FOUNDATION STRUCTURES

ASSIGNMENT 1:
Design of a crane footing

Bilal Darwish
ID: Q268164

4-November -2021
for my passport number is: Q268164, the loads are like this
Horizontal Load: H = 35 +2 = 37 KN – Variable Load from crane
Moment: M = 1100 + 26 = 1126 KN.m – Variable Load from crane
Vertical Action: V = 190 + 2 = 192 KN – Variable Load from crane
Using Design Approach 2 safety factors

𝐷. 𝐴 − 2 = 𝐴1 + 𝑀1 + 𝑅2

𝛾𝐹 : 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 #1 − − − 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐸𝑁 1997 − 1 − 𝐴𝑁𝑁𝐸𝑋 𝐴. 3 − 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐴. 1 𝑜𝑟 𝐴. 3

𝛾𝑅 : 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 #1 − − − 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐸𝑁 1997 − 1 − 𝐴𝑁𝑁𝐸𝑋 𝐴. 3 − 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐴. 5
𝛾𝑀 : 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 1
❖ Check the overturning:
→ Verification of static equilibrium ULS(EQU) Should be confirmed:
𝐸𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡,𝑑 ≤ 𝐸𝑠𝑡,𝑑 + 𝑇𝑑

𝐸𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡,𝑑 : 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡.

𝐸𝑠𝑡,𝑑 : 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔

𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡.
𝑇𝑑 : 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐼𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑇𝑑 = 0.
Partial Factors for the Equilibrium Limit State Verification are:
𝛾𝐹 : 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐸𝑁 1997 − 1 − 𝐴𝑁𝑁𝐸𝑋 𝐴. 3 − 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐴. 1
Variable Horizontal Load: 𝐻𝑘 = 37𝐾𝑁 − −𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡 − −𝐻𝑑 = 1.5 ∗ 37 = 55.5𝐾𝑁
Variable overturning moment: 𝑀𝑘 = 1126𝐾𝑁 − −𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡 − −𝑀𝑑 = 1.5 ∗ 1126 = 1689𝐾𝑁
Variable Vertical load: 𝑉𝑘 = 192𝐾𝑁 − −𝑆𝑡 − −𝑉𝑑 = 0 ∗ 192 = 0 𝐾𝑁
Self-weight of the footing: (𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡)𝐺𝑘 − 𝑆𝑡 − −𝛾𝐹 = 0.9 𝐾𝑁
 ❖ Overturning check calculation:
- To design a rigid footing, the thickness h> (v/2) Bcrane

𝐿−𝐵𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝐿−1
Where 𝑣 = =
2 2

𝑭𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕 𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝒉 = 𝟏
L
- then calculate the overturning moment:
𝐸𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡,𝑑 = 𝑀𝑂𝑇 = 𝑀𝑑 + (𝐻𝑑 ∗ ℎ) = 1689 + 55.5 ∗ (𝟏) = 1744.5 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
Calculate the resisting / stabilized moment:
𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 ∶ 𝑆𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝐺𝑑 = 0.9 ∗ (25 ∗ 1 ∗ 𝐿2 )
𝐺𝑑 = 22.5𝐿2
𝐿
𝐸𝑠𝑡,𝑑 = 𝑀𝑆𝑇 = 0 + (22.5𝐿2 ) ∗ = 11.25 𝐿3
2
An overturning safety factor of 1.5 will be used then:
𝑀𝑆𝑇
𝑂. 𝑆. 𝐹 = 1.5 = → 11.25𝐿3 = 1744.5 ∗ 1.5 = 2616.75
𝑀𝑂𝑇
𝐿3 = 232.6 → 𝐿 = 6.15𝑚
By solving this equation, we get:
𝐵 = 6.2𝑚, 𝑠𝑜 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠 𝟔. 𝟐𝒎 ∗ 𝟔. 𝟐𝒎
𝐿−𝐵𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝐿−1 5.2 𝑣
Check rigidity of foundation: 𝑣 = = = = 2.6𝑚 → ℎ > 2 = 1.3 → ℎ =
2 2 2
𝑣
1𝑚 < 2 , 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 ℎ = 1.5 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑎 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

