A6862-Application Note
A6862-Application Note
A6862-Application Note
VBAT
A4405
Regulator
A4910
3-Phase
A4935
BLDC
Micro- A4937 Motor
Controller A4939
A6862
SELECTION GUIDE
Part Number Packing Package
A6862KLPTR-T 4000 pieces per 13-inch reel 16-lead TSSOP with exposed thermal pad, 4.4 mm × 5 mm case
SPECIFICATIONS
[1] With respect to GND. Ratings apply when no other circuit operating constraints are present.
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A6862 Automotive 3-Phase Isolator MOSFET Driver
VBB 1 16 VCP
CP4 2 15 GU
CP3 3 14 SU
CP2 4 13 GV
PAD
CP1 5 12 SV
IG 6 11 GW
POK 7 10 SW
ENA 8 9 GND
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A6862 Automotive 3-Phase Isolator MOSFET Driver
Battery
VCP
VCP Bridge
Mon VCP
C VCP
Floating GU
VBB Gate-Drive
Mon
Reverse CP4
SU
Protected Motor
CCP2
Supply
CP3 Charge Pump
CP2 VCP Bridge
CCP1
CP1 Floating GV
Gate-Drive
GND
IG Mon
To Ignition Switch
SV
Motor
POK
To Logic Power Monitor VCP Bridge
Level Floating GW
ENA Shift Gate-Drive
Mon
Voltage SW
Motor
Monitors
VOLF
GND
4
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A6862 Automotive 3-Phase Isolator MOSFET Driver
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Valid at TJ = –40 to 150°C, VBB = 4.5 to 50 V, unless noted otherwise
Characteristics Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units
SUPPLY
Operating; outputs active 4.5 – 50 V
VBB Functional Operating Range [1] VBB Operating; outputs disabled 4 – 50 V
No undefined states 0 – 50 V
IBB Gate drive active, VBB = 12 V – 11 15 mA
VBB Supply Current IBBQ Gate drive inactive, VBB = 12 V – 6 9 mA
IBBS IG or POK < 0.8 V, VBB = 12 V – – 10 µA
VBB > 9 V, IVCP > –1 mA [2] 9 10 11 V
VCP Output Voltage w.r.t. VBB VCP 6 V < VBB ≤ 9 V, IVCP > –1 mA [2] 8 10 11 V
4.5 V < VBB ≤ 6 V, IVCP > –800 µA [2] 7.5 9.5 – V
VCP Static Load Resistor RCP Between VCP and VBB (using ±1% tolerance resistor) 100 – – kΩ
GATE DRIVE
Turn-On Time tr CLOAD = 10 nF, 20% to 80% – 5 – µs
Turn-Off Time tf CLOAD = 10 nF, 80% to 20% – 0.5 – µs
Propagation Delay – Turn On [3] tPON CLOAD = 10 nF, ENx high to Gx 20% – – 3 µs
Propagation Delay – Turn Off [3] tPOFF CLOAD = 10 nF, ENx low to Gx 80% – – 2.25 µs
Turn-On Pulse Current IGXP 8.5 10 12 mA
Turn-On Pulse Time tGXP 16 – 36 µs
On Hold Current IGXH – 400 – μA
TJ = 25°C, IGx= 10 mA – 5 – Ω
Pull-Down On Resistance RDS(on)DN
TJ = 150°C, IGx = 10 mA – 10 – Ω
VBB > 9 V 9 10 12 V
Gx Output High Voltage w.r.t. SX,
VGH 6 V < VBB ≤ 9 V 8 10 12 V
when SX ≤ VBB
4.5 V < VBB ≤ 6 V 7.5 9.5 – V
Gate Drive Static Load Resistor RGS Between Gx and Sx (using ±1% tolerance resistor) 100 – – kΩ
Gx Output Voltage Low VGL –10 µA < IGx < 10 µA – – VSX + 0.3 V
Gx Passive Pull-Down RGPD VGx – VSx < 0.3 V – 950 – kΩ
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A6862 Automotive 3-Phase Isolator MOSFET Driver
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued): Valid at TJ = –40 to 150°C, VBB = 4.5 to 50 V, unless noted otherwise
Characteristics Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units
LOGIC INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
ENA Input Low Voltage VIL – – 0.4 V
ENA Input High Voltage VIH 0.7 – – V
ENA Input Hysteresis VIhys 120 200 – mV
ENA Input Pull-Down Resistor RPD – 100 – kΩ
