MTC EASA Curriculum Manual - Module 11 Only

Curriculum Manual
3.14 AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS – MODULE 11a

3.14.1 REFERENCE MATERIAL
 MTC Engineering Training Notes via VLE:
3.14.2 OBJECTIVES AND EXAMINATION LEVELS
Level Part 66
Objective Description
Cat B1.1 Ref
11.1.1
1 Theory of Flight 2
11.1.2
A. General 2 11.2.a
2 Airframe Structures
B. Methods 2 11.2.b
A. Fuselage 11.3.1
Airframe Structures
3 2 11.3.2 -
– Aeroplanes B. Attachments
11.3.5
Air Conditioning and A. Air Supply 2 11.4.1
4 Cabin 11.4.2 -
B. Systems 3
Pressurisation 11.4.4
Instruments/Avionic A. Instruments 2 11.5.1
5
Systems B. Avionics 1 11.5.2
6 Electrical Power 3 11.6
Equipment and A. Emergency & Seats 2 11.7.a
7
Furnishings B. Cabin Layout 1 11.7.b
A. Systems 3 11.8.a
8 Fire Protection
B. Portable 3 11.8.b
9 Flight Controls 3 11.9
10 Fuel Systems 3 11.10
11 Hydraulic Power 3 11.11
12 Ice and Rain Protection 3 11.12
13 Landing Gear 3 11.13
14 Lights 3 11.14
15 Oxygen 3 11.15
16 Pneumatic/Vacuum 3 11.16
17 Water/ Waste 3 11.17
18 On Board maintenance Systems 2 11.18
19 Integrated Modular Avionics 2 11.19
20 Cabin Systems 2 11.20
21 Information Systems 2 11.21
This Subject Module covers the whole of Module 11a examined at the Category B1.1 level.
Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

Sept 2017 Page 3.129 Sept 2017
Curriculum Manual
3.14.3 STUDENT ASSESSMENT

Type of Assessment Form
Knowledge Examination 140 MCQ
Practical Assessment Required
Part 66 Exam Profile

Topic
Ref Guide Minimum
11.1.1 Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls 4 2
11.1.2 High Speed Flight 2 1
11.2a Airframe Structures - General Concepts 10 5
11.2b Airframe Structures - Methods 10 5
11.3.1 Fuselage (ATA 52/53/56) 6 3
11.3.2 Wings (ATA 57) 2 1
11.3.3 Stabilisers (ATA 55) 1 1
11.3.4 Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57) 1 1
11.3.5 Nacelles/Pylons (ATA 54) 2 1
11.4.1 Air Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation Air Supply 1 0
11.4.2 Air Conditioning 3 1
11.4.3 Pressurisation 2 1
11.4.4 Safety and Warning Devices 1 1
11.5.1 Instrument Systems (ATA 31) 6 3
11.5.2 Avionic Systems 4 2
11.6 Electrical Power (ATA 24) 12 6
11.7a Equipment and Furnishings Emergency & Seats 4 2
11.7b Equipment and Furnishings Non-Emergency 4 2
11.8a Fire protection systems 5 3
11.8b Portable fire extinguishers. 1 0
11.9 Flight Controls (ATA 27) 8 4
11.10 Fuel Systems (ATA 28) 8 4
11.11 Hydraulic Power (ATA 29) 8 4
11.12 Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30) 7 4
11.13 Landing Gear (ATA 13) 8 4
11.14 Lights (ATA 33) 2 1
11.15 Oxygen (ATA 35) 2 1
11.16 Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36) 4 2
11.17 Water/Waste (ATA 38) 2 1
11.18 On Board Maintenance Systems (ATA 45) 2 1
19 Integrated Modular Avionics (ATA 42) 3 2
20 Cabin Systems (ATA 44) 3 2
21 Information Systems (ATA 46) 3 2
The number of MCQ Questions per topic is typically as shown in the 3 rd column “Guide” in the above table
with a minimum number of MCQ Questions per topic declared in the 4th Column.

Curriculum Manual
3.14.4 MODULE DEPENDENCIES (APPROVED AB-INITIO COURSE)

Completion of Modules 5 (Digital Systems and EIS), 7 (Maintenance Practices) and Module 8 (Aerodynamics)
3.14.5 SUBJECT MODULE DURATION (HOURS)
Course Classroom Practical
Part 147 Approved Course B1.1 240 80
3.14.6 OBJECTIVE M11a.1: THEORY OF FLIGHT

The Student is able to:
Describe the operation and effect of primary flight controls :
 Elevators, Stabilators, Variable Incidence Stabilisers, Canards
 Rudder Limiters
 Aileron, spoilers
Describe the operation and effect of alternative flight controls :
 Elevons,
 Ruddervators.
Describe the operation and effect of high lift devices :
 Slots,
 Slats,
 Flaps,
 Flaperons.
Describe the operation and effect of drag inducing devices:
 Spoilers,
 Lift dump,
 Speed brakes.
Describe the effect of:
 Wing fences,
 Saw tooth leading edges.
Describe boundary layer control using:
 Vortex generators,
 Stall wedges,
 Leading edge devices.
Describe the operation and effect of:
 Trim tabs,
 Balance and anti-balance (leading) tabs,
 Servo tabs
 Spring tabs
 Mass balance,
 Control surface bias,
 Aerodynamic balance panels.
Describe the compressibility effects of air.
Define the terms:
 Mach number
 Critical Mach number
 Subsonic transonic and supersonic flight
Describe the term “compression wave” and the development of “shock waves”.
Describe the terms:
 Oblique Shock Waves
Normal Shock Waves
 Expansion Waves.
Describe what happens to the air when it passes through a shock wave in terms of pressure temperature and
density.

Curriculum Manual
OBJECTIVE M11a.1: (CONTINUED)

Describe the development of shock waves with increasing aircraft speed.
Describe the term “compressibility buffet”.
Describe the purpose of area rule in high-speed aircraft design.
Describe the causes of the aerodynamic heating of aircraft structures in high-speed flight and state the methods
used to overcome this problem.
Describe the factors affecting airflow in engine intakes of high-speed aircraft.
3.14.7 OBJECTIVE M11a.2a: AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – GENERAL

Describe the airworthiness requirements for the structural strength of an aeroplane.
Define Primary, Secondary and Tertiary structure.
Define the following design terms:
 Limit load
 Ultimate load
 Factor of safety.
Explain the concepts of:
 Fail safe
 Safe life
 Damage tolerance.
Define the following terms as they apply to aeroplane structures:
 Stress
 Strain
 Bending
 Compression
 Shear
 Torsion
 Tension
 Hoop stress
 Fatigue.
Describe examples of the following stresses on an aeroplane structure.
 Bending
 Compression
 Shear
 Torsion
 Tension
 Hoop stress.
Describe the form and purpose of “neutral holes”.
Describe the effects of the following loads as they apply to an aeroplane:
 Bending loads
 Pressurisation loads
 Thrust loads
 Payload load
 Tail loads
 Undercarriage loads.
Describe zonal and station location identification systems.
Describe the following:
 Zonal identification
 Fuselage station numbering
 Butt line numbers
 Waterline numbers
 Wing station numbers.

Curriculum Manual
OBJECTIVE M11a.2a: (CONTINUED)

Describe drain ventilation and cooling provisions and inspection procedures.
Describe the provision for aeroplane system installations to include:
 Racks
 Panels
 Means of securing.
Describe the various loads as they apply to rack mounted equipment.
Describe inspection procedures for racks and panels.
Explain lightning strike protection provisions.
Describe inspection procedures for lightning strike protection provisions.
Describe electrical bonding provisions.
3.14.8 OBJECTIVE M11a.2b: AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – METHODS

Describe the various types of aeroplane construction.
 Steel tube
 Monocoque
 Semi-Monocoque
 Composite.
Describe the semi-monocoque or stressed skin form of construction in detail.
Describe basic fuselage construction for stressed skin aeroplane.
Describe methods of skinning.
Describe the various forms and applications of the following structure assembly techniques:
 Riveting
 Bolting
 Bonding.
Describe and identify the following fuselage components in stress skin construction.
 Formers
 Stringers
 Longerons
 Bulkheads
 Frames
 Doublers
 Struts
 Ties
 Beams
 Floor structures
 Reinforcement.
 Wing attachments
 Empennage attachments
 Engine attachments
Describe areas of the aeroplane structure that are susceptible to corrosion.
 Engine exhaust areas
 Wheel well and landing gear areas
 External skin joints
 Engine inlet areas
 Fuel tanks
 Flight control recesses and hinges
 Engine mounts.

