follow the standards of DENR Administrative Order

 Flow of movement and circulation of people within the area should be planned

carefully especially for sudden large groups of people.

 Sun shading devices will be provided to avoid unnecessary heat and glare inside the

building

 Environment of birds and marine animals should be made as natural as possible.

Laboratories

 Office should be separated from the laboratories

 Spaces should be very flexible to accommodate different types of research especially

for temporary studies.

 Lab-based research programs should at least have 300ft2 of wet or dry laboratory and

an additional 300ft2 for laboratory groups with increased needs for equipment space,

personnel workstation, etc.

 Field-based research programs should have ample storage space for field equipment
 wheter used in research and/or field courses.

 Lab space allocated to researchers with specific laboratory requirements.

 Storage of seedlings of the different kind of mangrove specie should be provided for

easy access and replanting.

 Spaces should be accessible to accommodate expansion at any given time.

 Shall be provided with fire protection and safety.

 Laboratory flooring in chemical use areas and other high hazard areas shall be

chemically resistant.

 It shall provide viewing areas into labs from the corridor or in the doors for

educational purposes.

 Furniture inside the laboratory such as tables and chair shall be treated with special

materials.

Operations Area

 Breeding room shall be made as natural as possible and to receive two kinds of

specie of different sex, mostly likely those endangered birds.

 Holding tanks are to be provided to receive new specimen for quarantine.

 Work area should be about 3ft. Higher than public floor dedicated by the height of

the average visitor looking into the center of the viewing glass.

 Work area and public area must be well separated.

 Storage space for tools, nets, chemicals, etc. Should be provided

4.4 Site Criteria and Analysis

4.4.1 Site Conditions

A. Location

Olango Island is located of Mactan Island in the province of Cebu, Philippines. It lies

between latitudes 10 deg.., 13 minutes and 10 deg., 16 minutes North and between

longitudes 124 def., 2 minutes and 124 deg., 4 minutes East. The island is bordered by

four bodies of water: the Cebu Strait in the South, Olango Channel in the East, Camotes
Sea in the North, and Gilutongan Channel in the west. Olango Island is part of the group

of islands/islets known as the olango island group composed of Olango, Camungi,

Pangang-an, Caohangan, Gilutungan and Sulpa. The Olango Wildlife Sanctuary lies on

the southern shores of Olango Island.

B. Access

The province of Cebu can be reached from Manila via Mactan by airplane

or via Cebu City by boat. From Mactan, Olango Island can be reached by taking

private or public land transport to the motorboat docking station in Maribago,

Dapdap or Buot. From Maribago, Dapdap or Buot, a motorboat leaves every hour

for Poo, Sta. Rosa, and Baring, or Tingo, on Olango Island. The Olango Wildlife

Sanctuary can be reached by tricycle or on foot, Travel by public transport from

Cebu City by bus to the Lapu-Lapu City bus terminal, where tricycles can take

Olango-Bound passengers to the motorboat docking station in Maribago, Dapdap

or Buot. The straight-line distance from Maribago to Sta. Rosa proper in an east-

southeast direction is approximately 5 km.

C. General Description

The island has an area of approximately 1.041 h.a.. It is 3km across at its

widest point and 7.5 km long. It is generally flat with no portions of the island

reaching an elevation of more than 10m above sea level. Its rock base is coralline

limestone and littoral flats with thin sand or silt substrate or exposed rock base. It
 extends up to the fringing foul ground where seagrasses , algae, and coral polyps

dominate. Mangrove forests and coconut groves also occur on the island.

Its wildlife sanctuary has an area of approximately 1,120 h.a. with a large

intertidal area, forming a veneer up to 20cm deep, over a hard substrate of coralline

limestone. The lower shore consists of soft sandy mud of p to 10cm deep. The middle

shore level is covered with shallower sand substrate while upper shore level is also

covered with sand but with mangrove shrubland and low woodland growths.

D. Climate

The island has s hot and humid climate with temperatures ranging from 26 deg.

To 33 deg. The rainy season is from June to January, with the heaviest rainfall in

November and December. The dry season is from February to May.

E. Geology

Olango Island and the surrounding small islets are raised coral reefs nestled atop a

bigger coral reef east of Mactan Island. The island is composed of two (2) lithologic

units, the Pilo-Pleistocene Carcar Formation and the Quarterhary Alluvium, the

youngest lithologic unit.

Carcar Formation is typically a porous coralline limestone. It is characterized by

small sinkholes, pitted grooves and branching of pinnacles, which is suggestive of an in-

situ deposition. It is composed mostly of shell, algae and other carbonate materials.