𝒉 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝒎
All calculations will be repeated:
𝐸𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡,𝑑 = 1689 + (55.5) ∗ 1.5 = 1772.25𝐾𝑁. 𝑚

𝐸𝑠𝑡,𝑑 = 𝐺𝑑 = 0.9 ∗ (25 ∗ 1.5 ∗ 𝐿2 ) = 33.75 𝐿2

𝑀𝑆𝑇
(𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑)𝑂. 𝑆. 𝐹 = 1.5 = → 33.75𝐿3 = 1772.25 ∗ 1.5 = 2658.375 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀𝑂𝑇
𝐿 = 4.286 − −𝑠𝑜 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠 𝟓𝒎 ∗ 𝟓𝒎
𝐿−𝐵𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝐿−1 4 𝑣
Check rigidity of foundation: 𝑣 = = = 2 = 2𝑚 → ℎ = 1.5 > 2 = 1 −
2 2
𝑜𝑘, 𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑.
 ❖ Sliding Check:
→ Verification of static equilibrium ULS (GEO) Should be confirmed:
𝑬 𝒅 ≤ 𝑹𝒅

𝐸𝑑 : 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 → 𝒐𝒏𝒍𝒚 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝑯

𝑅𝑑 : 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 → 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅

𝑅𝑑 = 𝑆𝑑 + 𝐸𝑝𝑑

𝛾𝐹 : 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐸𝑁 1997 − 1 − 𝐴𝑁𝑁𝐸𝑋 𝐴. 3 − 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐴. 3

− 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴1 𝐷𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑐ℎ 2 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑤𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑡
− 𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑤𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑈𝐿. 𝑆
𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒.
𝐻𝑑 = 37 ∗ 1.5 = 55.5𝐾𝑁

According to worked examples of Eurocode 7 - Section 3.3.2:

𝑆𝑑 = (𝑉′𝑑 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛿𝑘 )/𝛾𝑅

𝑉 ′ 𝑑 : 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

δk : 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
37
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛿𝑘 = = 0.192
192

𝛾𝐹 : 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 − −𝑢𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 − −𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐴. 3

𝛾𝐹 = 1.35
𝛾𝐹 : 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 − −𝑢𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 − −𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐴. 3
𝛾𝐹 = 1.5
𝛾𝑅 : 𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 − −𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐴. 5 − −𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑅2 = 1.1

𝑉 ′ 𝑑 = {[(25 ∗ 1.5 ∗ 5 ∗ 5) ∗ 1.35] + [192 ∗ 1.5]} = 1553.625 𝐾𝑁

1
𝑆𝑑 = 1553.625 ∗ 0.192 ∗ ( ) = 271.17 𝐾𝑁 ≫> 55.5 𝑘𝑁 𝒔𝒐 𝒔𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒊𝒔 𝒐𝒌
1.1

❖ Bearing Resistance:

𝑽𝒅 ≤ 𝑹 𝒅
𝑽𝒅 : 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏, 𝒊𝒕 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒅𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒇 𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒚 𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌
𝒇𝒊𝒍𝒍 𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒕.
𝑹𝒅 : 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒃𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
 𝛾𝐹 : 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 − −𝑢𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 − −𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐴. 3 − −= 1.35
𝛾𝐹 : 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 − −𝑢𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 − −𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐴. 3 − −= 1.5
𝛾𝑅 : 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 − −𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐴. 5 − −𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑅2 = 1.4(𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒)

𝑽𝒅 = [(𝟐𝟓 ∗ 𝟏. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟓 ∗ 𝟓) ∗ 𝟏. 𝟑𝟓] + [𝟏𝟗𝟐 ∗ 𝟏. 𝟓] = 𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟑. 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝑲𝑵

𝟏 𝟏
𝑹𝒅 = ( ) ∗ 𝒒𝑹𝑲 ∗ 𝑨𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = ( ) ∗ 𝟐𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟓 ∗ 𝟓 = 𝟑𝟓𝟕𝟏. 𝟒𝑲𝑵 > 𝑽𝒅
𝛾𝑅 𝟏. 𝟒

𝑺𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌 𝒊𝒔 𝒔𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒇𝒊𝒆𝒅 .