Curriculum Manual
OBJECTIVE M11a.2b: (CONTINUED)

Describe parts that are susceptible to corrosion.
 Battery compartments and venting areas
 Galleys
 Lavatories
 Fuselage attachments points for such as antennas, instrumentation probes and static wicks.
 Connectors
 Bonding straps and connections
 Joints.
Describe methods of surface protection such as:
 Conversion coatings (Chromating)
 Electrolytic passivation (Anodising)
 Surface coatings (Painting, powder coat)
Describe surface cleaning methods.
Describe the importance of airframe symmetry and alignment.
Describe airframe datum points used during symmetry and alignment checks.
Identify airframe datum points used during symmetry and alignment checks.
Describe methods and techniques used during symmetry and alignment checks.
3.14.9 OBJECTIVE M11a.3a: AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – AEROPLANES - FUSELAGE

Describe how a pressurised fuselage is constructed and sealed to prevent pressurisation losses.
Describe the methods of attaching the following components to the fuselage:
 Wings
 Stabiliser
 Pylon
 Undercarriage.
Describe seat installations and how they are secured to structure of the aeroplane.
Describe seat removal and installation.
Describe the requirements for on board cargo loading systems for large aeroplane.
Describe the on board cargo loading system fitted to a typical large aeroplane.
 Cargo conveyance system.
 Guidance and latching system.
 Control system.
Describe the operation of the on board cargo loading system fitted to a typical large aeroplane.
Describe the construction and operation of doors fitted to pressurised aeroplanes.
 Inwards opening Passenger Doors
 Outward opening Passenger Doors
 Air stair doors
 Inward opening Cargo Doors
 Outward opening Cargo Doors
 Emergency exits.
Describe the sealing of doors fitted to pressurised aeroplanes.
 Plug type Doors
 Outward opening type Doors.
Describe the maintenance considerations of doors fitted to pressurised aeroplanes.
 Inwards opening Passenger Doors
 Outward opening Passenger Doors
 Air stair doors
 Inward opening Cargo Doors
 Outward opening Cargo Doors
 Emergency exits.

Curriculum Manual
OBJECTIVE M11a.3a: (Continued)

Describe the purpose and operation of door warning devices and systems.
Describe cowlings and quick access inspection panels.
Describe the construction of plastic windshields and windows.
 Blown
 Stretched
 Flat sheet.
Describe the fitting of plastic windshields and windows.
Describe the construction of glass windshields and windows.
 Heated
 Non-Heated.
Describe the construction and operation of windows fitted to pressurised aeroplanes.
 Windshields
 Direct Vision Windows
 Cabin Windows.
Describe the attachment and fitting of windows to pressurised aeroplanes.
 Windshields
 Direct Vision Windows
 Cabin Windows.
3.14.10 OBJECTIVE M11a.3b: AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – AEROPLANES - ATTACHMENTS

Describe basic wing construction for small and large aeroplane of stressed skin construction.
Describe and identify the following wing components in stress skin construction.
 Ribs
 Spars
 Stringers
 Bulkheads
 Frames
 Doublers
 Struts
 Ties
 Reinforcements.
Describe the various layouts for the construction of wings.
 Single Spar
 Multi Spar
 Box Beam.
Describe the types of wing spar.
 I Beam
 Box
 Truss
 D Spar.
Describe the construction of a typical wing spar.
 Caps
 Web
 Single Cap
 Built-up Cap.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the various types of wing spar.
 Cost of manufacture
 Corrosion
 Assembly.

Curriculum Manual

Describe the types of wing ribs and their construction.
 Sheet metal
 Built-up
 Truss.
Describe the methods of building strength into a typical sheet metal rib.
 Flanged holes
 Flutes
 Riveted flanges.
Describe the methods of attaching wings to the fuselage structure.
Describe the physical aspects of the storage of fuel in a wing. (Wet wing).
Describe the methods of attaching components to the wing.
 Landing gear
 Pylons
 Control surfaces,
 High lift and drag attachments.
Describe the structure of the vertical and horizontal stabilisers.
Describe the methods of attaching flight control surfaces to a stabiliser.
Describe the construction of engine nacelles and pylons.
Describe the methods of attaching engine nacelles and pylons to the wing or fuselage.
Describe the purpose and construction of engine firewalls.
Describe engine mounts.
Describe the construction of engine mounting systems and their attachment to the wing or fuselage structure.
Identify nacelle and pylon construction and attachments.
3.14.11 OBJECTIVE M11a.4a: AIR CONDITIONING AND CABIN PRESSURISATION – AIR SUPPLY
Describe the sources of air in a reciprocating engine aeroplane.
 Rootes Blower
 Turbocharger.
Describe the sources of air in a gas turbine engine aeroplane.
 Engine bleed
 APU
 Ground Cart.

Curriculum Manual
3.14.12 OBJECTIVE 4B: AIR CONDITIONING AND CABIN PRESSURISATION - SYSTEMS

Describe the types of heaters used in cabin and flight deck heating.
 Exhaust shroud heater.
 Oil cooler heaters
 Electric heaters
 Combustion heaters.
Describe the operation of a combustion heater.
Describe the purpose of air conditioning.
Describe the following methods of air conditioning.
 Air-cycle machine.
 Vapour-cycle.
Describe the components of the air-cycle machine air conditioning system.
Describe the operating principles of the air-cycle machine air conditioning system.
Describe the operation of the air-cycle machine air conditioning system fitted to a large transport aeroplane.
Describe the distribution system for conditioned air throughout a large transport aeroplane.
Describe the control of conditioned air throughout a large transport aeroplane.
Describe the principle of vapour-cycle air conditioning.
 Transfer of heat
 Basic vapour cycle of refrigeration.
Describe the components of the vapour-cycle air conditioning system.
Describe the refrigerant of the vapour-cycle air conditioning system its characteristics and environmental
considerations.
Describe the operation of the vapour-cycle air conditioning system.
Describe the methods of driving the compressor of the vapour-cycle air conditioning system.
 Electric motor
 Engine driven.
Describe the servicing of a vapour-cycle air conditioning system.
Describe the control of flow, temperature and humidity in air conditioning systems.
Describe the air conditioning system safety devices.
Describe the air conditioning system warning and indicating devices.
Describe the requirements for the pressurisation of aeroplane.
Describe the requirements for control of cabin air pressure.
Describe an aeroplane pressurisation system.
Describe the cockpit indicators used for control of cabin air pressure.
 Cabin altitude
 Cabin rate of climb
 Pressure differential.
Describe the operation of cabin air pressure controllers and outflow valves.
Describe the purpose and operation of cabin pressurisation safety valves.
Describe the cabin air pressure safety, warning and indicating devices.