Macro and micro fossils are abundant in this formation. The alluvium occupies mostly

the coastal areas of the island. The so-called “tidal”, the 1,120 hectares wildlife sanctuary,

is overlain by this formation. It is composed mostly of calcareous sand derived from the

weathering of the limestone.

F. Hydrology

Fresh water wells are unsanitary open wells and restricted to the center of the island.

Water from public wells is not enough to support the daily needs of the people, thus many

residents settle for brackish water as drinking water as drinking water. Those who can

afford it, buy fresh water from vendors, while those who cannot walk to the source and

carry water home.

G. Soil/Substrates

Soils of Olango Island has not been classified. However, nearby Mactan Island,

which has a similar Carcar limestone base has both blackish Faraon Clay and reddish

Bolinao Clay.

H. Views

On the site, the wetland, the sea and the mangroves are the views. The place is best

for enjoying sunsets and sunrise. The place can be enjoyed with its clear water and white

sand. Overall the site is surrounded by natural views.

I. Power

Electricity Electric power is supplied by the National Power Corporation

(NAPOCOR) and is distributed by the Mactan Electric Company (MECO). There are 2

generators encased in 1 powerhouse that was built by NAPOCOR in 1994 for Olango

Island. Construction is underway for housing another generator. In 1997, the total number

of households with electricity was 555, Barangay Santa Rosa had the most number of

households served (Table 4.10). Electricity in Olango Island is available for 12 hours only

from 12:00 noon to 12:00 midnight; in the satellite islets, generators or kerosene lamps

are used for lighting. Recently, in Panganan Island, a solar-powered generator using 1,000
m2 of solar panels, was completed under a Belgium-funded project making Pangan-an

the first island in the Philippines powered solely by solar energy.

J. Land Use

Most of the island’s arable area is planted with coconut, corn, horse radish, giant ipil-

ipil and cassava; coastal areas are used for offshore fishing and harvesting of some edible

seashells and seaweeds. Portions of the mangrove and adjacent intertidal areas are used as

docking sites for outrigger boats.

K. Infrastructures

Olango Island has an existing sea port which is located in barangay Sta. Rosa. All

barangays are connected by a dirt road. Residential buildings, resorts and accommodation

and other natural destination are present in the island.

L. ZONING (Olango Wildlife Sanctuary)
4.4.1 SITE ANALYSIS

4.4.2 SWOT ANALYSIS

A SWOT Analysis was carried out considering the site, existing resources and future

potential. The Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats were separately listed

and weighed against each other.

STRENGTHS:

 Existing site is flat which makes it easy and flexible.

 The site is isolated from crowded area.

 Accessible to all kinds of vehicles.

  Located at the Wildlife Sanctuary which is rich with natural views/attraction.

WEAKNESS

 The site is too far from the city. It may be hard and would take too much

travel time.

 Typhoons, natural calamities and maximum rainfall would cause less tours,

cancelled operations and destruction of materials.

 Climate of the site may caused big problems for the proposed structure.

 The road going to the site are not fully developed.

OPPORTUNITIES:

 Rich with natural attractions and can be developed as the next tourist

destination.

 Proper landscape, zoning of buildings and site development could be carried

out due to good conditions of the site.

 This would create a big opportunity to raise the tourism economy in this part

of the town.

THREATS:

 Natural calamities are major threats.

 When it’s low tide the sea level rises to 1 meter.

 4.5 Space Programming

4.5.1 List of Spaces

The proposal, Wildlife Conservation Center and Tourism Complex should contain mainly

of laboratories with experimental studies that are integrated with recreational and

educational environment of further functions such as the library, exhibit halls, aviary,

aquarium, and showrooms. It will also provide room accommodations for visitors who

wish to prolong their stay in the Sanctuary. Thus the whole facility is mainly divided into

three zones:

1.Administrative Department

2.Public Spaces

3.Gallery/Exhibition Area

4.Research Department

5.Maintenance and Utility Zone

Space Requirements

1. Administrative Department

This particular area will serve as the control area. This section controls the whole facility

and is responsible for the supervision of all the activities within the facility.