Verify the bearing stress on the terrain:

First, the eccentricity is calculated:
(𝑀𝑑 + 𝑉𝑑 ∗ 𝐻) ∗ 𝛾𝑄 [(1126) + (37 ∗ 1.5)] ∗ 1.5
𝑒𝑑 = =
(𝐺𝑘 ∗ 𝛾𝑄 ) + 𝑃 ∗ 𝛾𝐹 ) (192 ∗ 1.5) + (937.5 ∗ 1.35)
1772.25 𝑎
= = 1.14 > = 0.83
1553.625 6

𝑎 𝑎
Since, 6 = 0.83 < 𝑒 = 1.14 < = 1.66
3

then my situation is the following:

2 𝑁𝐸𝐷 (2 ∗ 192 ∗ 1.5) + (2 ∗ 1.35 ∗ 937.5)

𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
𝑎′ ∗ 𝑏 4.2 ∗ 5
𝜎𝑅𝑘 200
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 147.9 𝐾𝑃𝑎 < 𝜎𝑅𝑑 = = = 181 𝑘𝑃𝑎 , 𝒔𝒐 𝒐𝒌 the bearing stress is verified.
𝛾𝑅 1.1

𝑎
Where, 𝑎′ = 3 (2 − 𝑒) = 3(2.5 − 1.14) = 4.08𝑚

Design the longitudinal reinforcement and check the shear force:

𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∗ 𝑎′ 𝑎′ 147.9 ∗ 4.2 4.2
𝑀𝑑 = ( )∗( )=( ) ∗ ( ) = 434.8 𝑘𝑁𝑚
2 3 2 3
Longitudinal reinforcement based in the EC2, by 1m of width.
25
Design concrete strength, 𝑓𝑐𝑑 = 1.5 = 16.7𝑀𝑃𝑎
500
Design elastic limit of steel, 𝑓𝑦𝑑 = = 333.3𝑀𝑃𝑎
1.5
 Taking into consideration of 5cm concrete cover, then 𝑑 = ℎ − 𝐶𝑐 = 1.5 − 0.05 =
𝑑 = 1.45𝑚
𝑀𝑑 434.8 ∗ 106
𝐾= = = 8.27 ∗ 10−3 < 𝐾 ′ = 0.168
𝑎 ∗ 𝑑 2 ∗ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 1000 ∗ 1.452 ∗ 106 ∗ 25
→ 𝑁𝑜 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑑
( ∗ (1 + √1 − 3.53𝐾) ; 0.95𝑑)
𝑧 = min 2
𝑧 = min(1.44; 1.38) → 𝑧 = 1.38𝑚
Calculation of As:
𝑀𝑑 434.8 ∗ 106
𝐴𝑠 = = = 945.3 𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦𝑑 ∗ 𝑧 333.3 ∗ 1.38 ∗ 103

𝐴1ɸ16 ≅ 200𝑚𝑚2
200
𝑠= = 0.21
945.3
Use, ɸ16@20𝑐𝑚
Minimum reinforcement:
𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 = 2.6 𝑀𝑃𝑎
0.26 𝐵 𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = max ( ; 0.0013 𝐵 𝑑)
𝑓𝑦𝑘

𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = max(1960𝑚𝑚2 ; 1885 𝑚𝑚2 )

𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 1960 𝑚𝑚2 > 𝐴𝑠 = 945.3 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚 𝑠𝑜 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑛.
𝐴1ɸ20 ≅ 314.15𝑚𝑚2
314.15
𝑠= ≈ 0.160
1960
Use, ɸ20@15𝑐𝑚.
❖ Secondary reinforcement:
1
𝐴𝑠2 = ∗ 1960 = 490𝑚𝑚2
4
𝐴1ɸ12 ≅ 113𝑚𝑚2
113
𝑠= ≈ 0.230
490