Curriculum Manual
3.14.13 OBJECTIVE M11a.5a: INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

Describe the following methods by which information is displayed or enunciated:
 Circular or clock scale
 Straight scale
 Digital or counter
 Symbolic
 Switched (warning)
 Aural
Categorize aeroplane instruments by
 Flight
 Engine
 Navigation
 Warning.
Describe typical aeroplane panel layouts and state the reasons for these groupings.
 Flight instruments
 Engine instruments
 Radio and Navigation instruments
Describe the requirement and methods of using “high range long – scale” instruments.
Describe the requirement and purpose of warning annunciators and the various types.
Define a transducer and explain its general purpose in an instrument system.
Describe the basic characteristics and advantages of servo instruments.
Describe the following instrumentation terms:
 Zero error
 Scale error
 Tolerance
 Correction
 Sensitivity
 Hysteresis
 Fault error
Describe the purpose of coloured instrument markings.
 Green
 Blue
 Yellow
 Red
 White
 Index
 Test
 Calibrate
Give examples of the following types of indications on traditional and electronic instrument systems :
 Analogue Data
 Digital Data
 Discrete Data
 Commands
 Cautions
 Warnings
 Flags
Describe the requirement and methods used for shock mounting and bonding of instrument panels.
Describe the following units of pressure:
 Millibar (Mb)
 Inches of mercury (Hg”)
Given a table recognise equivalent pressures and convert from inches of mercury to millibars and vice versa.
Describe absolute, gauge and differential pressure.
Define:
 Pitot pressure
 Static pressure

Curriculum Manual

Describe the purpose and requirements for an Airspeed indicator (ASI).
Describe a typical ASI and its operating principles.
(Internal detail not required).
Explain the following terms:
 Calibrated airspeed
 True airspeed.
 Indicated airspeed
 Ground speed.
Describe the term “Mach”.
Describe maximum operating mach number (MMO).
Describe a typical Machmeter instrument and its operating principles.
Describe the purpose and requirements for an Altimeter (ALT).
Describe a typical ALT and its operating principles.
 QNH
 QNE
 QFE
 Flight Level
Describe the purpose and requirements for a Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI).
Describe a typical VSI and its operating principles.
Describe the purpose and requirements for an Instantaneous Vertical Speed Indicator (IVSI).
Describe the purpose and requirements for the Air Data Computer. (ADC)
Describe the operation of the ADC in terms of inputs and outputs.
Explain the following terms
 Total Air Temperature (TAT)
 Static Air Temperature (SAT)
Describe the purpose and operation of the Total Air Temperature probe.
Describe the purpose and requirements for the Digital Air Data Computer. (DADC)
Describe the operation of the DADC in terms of inputs and outputs.
Describe the essential operating principles of a typical pitot-static system.
Describe the requirements for the positioning of pitot probes and static ports.
Describe typical pitot-static systems.
Describe the required provisions for alternative static source.
Describe the anti-ice provisions for the pitot-static system.
Describe the precautions required for the maintenance of the pitot-static system.
 Pitot-static probes
 System heaters
 Static vents.
 Pitot static pipelines
 Drains
 Blanks and covers
Describe the installation inspection and identification of pitot-static system components.
Describe the effects of a leak or blockages in a pitot-static system.
Describe the essential features of a pitot-static leak tester and the procedure for carrying out a pitot-static leak
check.
(Note: typical controls indicators and connections must be described; not calibration check)

Curriculum Manual

Briefly describe a gyroscope and basic gyroscopic principles.
Define the following terms relating to gyroscopes:
 Gimbal
 Rigidity in space
 Precession
 Degrees of freedom
 Erection
List aeroplane instruments that rely on gyroscopic principles.
Describe the methods of applying torque to the rotor of a gyroscope.
 Pneumatic
 Electric
Describe the sources of pneumatics for applying torque to the rotor of a gyroscope.
 Venturi
 Vacuum pump
 Turbine Engine bleed air.
Describe a vacuum pump based pneumatic system its components and maintenance requirements for air driven
gyroscopes.
Describe maintenance practices for electric driven gyroscopes.
Describe the types of emergency vacuum systems as they apply to light aeroplane instrument systems.
 Dual vacuum pumps
 Reciprocating engine induction manifold.
Describe the indication and warning systems for aeroplane vacuum systems.
Describe the function of the basic types of gyro flight instruments.
 Attitude Indicator (ADI) (Artificial Horizon)
 Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) (Directional Gyro)
 Turn Coordinator
 Turn and Bank
Describe the integration with other instrument and Navigation systems of the:
 ADI
 HSI
Describe the presentation of flight information on an
 Attitude Direction Indicator.
 HSI
 EFIS
(Note: only flight info to be considered – NAV info considered in avionics objectives.)
Describe a typical Turn and Slip indicator and its operating principles.
Describe a typical Turn Coordinator and its operating principles.
Define the term “Turn Error”.
Describe the methods used in compensating for turn error.
Explain the need for and describe the methods of erection and adjustment in gyro instruments.
Describe the Earth’s magnetic field.
(Magnetism will have been covered in detail in the subject “Electrical Fundamentals”)
Explain the following terms regarding the Earth’s magnetic field.
 North Magnetic pole
 South magnetic pole
 Angle of Dip
 Magnetic variation
(Magnetism will have been covered in detail in the subject “Electrical Fundamentals”)

Curriculum Manual

Describe the basic principles of Navigation by heading.
Describe the types and effects of aeroplane magnetism.
Describe the types and basic principles of operation of direct reading compasses.
Describe the serviceability checks of a direct reading compass.
Describe the basic principles of operation of remote reading compass systems.
Describe the function and layout of the components of a gyro magnetic compass system.
Describe the requirements relating to a flux valve installation.
Define the following terms as applied to gyro magnetic compass systems:
 Slaving
 Synchronising
Describe the presentation of heading on an EFIS.
Describe the basic requirements for compass bases.
(Note: compass base surveying procedures are not covered in this objective)
Describe the need for compass calibration.
Describe the principles of compass calibration
Describe the required occasions for compass calibration.
Describe the procedure for direct reading compass calibration and compensation.
Describe the basic requirements for stall warning system.
Describe the legal requirements for a stall warning system.
Describe the operation of a vibrating reed stall warning system.
Describe the operation of an electric stall warning vane system.
Describe the operation of an angle of attack sensor system.
Describe the operation of a stick shaker stall warning system.
Describe the operation of a stick pusher system.
Describe the operation of an integrated stall warning system.
Describe legal requirements for instrument indicator and warning systems.
Describe the requirement for a master caution and central warning system and the types of displays typically
associated with these systems.
Describe the prioritising system of the EICAS display including:
 The different types of warning “MASTER WARNING SYSTEMS”
 The colour associated with each level of notification
 Methods of differentiating between levels of warning including audio
Describe the Take Off Warning system fitted to aeroplane.
Describe the inputs and outputs of the Take Off Warning system.
State the purpose of GPWS.
State the basic principles of operation of GPWS.
Describe the function of the basic GPWS modes.
Describe the GPWS visual and aural warning indications.
Describe Terrain Avoidance systems.
State the purpose of the FDR system.
Describe the legal requirements for the automatic flight data recording system.
Recognise examples of the recorded parameters of the FDR system.

Curriculum Manual

Describe the components of FDR system.
Describe the location of the FDR unit in a typical aeroplane.
Describe the Underwater Location Unit (ULB) fitted to the FDR unit.
State the purpose of the Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit (DFDAU).
State the purpose of the QAR.
Describe the ACMS system.
3.14.14 OBJECTIVE M11a.5b: AVIONIC SYSTEMS

Describe the basic principles of radio communication, Navigations and radar systems.
(Note: the level of understanding required is low (Level 1), just sufficient to put the following objectives in context).
Explain the basic function of an antenna.
Define the requirement for an antenna ground plane.
Describe the function of a static wick.
Identify and explain the purpose and describe the layout of the main components of:
 a VHF communications system
 a HF communication system
 a Satcom system
 an audio system
 a service interphone system
 a passenger address system
 a Selcal system
 an ACARS
 an ELT
 a CVR
Describe the operation and use of a:
 VHF communications system
 service interphone system
Describe the location of the CVR unit in a typical aeroplane.
Describe the safety considerations associated with the operation of the HF communications system.
Describe the location of an ELT unit in a typical aeroplane.
Describe the maintenance of an ELT system.
Describe how to carry out an ELT check.
Explain the purpose and describe the layout of the main components of:
 ADF
 VOR
 ILS
 Marker beacon
 INS
 GPS
 Weather Radar
 Radio Altimeter
 DME
 ATC Transponder
 Mode S
 TCAS

Curriculum Manual

Describe the principles of the Area Navigation System.
Describe the integration of VOR and DME inputs in the Area Navigation system.
Describe the safety considerations associated with the operation of Weather Radar.
Identify antennas by system.
Describe the inspection of antennas.
Describe a Weather Radar radome.
Describe the inspection of a Weather Radar radome.
 a Flight Director system
 a FMC system
 an auto flight system
Describe the go/no go testing of avionics systems where applicable.
Describe typical avionics racks and compartments.
Describe avionics cooling arrangements.