DESIGN NO. OF
SPACE FUNCTION CRITERA USERS AREA
CONSIDERATIONS USERS
Receiving Lounge -Serves as the receiving area
 and lounging area for the
administrative staff and
visitors
Director’s Office -The main office of the head
Director of the administrative
department
Clerical Area -Area for clerical assistant and
staff of the administrative
department
Conference Room -Space used for meetings
File & Record Area -Storage for filing important
documents
Human Resource -Provides a space for HR
Division personnel
Information -Space that provides for
Directors Office storing, processing, and
retrieving information for
dissemination at regular
intervals, on demand or
selectively, according to
express needs of users
Accounting and -Work space where
Finance Office accounting and financial work
are held
Storage -Storage of equipment and
other
Toilets -Comfort rooms for male, -Proper lighting and
female and PWDs’ ventilation
-Privacy for the users
-Safety and security

2. Public Spaces

This area provides common spaces that are used by users.

DESIGN NO. OF
SPACE FUNCTION CRITERA USERS AREA
CONSIDERATIONS USERS
Main Lobby -Serves as an entry way from -Spacious
the outside -Security personnel can
observe all entry points
-Utilize natural lighting
and ventilation
Ticketing Booth -A space where tickets for the
park tour are being sold
Souvenir Shop -Souvenirs and gift items are
sold to give the visitors a
piece of remembrance from
the wetland park experience
Cafe/Restaurant -A proper dining area for the
visitors of the park
Information Center -Acts as an information booth
to provide asked information
and questions by the visitors
of the facility.
Lounge -Space that provides sofas and
relaxable seating furniture for
visitors.
Public Toilets -Separate common toilets for
male, female and PWDs’
Auditorium -A space that hosts convention
meetings and seminars for
research groups or tourists.
Audio and video presentations
are held here as well.
Function Room -Flexible space for hosting
different kinds of social event

3. Gallery/Exhibition Area

This area will serve as the center for public awareness and education. This center will

feature a wildlife gallery that consists of bird replicas, different type of wetlands, etc.

That could provide relevant information to visitors regarding wildlife.

DESIGN NO. OF
SPACE FUNCTION CRITERA USERS AREA
CONSIDERATIONS USERS
Living Wetland -This space is used to
showcase the different kinds
of wetlands throughout the
world from the poles to the
tropics.
Bird Replicas -A space where visitors are
confronted with life size
replicas of birds of different
species.
Exhibition Area -It is where exhibits and
photographs illustrate the
richness of our wildlife.
Interactive materials are
available for further
preservation knowledge and
learning.
 4. Research Department

This area is allotted for research and experimentation. Management and documentation of

wildlife researches and monitoring efforts will be held here. Ornithologists and other

researchers would be held responsible for the supervision and management of the areas

inside this department.

DESIGN NO. OF
SPACE FUNCTION CRITERA USERS AREA
CONSIDERATIONS USERS
Laboratories -Provides a controlled space
in which scientific research,
experiments and observation
are being held
Preparation Lab -Preparation of experimental
studies will be held in this lab
before entering and bringing
them into specific and
assigned laboratories within
the research center
Wet Lab -Used for analysis of biopsy
samples involving liquid
solutions
Dry Lab -Used for all other analysis
like histology, anatomy,
general biology, and other
fields of research to be
conducted
Genetic Chem Lab -Used for genetic and other
analysis like hormones and
spectrometry that require
higher safety and sterile
 location.
Necropsy Area -Area used for the
examination and autopsy of
dead wildlife animals to
determine their cause of death
or changes producted by the
disease.
X-Ray Area -Used for two and three
dimensional visualization of
internal structure for research
topics
Equipment Lab -A space where all equipment
Room can be stored and build
controlled temperature and
humidity mould and dust
filters
Sterilizing Room -Serves as the sanitizing room
where researchers would
sterilize and clean themselves
before entering and leaving
such laboratories.
Freezers -Used to store animal samples
to preserve and prevent quick
decay.
Storage Area -To store samples that are
preserved in Formalin or other
volatile chemical
preservatives. Researchers can
use this room for temporary
storage of their samples.
Mini Library -Serves as the record room for
keeping and data collection.
Conference Room -Used for small gatherings of
the users with room amenities
for audio and visual
presentations.
Offices -Work space for researchers
Accommodation -Used for researchers who
Spaces have

5. Maintenance and Utility Zone

DESIGN NO. OF
SPACE FUNCTION CRITERA USERS AREA
CONSIDERATIONS USERS
Mechanical Room -Used for storing mechanical
equipment
Electrical Room -Provides the space that
distributes electricity to the
facility
Water Quality Test -This room will conduct tests
room procedures required for the
observation of proper salinity.
Storage Room -Used to store equipment and
 other tools necessary for the
proper organization of the
facility equipment.
Janitors Closet -Small area used to store the
materials/tools of the janitor
Maintenance Office -Work space for the
maintenance staff

CHAPTER 5
Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

Bibliography

Appendices

Correspondences

CV