Use, ɸ12@20𝑐𝑚
 ❖ Verifying the shear:
- The critical section is situated a distance “d” from the
face of the crane. (d = 1.45 m).
𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∗ 𝑎′
𝑉𝑅𝑑−𝑚𝑎𝑥 = − (𝐺. 𝛾𝑔 )
2

VRd
147.9 ∗ 5 ∗ 4.2
𝑉𝑅𝑑−𝑚𝑎𝑥 = − (1.35 ∗ 937.5) = 287.325 𝐾𝑁
2

Check the shear force as a beam without transverse

reinforcement, based in EC2 6.2.2 (VRd min):

200𝑚𝑚 200𝑚𝑚
𝐾 = 1 + √( ) = 1 + √( )= 1.37
𝑑 1450

3 1 3 1
𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035 ∗ 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 2= 0.035 ∗ (1.37)2 ∗ (25)2
𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.28 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 𝐵 ∗ 𝑑 = 0.28 ∗ 1000 ∗ 1450 ∗ 10−3

= 406𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 284.2 𝐾𝑁

So the depth is correct to the shear which is acting.

❖ Rigid Footing:
𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑞2
= 𝐿
𝑎′ 𝑎′ −( )
2

148 ∗ (4.2 − 2.5)

𝑞2 = = 59.9KPa
4.2

𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑞2 = 148 − 59.9 = 88.1KPa

q2
qmax
 2.5 2.5
[(88.1 ∗ 2.5 ∗ 0.5) ∗ ( )] + [(59.9 ∗ 2.5) ∗ ( )]
𝑋1 = 3 2 =
(88.1 ∗ 2.5 ∗ 0.5) + (59.9 ∗ 2.5)

279
𝑋1 = = 1.07
259.8
𝑅1𝑑 = (87.5 ∗ 2.5 ∗ 0.5) + (59.5 ∗ 2.5) = 259.8 𝐾𝑁

𝑅1𝑑 259.8
𝑇𝑑 = 0.85∗𝑑 ∗ (𝑋1 − 0.25𝑏𝑐 ) = 0.85∗1.45 (1.07 − 0.25 ∗ 1) =
𝑇𝑑 = 210.8 ∗ (0.82) = 172.8𝐾𝑁/𝑚

- When it is used the strut-and-tie-method, fyd must not be

upper than 400MPa.→ fyd =400MPa.

𝑇𝑑 172 ∗ 103
𝐴𝑠 = = = 432.1𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦𝑑 400
𝑨𝟏ɸ𝟏𝟐 ≅ 𝟏𝟏𝟑𝒎𝒎𝟐
113
𝑠= ≈ 0.261
432.1

Use∅12@25𝑐𝑚

Anchorage vertical length based in EC2 Clause 8.4:

∅ = 20𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠𝑑 2661
𝑟= = = 1.36 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠𝑟 1960
𝑓𝑦𝑑 = 434.78 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜎𝑠𝑑 = 𝑓𝑦𝑑 ∗ 𝑟 = 591.3
 𝑓𝑐𝑑 = 1.2𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑏𝑑 = 2.25. 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑑 = 2.7𝑀𝑃𝑎
∅ 𝜎𝑠𝑑
𝑙𝑏.𝑅.𝑝.𝑑 = 4 ∗ 𝑓𝑏𝑑
=109.5
50−∅
𝛼2 = 1 − 0.15 ( ∅
) =0.775

𝑙𝑏 = 𝑙𝑏.𝑅𝑝𝑑 ∗ 𝛼2 = 0.848𝑚 → 𝒍𝒃 = 𝟖𝟓𝒄𝒎

Detailed Drawing:

10cm
m 10cm
m