Curriculum Manual
3.14.15 OBJECTIVE M11a.6: ELECTRICAL POWER

Explain the purpose and function of circuit protection devices.
Describe fuses and circuit breakers.
Describe fuse and circuit breaker panels.
Describe the type and application of fuses.
 Standard.
 Slow Blow.
Describe the legal requirement for spare fuses on an aeroplane.
Describe the type, application and operation of circuit breakers.
 Magnetic trip.
 Thermal trip.
Describe the requirements for aeroplane electrical switches.
Describe the uses for aeroplane electrical switches.
Describe the ratings applied to aeroplane electrical switches.
Describe the installed orientation of aeroplane electrical switches.
Describe the types of aeroplane electrical switches and their application.
 Toggle.
 Rocker.
 Rotary.
 Push.
 Micro.
 Proximity.
Describe the requirement for switch voltage and current performance ratings.
Describe the requirements for aeroplane electrical relays and solenoids.
Describe the uses and application for relays and solenoids.
Recognise and draw ATA100 symbols for:
 Switch push and push pull circuit breakers
 Fuses
 Multiple pole double throw switches
 Switches with momentary make contact
 Double throw with centre off switch
 Relays and solenoids
 Lamp general illuminating
 Light with push to test.
Describe the installation of a battery in an aeroplane.
 Mounting
 Vent Systems
 Connections
 Temperature Sensing
Describe how to inspect a battery compartment
Describe maintenance practices for installed batteries.
Explain how to deal with electrolyte spillage.
Explain the requirements for DC and AC motors fitted to aeroplane.

Curriculum Manual
3.14.16 OBJECTIVE M11a.6: ELECTRICAL POWER

Describe the applications for DC and AC motors fitted to aeroplane:
 Continuous Duty
 Intermittent Duty.
Describe reversible motors their type and application.
Describe brakes and clutches fitted to motors.
Describe the purpose and application of motors fitted with brakes and clutches.
Describe the purpose and application of motors fitted with limit switches.
Describe the purpose of thermal protection in motors.
Describe the purpose and application of linear actuators.
Describe the purpose and requirements for aeroplane starter motors and starter/generators.
Describe maintenance and inspection requirements for electrical motors.
Explain the purpose and requirements of DC and AC generators fitted to aeroplane.
Describe the inspection of generator brushes for wear and condition.
Describe the replacement of generator brushes.
Describe the types and application of generator drive systems.
Explain the purpose and requirements for generator cooling.
Describe the requirements regarding AC power generator frequency used for aeroplane and avionics systems.
Explain the purpose operation and construction of constant speed generator drive systems.
Describe servicing of constant speed generator drive systems.
Describe classification of AC generator systems.
Describe the function and operation of a Generator Control Unit (GCU) system including:
 Protection
 Frequency
 Load.
Describe starter/generators their construction operation and use.
Describe the purpose of an electrical inverter system.
Explain the operation and construction of an electrical inverter system:
 Static Inverter.
 Rotary Inverter.
Explain the purpose operation and construction of an electrical transformer rectifier system.
Explain the purpose operation and construction of the variable speed constant frequency (VSCF) power systems
fitted to large modern aeroplane.
Given a schematic diagram describe the operation of an aeroplane electrical generation system.
Describe the procedures for troubleshooting electrical power generation systems.
Explain the basic requirements for power distribution system
 BUS and BUS BAR.
 Single Wire System.
 Earth Return System.

Curriculum Manual

Explain the requirements and purpose of the following types of BUS:
 AC.
 DC.
 Split bus system
 Essential.
 Non-Essential.
 Battery.
Explain the purpose of a BUS Tie system.
Explain the certification requirements for power distribution systems.
Describe the types of electrical power load for an aeroplane.
 Continuous loads.
 Intermittent loads.
Explain the requirement for determining the electrical power load for an aeroplane.
Explain the analysis of the electrical power load for an aeroplane by
 Measurement.
 Calculation.
Explain the terms and purpose of “electrical priority” and “Load shedding”.
Explain the purpose of split and parallel bus systems
Describe typical split bus systems.
Describe typical parallel bus systems.
Explain the purpose and application of Bus Power Control Units.
Explain the purpose and application of Load Control Units.
Describe circuit protection systems.
Describe electrical system measuring devices and display systems.
Describe an electrical power control panel.
Given a schematic diagram describe the operation of an aeroplane electrical distribution system.
Describe the procedures for troubleshooting electrical power distribution systems.

Curriculum Manual
3.14.17 OBJECTIVE M11a.7a: EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHING – EMERGENCY AND SEATS

Describe aeroplane emergency equipment requirements.
Describe the requirements for personal life jackets - TSO 72c
Describe the construction a typical personal life jackets.
Describe the maintenance requirements for personal life jackets.
Describe the typical stowage for personal life jackets.
Describe the requirements and construction of passenger escape slides - TSO C69b
Describe the stowage and operation of typical passenger escape slides.
Describe the construction stowage and operation of emergency ropes and decent devices fitted to a large aeroplane
for the evacuation of the flight-crew.
Describe the stowage and operation of flashlights.
Describe the stowage and purpose of the crash axe.
Describe the construction stowage and operation of smoke hoods.
Describe the layout and operation of emergency evacuation lighting systems fitted aeroplane.
Describe the requirements for placards indicating emergency exits.
Describe the types of self-illuminating placards indicating emergency exits.
 Luminous paint.
 Tritium gas
 Self-contained electrical powered systems.
Describe the precautions associated with tritium gas self-illuminating placards.
Describe the stowage and operation of a megaphone.
Describe the requirements for first aid kits fitted to both small and large aeroplane.
Describe the stowage of first aid kits.
Describe the requirements for emergency radio beacons.
(Note: The operation of emergency locator beacons is described in OBJECTIVE 5B)
Describe the requirements for flame and fire retardant materials used in aeroplane furnishings.
 Seat covers and cushions.
 Carpets.
 Side panels.
 Cargo liners.
Describe the requirements for seating for all occupants of an aeroplane.
Describe the maintenance and inspection of typical flight crew seats.
Describe the fitment of a typical cabin crew seats fitted to large aeroplane.
Describe the requirements maintenance and inspection for passenger seating.
Describe the removal and fitment of typical passenger seats fitted to large aeroplane.
Describe the requirements for personal restraint systems for crew and passengers.
TSO C22g Seat belts.
TSO C114 Torso restraint.
Describe the types of personal restraint systems for crew and passengers.
Lap Strap.
Child Restraint.
Shoulder and Lap Strap.
Four Point Shoulder and Lap Harness.
Five Point Shoulder and Lap Harness with Crotch Strap.
Describe the types of inertia reel systems for crew and passengers.
Automatic.
Lockable.

Curriculum Manual
3.14.18 OBJECTIVE M11a.7b: EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHING – NON-EMERGENCY

Describe the fitment of typical aeroplane furnishings.
Describe a typical cabin layout.
Describe equipment layout in an aeroplane cabin.
Describe the installation of cabin equipment.
Describe the purpose of a passenger service unit.
Describe a typical passenger service unit:
Information and passenger advisory panel
Speaker
Attendant call
Reading light
Individual air outlets.
Describe the cabin stowage compartments.
Describe the requirements for cargo tie-down devices and cargo nets.
Describe the types of cargo tie-down devices.
Extruded track.
Anchor plates.
Single pin fittings.
Dual pin fittings.
Pan fittings.
“D” Rings and Eye bolts.
Describe the 12.6g critical ultimate load factor requirements for cargo tie-down fittings.
Describe the purpose and types of cargo nets.
Describe the 9g critical ultimate load factor requirements for cargo nets.
Describe the installation of a cabin entertainment system.
Describe the purpose and functions of a galley.
Describe the requirements for galley restraints.
Describe a typical galley its construction and operation.
Describe the installation and operation of air stairs.

Curriculum Manual
3.14.19 OBJECTIVE M11a.8a: FIRE PROTECTION - SYSTEMS

Explain the principles of fire protection and conditions required for a fire to develop.
Describe the classification of fires.
Describe the requirements for aeroplane compartment overheat and fire detection and protection systems.
Describe the various types of fire and overheat detection systems.
 Thermal switch
 Thermocouple
 Photoelectric
Describe continuous loop overheat detection systems.
Describe the smoke detection systems.
Describe fire prevention practices.
Describe the requirements for aeroplane fire extinguishing agents.
Describe the types of the fire extinguishing agent and their advantages disadvantages and uses.
 Halogenated Hydrocarbons.
 Inert cold gases
 Dry powder
 Water
Describe the problems associated with Halons and the environment.
Describe the requirements for fire protection systems for cargo compartments.
Describe the types of fire protection systems for cargo compartments.
Describe the requirements for fire protection systems for the cockpit flight-deck and cabin areas.
Describe the types of fire extinguishers used in the cockpit flight-deck and cabin areas.
Describe routine maintenance of fire detection and protection systems.
Describe the maintenance practices associated with the installation of fire detection loops.
Describe the safety precautions associated with fire protection system discharge cartridges.
Describe the inspection requirements of the fire bottle.
 Hydrostatic
 Agent pressure
3.14.20 OBJECTIVE M11a.8b: FIRE PROTECTION - PORTABLE

Describe typical portable fire extinguishers their installation and inspection.

Curriculum Manual
3.14.21 OBJECTIVE M11a.9: FLIGHT CONTROLS

Explain the construction of flight controls:
 All metal construction
 Composite construction.
Explain the operation and actuation of the following types of flight control systems.
 Elevator
 Rudder
 Aileron.
Describe an “all flying” Stabilator flight control system.
Explain the methods used to operate a stabilator.
Describe the operation of alternative types of flight control systems:
 Tailerons system
 Elevons system
 Ruddervators.
Describe the purpose of differential ailerons and frise ailerons.
Describe the attachment and operation of differential ailerons and frise ailerons.
Describe the methods of aerodynamically balancing flight controls.
Describe the methods used to balance the mass of a flight control.
Describe the procedure for mass balancing of flight control surfaces.
Describe the operation of secondary flight control surfaces:
 Elevator trim
 Rudder trim
 Aileron trim.
Describe the purpose and use of ground adjustable trim tabs and flight adjustable trim tabs.
Describe the types of ground adjustable trim tabs.
Describe the operation of electric flight control trim systems.
Describe the function and operation of the following flight control trim components:
 Trimming tab
 Balance tab
 Servo and anti-servo tab
 Spring Tab.
Describe the function and operation of flight control trim position indicator systems.
Explain the function and basic operation of a trimable horizontal stabiliser.
Describe the purpose of leading and trailing edge devices to augment lift.
Describe the types of wing flaps fitted to aeroplane including the attachment and operation of wing flaps fitted to
aeroplane.
 Plain Flap
 Split Flap
 Fowler Flap
 Slotted Flap
 Multi Slotted Flap.
Describe the airflow over trailing edge devices throughout their range of operation.
Describe the types of wing leading edge devices fitted to aeroplane including the attachment and operation of :
 Slats
 Slots
 Krueger Flaps.
Describe the airflow over leading edge devices throughout their range of operation.
Describe the control of airflow by the use of boundary layer control.

Curriculum Manual

Describe the following devices and their purpose and operation:
 Vortex generators
 Vanes
 Toothed and notched leading edge
 Wing fences
 Stall wedges.
Describe the following drag inducing devices their purpose and operation:
 Ground and air spoilers
 Lift dump
 Speed brakes.
Describe the operating systems for drag inducing devices.
Describe the difference between flight spoilers and ground spoilers and state their position on the aeroplane.
Describe the arming requirements for ground spoilers to operate automatically on landing.
Describe the purpose and use of winglets and wing end plates.
Describe the purpose and use of fillets and fairings.
Describe the purpose and use of canard arrangements.
Explain the function and basic operation of the yaw control system and yaw damping systems.
Explain the function and operation of devices that limit flight control surface deflection.
Explain the function and operation of rudder limiting systems.
Explain the function and operation of a “fly-by-wire” control system.
Explain the function and operation of artificial feel devices in the flight control system.
Explain the function and operation of elevator system down load springs.
Explain function and operation of systems that prevent the “over control” of inputs by the pilot.
Explain the function and operation of trim control systems
Explain the function and operation of control systems for lift augmentation devices.
Explain the function and operation of control systems for drag inducing devices.
Explain the function and operation of variable incident control systems.
Explain the purpose function and basic operation of gust locks fitted to flight control systems.
Describe the operation of warning systems associated with the operation of gust locks.
Explain a block schematic diagram of a large aeroplane flight control system:
 Powered Flying Controls System
 Fly By Wire System.
Explain the principles of flight control system rigging.
Describe the “duplicate inspection” of flight control system rigging.

Curriculum Manual
3.14.22 OBJECTIVE M11a.10: FUEL SYSTEMS

Describe the requirements of aeroplane fuel systems.
Describe fuel system layout for systems fitted to single engine light aeroplane.
 Gravity Feed Systems.
 Pump Feed Systems.
Describe fuel system layout for systems fitted to high performance single engine light aeroplane.
Describe fuel system layout for systems fitted to multi engine light aeroplane.
Describe the purpose of a fuel system vent system.
Describe the purpose of a fuel system vapour return system.
Describe the purpose of the fuel cross feed system.
Describe system requirements for fuel systems fitted to turbine powered transport aeroplane.
Describe fuel system layout for systems fitted to turbine powered transport aeroplane.
Describe the purpose and use of the fuel jettison or dump system fitted to large transport aeroplane.
Describe longitudinal balance fuel systems
Describe the requirements for aeroplane fuel tanks.
Describe the purpose of fuel tank baffles.
Describe the construction and use of the following types of aeroplane fuel tanks.
 Fabricated Tanks.
 Integral Tanks.
 Bladder Tanks.
Describe the purpose and requirements of the fuel tank cap.
Describe the installation of fuel tanks.
Describe the methods and materials used in the sealing of integral fuel tanks.
Describe the safety requirements associated with the use of the materials used in the sealing of integral fuel tanks.
Describe fuel dumping provisions.
Describe the personal safety precautions when working around and in aeroplane fuel tanks.
Describe methods and precautions to be considered when venting and draining an aeroplane fuel tank.
Describe precautions concerning static discharge when working in and around an aeroplane fuel tank.
Describe the materials used in fuel system lines and hoses.
Describe the installation of fuel system lines and hoses.
Describe the purpose and operation of fuel system valves.
 Hand Operated.
 Motor Operated.
 Solenoid Operated.
Describe the operation and use of fuel system pumps.
 Hand Primer Pumps (Kygas).
 Centrifugal Boost Pumps.
 Fuel Ejectors Motive Flow.
 Pulsating Electric Pump.
 Vane Pumps.
Describe the installation of submerged cartridge type fuel pumps.
Describe the purpose of fuel system strainers and filters.
Describe the types of fuel system strainers and filters.
Describe the maintenance of fuel system strainers and filters.
Describe the purpose of fuel heaters.
Describe the operation of fuel heaters.

Curriculum Manual

Describe the purpose types and operation of fuel system indicators.
 Fuel quantity indicating.
 Fuel flow
 Fuel temperature
 Fuel pressure
 Valve-in-Transit lights.
Describe the basic requirements for fuel quantity measurement.
Describe the methods of fuel quantity measurement.
 Sight glass.
 Float type.
 Capacitance type.
Describe the operation of a drip stick fuel quantity measuring system.
Describe the operation of a magnetic stick fuel quantity measuring system.
Describe the operation of an electrical capacitance fuel quantity measuring system.
Describe the purpose and operation of a densitometer system.
Describe the purpose and methods for detecting contaminants in fuel.
 Solid particles.
 Surfactants.
 Water.
 Micro-organisms.
Describe the control of contaminants in fuel.
Describe the type and purpose of additives in fuel.
Describe the methods of fuelling aeroplane.
 Over wing
 Single point pressure
Describe the procedure for fuelling and de-fuelling aeroplane.
Describe the safety considerations when fuelling and de-fuelling aeroplane.
Describe the purpose and procedure for fuel transfer using the aeroplane systems.
3.14.23 OBJECTIVE M11a.11: HYDRAULIC POWER

Describe the mechanical advantage that can be obtained from a hydraulic system.
Describe the uses of hydraulic systems.
Describe the requirements for hydraulic fluids.
 Viscosity
 Chemical stability
 Flash point
 Fire point
Describe the types of hydraulic fluids commonly used in modern aeroplane and their identifying features.
 Mineral based (MIL-H-5606)
 Synthetic based (MIL-H-8446 BMS 3-11 Phosphate Ester).
Describe the compatibility of hydraulic fluid types with materials used in hydraulic system components.
Describe the personal safety issues associated with the handling of hydraulic fluids.
Describe a simple hydraulic system powered by a hand pump its features and mode of operation.
Describe a basic powered hydraulic system its features and mode of operation.

Curriculum Manual

Describe the requirements for hydraulic power systems.
Describe the self-contained power pack hydraulic system used on light commuter type aeroplane.
Describe the hydraulic system fitted to a large aeroplane.
Describe the transference of power between hydraulic systems in regard to aeroplane with multiple hydraulic
systems
Describe un-pressurised hydraulic reservoirs fitted to smaller type aeroplane.
Describe pressurised hydraulic reservoirs fitted to larger type aeroplane.
Describe the reason for pressurising hydraulic reservoirs.
Describe the methods used to pressurise hydraulic reservoirs.
 Aspirators
 Bleed air
 Hydraulic pressure.
Describe the requirements for hydraulic system filters.
Describe the measurements used to describe the filtering medium.
 Micron
 Mesh
Describe the filtering medium types used in hydraulic filters.
 Paper
 Metallic.
Describe hydraulic system filters.
Describe differential pressure indicators fitted to hydraulic filters their purpose and operation.
Describe a two stage filtering system.
Describe the types of pumps used in aeroplane hydraulic systems.
 Hand pumps
 Powered pumps.
Describe the types, purpose and application of hydraulic hand pumps used in aeroplane hydraulic systems.
 Single acting
 Double acting.
Describe the types, purpose and application of powered hydraulic pumps used in aeroplane hydraulic systems.
 Constant displacement pumps
 Variable displacement pumps.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods of driving hydraulic pumps.
 Engine Driven
 Electric
 Ram Air Turbine.
Describe the operation of the following types of constant displacement pumps.
 Gear type
 Gerotor
 Piston type.
Describe the operation of the variable displacement axial piston type pumps.
Describe the purpose and operation of the following types of hydraulic valves.
 Flow control valves
 Selector valves Open centre
 Selector valves Closed centre valves
 Check valves
 Sequence valves
 Priority valves
 Quick disconnect valves.

Curriculum Manual

Describe the purpose and operation of the following pressure control valves.
 Pressure relief valves
 Thermal relief valves
 Pressure regulator valves
 Pressure reducers.
Describe the purpose and operation of the hydraulic fuse.
Describe the purpose and operation of the hydraulic accumulator.
 Spherical types
 Piston type.
Describe the purpose and operation of Linear hydraulic actuators.
 Single acting
 Double acting
 Balanced double acting.
Describe the purpose and operation of the rotary hydraulic actuators.
Describe the purpose and operation of the hydraulic motor.
Describe the types of seals found in hydraulic systems.
 Chevron
 “O” rings
 “T” seals
 Backup rings.
Describe the types of wipers and scrapers found in hydraulic systems.
Describe the types of materials used in seals found in hydraulic systems.
Describe the marking and packaging of seals.
Describe the manufacturing date (cure date) of packaged seals.
Describe the methods and tools associated with the installation of seals.
Describe the types of rigid and flexible fluid lines found in hydraulic systems.
Describe the types of materials used in rigid and flexible fluid lines.
Describe the installation of rigid and flexible fluid lines.
Describe the installation of typical pipe fittings into aeroplane components.
Describe the hydraulic system of a large aeroplane its layout and function.
Describe the interrelationship between independent hydraulic systems.
Describe transfer of power between independent hydraulic systems.
Describe the purpose and installation of hydraulic fluid heat exchangers.
Describe the interfaces with other systems.
Describe a ram air turbine hydraulic system.
Describe emergency hydraulic systems.
Describe hydraulic system shut-off valves their purpose and operation.
Describe the indication and warning system of hydraulic systems.
Describe the control of hydraulic systems.
Describe the maintenance requirements of hydraulic systems in regard to personal and system safety.
Describe the replenishment of hydraulic systems.

Curriculum Manual
3.14.24 OBJECTIVE M11a.12: ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Describe the effects of icing on the aeroplane and aeroplane components.
Explain the terms:
 Anti-Icing.
 De-Icing.
Describe the following types of anti-icing.
 Thermal Air
 Electrical
 Chemical.
Explain the purpose application and operation of the following thermal air anti-icing applications.
 Wings
 Engine intakes
 Antenna and Radome systems.
Explain the purpose application and operation of the following electrical anti-icing applications.
 Flight control shrouds
 Engine intakes
 Water and Toilet replenishment points
 Engine and airframe drain masts
 Pitot and static ports
 Windshield.
Describe the pneumatic boot wing de-icer system its purpose application and principles of operation.
Describe the sources of pneumatic air for the operation of the pneumatic boot wing de-icer system.
 Pumps
 Turbine Engine bleed air
 Venturi.
Describe the components of a pneumatic boot wing de-icer system their purpose and function:
 Relief valves
 Control valves
 Check valves.
Describe the construction and installation of de-icer boots.
Describe the inspection and maintenance of de-icer boots.
Describe the removal of frost from aeroplane.
Describe the removal of snow and ice from aeroplane.
Describe the personal and aeroplane safety precautions to be observed during the removal of snow and ice from
aeroplane.
Describe the methods of rain control on aeroplane.
Describe windshield wipers fitted to aeroplane.
Describe windscreen wiper replacement.
Describe pneumatic rain removal systems fitted to aeroplane.
Describe chemical rain repellent systems fitted to aeroplane.

Curriculum Manual
3.14.25 OBJECTIVE M11a.13: LANDING GEAR

Describe the purpose and function of aeroplane landing gear.
Describe types of aeroplane landing gear.
Describe the following landing gear suspension systems their advantages and disadvantages:
 Steel spring and composite
 Rubber blocks and cords
 Hydraulic shock struts.
Describe the operation of a typical hydraulic shock strut.
Describe the servicing of a typical hydraulic shock strut.
Describe the importance of wheel alignment.
 Toe-in
 Camber.
Describe the methods of achieving correct wheel alignment.
Describe the procedure of wheel alignment on an aeroplane.
Describe the following types of retraction systems.
 Mechanical
 Electric
 Pneumatic
 Hydraulic.
Describe a typical electro/hydraulic retraction system.
Describe emergency extension systems.
Describe typical components used in retractable landing gear systems their purpose and function:
 Relief valves
 Control valves
 Check valves
 Restrictors
 Shuttle valves
 Priority and Sequence valves.
Describe the rigging of retractable landing gear systems.
Describe the purpose and function of safety devices as applied to retractable landing gear systems.
Describe in detail the following safety devices:
 Retraction prevention systems.
 Ground locks.
 Gear position indicators.
Describe aeroplane steering systems.
Describe the cause and prevention of nose wheel shimmy.
Describe shimmy dampers.
Describe aeroplane wheels their construction and use.
Describe the cup and cone bearing assemblies commonly used in aeroplane wheels.
Describe the removal fitting and inspection of cup and cone bearing assemblies commonly used in aeroplane
wheels.
Describe the lubrication of cup and cone bearing assemblies commonly used in aeroplane wheels.
Describe the fusible plug assemblies commonly used in aeroplane wheels.
Describe the inspection of installed aeroplane wheels for serviceability.

Curriculum Manual

Describe the inspection of disassembled aeroplane wheels for serviceability.
Describe single disk type brakes their construction and use.
Describe the lining material used on single disk type brakes.
Describe safety precautions concerning organic asbestos used as a lining material.
Describe multi disk type brakes their construction and use.
Describe brake operating systems.
Describe a boosted brake their advantages and disadvantages.
Describe the procedure for brake lining inspection on installed single and multi disc units.
Describe the procedure for determining the serviceability of a brake operating system on an aeroplane.
Describe the procedure for bleeding the hydraulic brake operating system.
Describe the procedure for the inspection and repair of brake assemblies after overheating.
Describe the purpose and function of the antiskid systems as they apply aeroplane.
Describe the following components of a typical antiskid system.
 Wheel speed sensors
 Control valves
 Controller.
Describe the layout and function of a typical antiskid system.
Describe a typical auto braking system.
Describe the following types of tyres fitted to aeroplane.
 Type III
 Type VII
 Type VIII.
Describe the construction of a typical tyre.
Describe the cross ply and the radial ply type tyres commonly available their advantages and disadvantages.
Describe the tyres of tube and tubeless construction.
Describe the types of tread commonly available.
Describe tyres with a chine their purpose and design.
Describe the construction of a typical tube.
Describe the inflation and deflation of an aeroplane tyre.
Describe the result of incorrect inflation of an aeroplane tyre.
Describe the in service inspection of an aeroplane tyre.
Describe aquaplaning, the causes and the possible damage that may result.
Recognise the result of a tyre damaged by aquaplaning.
Describe the inspection of an aeroplane tyre off the wheel.
Describe the inspection of an aeroplane tube.
Describe the repair and re-treading process of an aeroplane tyre.
Describe the tyre removal and mounting procedure.
Describe the wheel balancing procedure.
Describe the storage of aeroplane tyres and tubes.
Describe the difference between the following aeroplane landing gear arrangements their advantages and
disadvantages:
 Tail wheel type landing gear
 Tricycle type landing gear
 Tandem wheel landing gear.
Explain a block schematic diagram of a large aeroplane retractable landing gear system.
Describe aeroplane wheels and undercarriage arrangements on large transport aeroplanes.

Curriculum Manual
3.14.26 OBJECTIVE M11a.14: LIGHTS

Explain the requirements for aeroplane internal and external lighting systems.
Describe the type and purpose for exterior aeroplane lighting.
 Position lights
 Anti-collision lights
 Landing lights
 Taxi Lights
 Wing Inspection Lights
 Logo lights
Describe the type and typical applications for interior aeroplane lighting.
 Incandescent lighting
 Fluorescent lighting
 Fibre Optic Lighting
Describe systems used for flight deck panel lighting.
Describe the certification requirements for aeroplane lighting systems including crew warning and advisory lighting
systems.
Describe typical dimming systems used for lighting.
Describe the procedures for troubleshooting lighting systems.
3.14.27 OBJECTIVE M11a.15: OXYGEN

Describe the characteristics of oxygen.
Describe the characteristics of aviation breathing oxygen.
Describe the forms of oxygen used in aeroplane.
 Gaseous
 Liquid
 Chemical Solid.
Describe the specification for aviation breathing oxygen.
 MIL-O-21749
 MIL-O-27210.
Describe the aeroplane storage of gaseous aviation breathing oxygen.
Describe the identification of storage cylinders.
 Green colour
 Aviation Breathing Oxygen in white printing
 Specification and standards applying to the cylinder.
Describe the maintenance requirement for oxygen storage cylinders.
 Steel
 Filament wound.
Describe the purpose and use of oxygen regulators.
Describe oxygen regulators.
 Continuous flow
 Demand
 Dilutor demand
 Pressure.
Describe the types and use of oxygen masks.
 Continuous flow
 Demand type
 Quick donning
 Cannula.

Curriculum Manual

Describe the oxygen systems installed in aeroplane.
 Continuous Flow
 Diluter Demand
 Pressure Demand
 Chemical Candle.
Describe the plumbing and valves used in oxygen systems.
Describe servicing of oxygen systems and safety procedures associated with this task.
Describe the replacement of oxygen system plumbing valves and fittings.
Describe inspection and maintenance requirements of oxygen systems.
3.14.28 OBJECTIVE M11a.16: PNEUMATIC/VACUUM

Describe the mechanical advantage that can be had in a pneumatic system.
Describe the uses of pneumatic systems.
Describe a simple pneumatic system its features and mode of operation.
Describe a basic powered pneumatic system its features and mode of operation.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of pneumatic power systems fitted to aeroplane.
Describe the following sources of pneumatic air
 Multi Stages Pumps
 Storage Cylinders
 Engine Bleed Air
Describe typical pneumatic storage cylinders.
Describe the maintenance requirements for a pneumatic pressure vessel and the maintenance specifications that
may apply.
 Storage Cylinders
 Oil and Water traps.
(DOT specifications for testing and transportation are used.)
Describe an aeroplane pneumatic system:
 System description and operation
 System layout
 System components
 Emergency supply system
 Ground charging
Describe operation and maintenance requirements of the following.
 Moisture separators
 Pneumatic filters
 Dryers
Describe the types of medium used in dryers.
Describe the interfaces with other systems.
Describe the pneumatic system of a large aeroplane its layout and function.
Describe the interrelationship between independent pneumatic systems.
Describe the indication and warning system of pneumatic systems.
Describe the control of pneumatic systems.

Curriculum Manual
3.14.29 OBJECTIVE M11a.17: WATER AND WASTE

Describe the term “potable water”.
Describe the purpose for potable water systems fitted to large aeroplane.
Describe the requirements for potable water systems fitted to large aeroplane.
Describe the potable water storage and distribution system its lay out and operation.
Describe the types of construction and mounting of potable water tanks.
Describe the potable water heating system.
Describe the methods for pressurisation of potable water systems.
 Compressors
 Aeroplane bleed air.
Describe the servicing of potable water systems fitted to large aeroplane.
Describe the purpose for waste systems fitted to aeroplane.
Describe the types of toilets systems fitted to aeroplane.
 Relief tube
 Non-flushing waste container
 Removable self-contained flushing toilet
 Non-removable self-contained flushing toilet
Describe the toilet systems fitted to large aeroplane.
Describe the toilet systems fitted to large aeroplane its lay out and operation.
Describe the servicing of toilet systems fitted to large aeroplane.
3.14.30 OBJECTIVE 18: ON BOARD MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS

Describe the function of the central maintenance computer system.
Describe the inputs and outputs for the central maintenance computer system.
Describe a data loading system.
Describe an on-board electronic library system.
Describe printing from an on-board maintenance system.
Describe structural monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring).

Curriculum Manual
3.14.31 OBJECTIVE M11a.19: INTEGRATED MODULAR AVIONICS

Describe the function of the (this list is not exhaustive and may include other systems):
 Bleed Management
 Air Pressure Control
 Air Ventilation and Control
 Avionics and Cockpit Ventilation Control
 Temperature Control
 Air Traffic Communication
 Avionics Communication Router
 Electrical Load management
 Circuit Breaker Monitoring
 Electrical System BITE
 Fuel Management
 Braking Control
 Steering Control
 Landing Gear Extension and Retraction
 Tyre Pressure Indication
 Oleo Pressure Indication
 Brake Temperature Monitoring
For an Integrated Modular Avionics System describe the:
 Core system
 Network Components
3.14.32 OBJECTIVE M11a.20: CABIN SYSTEMS

Describe the function of the:
 The units and components which furnish a means of entertaining the passengers and providing
communication within the aircraft (Cabin Intercommunication Data System) and between the aircraft
cabin and ground stations (Cabin Network Service). Includes voice, data, music and video
transmissions.
 The Cabin Intercommunication Data System provides an interface between cockpit/cabin crew and
cabin systems. These systems support data exchange of the different related LRU’s and they are
typically operated via Flight Attendant Panels.
 The Cabin Network Service typically consists on a server, typically interfacing with, among others,
the following systems: — Data/Radio Communication, In-Flight Entertainment System.
 The Cabin Network Service may host functions such as:
o Access to pre-departure/departure reports,
o E-mail/intranet/Internet access,
o Passenger database;
 Cabin Core System;
 In-flight Entertainment System;
 External Communication System;
 Cabin Mass Memory System;
 Cabin Monitoring System;

Curriculum Manual
3.14.33 OBJECTIVE M11a.21: INORMATION SYSTEMS

Describe the function of the:
 The units and components which furnish a means of storing, updating and retrieving digital
information traditionally provided on paper, microfilm or microfiche. Includes units that are dedicated
to the information storage and retrieval function such as the electronic library mass storage and
controller. Does not include units or components installed for other uses and shared with other
systems, such as flight deck printer or general use display.
 Typical examples include Air Traffic and Information Management Systems and Network Server
Systems
 Aircraft General Information System;
 Flight Deck Information System;
 Maintenance Information System;
 Passenger Cabin Information System;
 Miscellaneous Information System.

Curriculum Manual
3.14.34 AEROPLANE STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS PRACTICAL TASKS

The practical assessment element shall cover the practical training and determine whether the student is
competent at using tools and equipment and working in accordance with maintenance manuals. An assessed
pass for each student should be granted when the practical assessor is satisfied that the student meets this
criteria.
These tasks are designed not only to reinforce the theory presented within the module but to develop through
instruction and demonstration the essential competencies required in a aircraft maintenance environment.
The student is only required to carry out enough inspection/testing and component removal, fitment adjustments
to prove capability.
The student should also show an appreciation of the need to ensure clean working conditions and the
observance of safety precautions for the student and the product. In addition, the student should demonstrate
a responsible attitude in respect to flight safety and airworthiness of the aircraft.
Formative Assessment Task
This is an informal assessment conducted by instructors/technicians during the practical phase in order to allow
feedback and coaching to improve student competency. These tasks are also required for the completion of
the student’s practical training record.
Summative Assessment Task
This is a formal assessment used to evaluate student’s learning and competency at the conclusion of a defined
practical phase. These tasks are required for the purpose of EASA Part 66 certification of competencies.
An appropriate number of tasks should be carried out as a Summative Assessment task so as to satisfy the
student’s competencies for this module.
These tasks will be carried out in Hangar 17 using the Training Aircraft, Gen Fly Trainer, IMAT and other
associated training equipment.
3.14.35 AEROPLANE STRUCTURES AND FURNISHINGS
Task The student will carry out the following practical tasks
1101 Demonstrate the washing and cleaning of aeroplane.
1102 Remove, inspect, clean and refit furnishings, cargo and safety equipment
Carry out a Zonal inspection of equipment racks and panels, drain, ventilation and cooling provisions and
1103
general condition.
1104 Inspect lightening lightning strike protection provisions and devices including bonding.
Inspect vulnerable areas and parts for corrosion and demonstrate the removal of corrosion and protection
1105
against corrosion.
1106 Demonstrate methods and techniques used during symmetry and alignment checks.
1107 Inspect doors, pressure seals and windows
1108 Inspect wings, stabilizers, flight controls, control surfaces and attachments.
1109 Remove and install an aeroplane window.
1110 Remove or refit structural components or fuselage attachments.

Curriculum Manual
3.14.36 ELECTRICAL POWER AND LIGHTS
Recognise examples of electrical hardware from among mixed components and state its type (in so far as it
1111
is possible to do so from inspection).
Observing all safety precautions switch electrical power on and operate an aeroplane electrical distribution
1112
panel to make power available to selected systems.
1113 Remove, inspect, test and fit a battery and check the battery system.
1114 Remove, inspect and fit electrical system components
1115 Inspect an aeroplane electrical power generation system installation.
1116 Test the lighting system on an aeroplane.
1117 Remove, inspect and fit lighting system components
1118 Use wiring diagrams to identify the following: wire numbers; wire sizes; connector numbers; components.
1119 Carry out voltage and continuity checks.
Given electrical loads and battery capacity perform an electrical load analysis and determine battery life with
1120 no generated power and emergency circuits only operating.
1121 Demonstrate fault finding techniques on electrical and lighting systems
3.14.37 INSTRUMENT/AVIONICS SYSTEMS
1122 Inspect aeroplane instruments for markings and legibility.
1123 Inspect an instrument panel for condition and assembly.
1124 Carry out an inspection of an instrument system including the removal, inspection and refit of components
1125 Carry out an inspection and serviceability checks of a Standby Compass.
1126 Carry out a swing of a standby compass and make necessary adjustments.
1127 Carry out Altimeter calibration checks.
1128 Carry out a pitot-static leak check and rectify defects.
1129 Inspect externally mounted avionic system components including static wicks and antennas.
1130 Carry out and operation check of a communication system (VHF or ELT)
3.14.38 AEROPLANE FLUID SYSTEMS
1131 Remove, inspect and refit fuel system components.
1132 Remove, inspect and refit hydraulic system components.
1133 Remove, inspect and refit pneumatic system components.
1134 Demonstrate refuelling, determine the fuel quantity, check for fuel contamination
1135 Demonstrate the replenishment of hydraulic systems.
1136 Remove and fit a hydraulic seal
1137 Operate a hydraulic system and confirm correct indications and control
1138 Demonstrate fault finding techniques on aeroplane fluid systems

Curriculum Manual
3.14.39 FLIGHT CONTROLS

1139 Inspect a flight control system for condition, assembly, freedom of movement and range of travel.
1140 Remove, inspect, re-fit and rig a primary flight control surface.
1141 Demonstrate the balancing of the mass of a flight control
1142 Demonstrate the rigging of flight control trim systems.
1143 Demonstrate fault finding techniques on flight control systems
3.14.40 AEROPLANE MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

1144 Inspect portable fire extinguishers for condition, installation and expiry.
1145 Remove, inspect and refit windshield wipers
Inspect a landing gear retraction system, remove aeroplane wheel, carry out visual inspection of wheel, tyre
1146
and brake assembly, lubricate bearings and refit wheel assembly.
1147 Replace brake unit lining material.
1148 Remove, inspect and refit aeroplane mechanical system components.
1149 Demonstrate servicing and observation of safety procedures of an oxygen system
1150 Demonstrate the servicing of water- waste systems
1151 Service a typical hydraulic strut
1152 Demonstrate rigging of landing gear retraction and indicating systems and participate in retraction tests
1153 Carry out a functional check of an aeroplane mechanical system.
1154 Demonstrate fault finding techniques on mechanical systems


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Curriculum Manual

3.14 AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS – MODULE 11a

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

3.14.3 STUDENT ASSESSMENT

Part 66 Exam Profile

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

3.14.4 MODULE DEPENDENCIES (APPROVED AB-INITIO COURSE)

3.14.6 OBJECTIVE M11a.1: THEORY OF FLIGHT

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

OBJECTIVE M11a.1: (CONTINUED)

3.14.7 OBJECTIVE M11a.2a: AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – GENERAL

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

OBJECTIVE M11a.2a: (CONTINUED)

3.14.8 OBJECTIVE M11a.2b: AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – METHODS

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

OBJECTIVE M11a.2b: (CONTINUED)

3.14.9 OBJECTIVE M11a.3a: AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – AEROPLANES - FUSELAGE

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

OBJECTIVE M11a.3a: (Continued)

3.14.10 OBJECTIVE M11a.3b: AIRFRAME STRUCTURES – AEROPLANES - ATTACHMENTS

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

OBJECTIVE M11a.3b: (CONTINUED)

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

3.14.12 OBJECTIVE 4B: AIR CONDITIONING AND CABIN PRESSURISATION - SYSTEMS

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

3.14.13 OBJECTIVE M11a.5a: INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

OBJECTIVE M11a.5a: (CONTINUED)

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

OBJECTIVE M11a.5a: (CONTINUED)

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

OBJECTIVE M11a.5a: (CONTINUED)

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

OBJECTIVE M11a.5a: (CONTINUED)

3.14.14 OBJECTIVE M11a.5b: AVIONIC SYSTEMS

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

OBJECTIVE M11a.5b: (CONTINUED)

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

3.14.15 OBJECTIVE M11a.6: ELECTRICAL POWER

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

3.14.16 OBJECTIVE M11a.6: ELECTRICAL POWER

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

OBJECTIVE M11a.6: (CONTINUED)

Explain the purpose and application of Load Control Units.

Describe circuit protection systems.

Describe electrical system measuring devices and display systems.

Describe an electrical power control panel.

Describe the procedures for troubleshooting electrical power distribution systems.

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

3.14.17 OBJECTIVE M11a.7a: EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHING – EMERGENCY AND SEATS

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

3.14.18 OBJECTIVE M11a.7b: EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHING – NON-EMERGENCY

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

3.14.19 OBJECTIVE M11a.8a: FIRE PROTECTION - SYSTEMS

3.14.20 OBJECTIVE M11a.8b: FIRE PROTECTION - PORTABLE

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2

3.14.21 OBJECTIVE M11a.9: FLIGHT CONTROLS

Issue 2 MTC Curriculum Manual Amendment 2