ENA Output Low Voltage VOLF Any VGS or VCP undervoltage, IOL = –0.5 mA [2] 1.1 1.0 0.9 V
POK, IG Input High Voltage VIH 2.0 – – V
POK, IG Input Low Voltage VIL – – 0.8 V
POK, IG Input Pull-Down Resistor RPD – 100 – kΩ
DIAGNOSTICS AND PROTECTION
VGS Undervoltage Threshold Rising VGSUV 6.0 – 7.0 V
VGS Undervoltage Threshold
VGShys – 200 – mV
Hysteresis
VGS Undervoltage Filter Time tGSUV 3.7 – 18 µs
VCP Undervoltage Filter Time tCPUV – 12.5 – µs
VCP Startup Blank Timer tCPON – 100 – µs
VCPON VCP w.r.t. VBB, VCP rising 6.5 7.0 7.5 V
VCP Undervoltage Lockout
VCPOFF VCP w.r.t. VBB, VCP falling 6.25 6.75 7.25 V
[1] Function is correct but parameters are not guaranteed below the general limits (4.5 to 50 V).
[2] Forinput and output current specifications, negative current is defined as coming out of (sourcing) the specified device terminal.
[3] Refer to Figure 2.
ENA
tPON tPOFF
80% 80%
VGSx
20% 20%
tr tf
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Allegro MicroSystems
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A6862 Automotive 3-Phase Isolator MOSFET Driver
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The A6862 is an N-channel power MOSFET driver capable of Input and Output Terminal Functions
controlling MOSFETs connected as a 3-phase solid-state relay
VBB: Main power supply. The main power supply should be
in phase-isolation applications. It has three independent floating
connected to VBB through a reverse voltage protection circuit.
gate drive outputs to maintain the power MOSFETs in the
on-state or the off-state over the full supply range when the phase GND: Main power supply return. Connect to supply ground.
outputs are PWM switched with high phase-voltage slew rates. VCP: Pumped gate drive voltage. Can be used to turn on a
The three gate drives can be controlled by a single logic-level MOSFET connected to the main supply, to provide reverse
battery protection. Connect a 1 µF ceramic capacitor between
signal on the enable input. In typical applications, the MOSFETs
VCP and VBB.
will be switched on within 8 µs and will switch off within 1 µs.
The enable input can also be used as an open-drain output to CP1, CP2: Pump capacitor connections. Connect a 330 nF
indicate that the charge pump regulator is undervoltage. ceramic capacitor between CP1 and CP2.
A charge pump regulator provides the above-battery supply CP3, CP4: Pump capacitor connections. Connect a 330 nF
voltage necessary to maintain the power MOSFETs in the ceramic capacitor between CP3 and CP4.
on-state continuously when the phase voltage is equal to the ENA: Logic-level input to control all three gate drive outputs.
battery voltage. Voltage regulation is based on the difference Pulled to VOLF by open-drain output if VCP or any VGSx is
between VBB and VCP . undervoltage. Battery voltage compliant terminal.
The charge pump will maintain sufficient gate drive (>7.5 V) POK: Logic-level input to control the pump regulator activity.
for battery voltages down to 4.5 V. It is also able to provide the Both POK and IG must be high to enable the charge pump.
Battery voltage compliant terminal.
current taken by gate source resistors as low as 100 kΩ, should
they be required, between the source and gate of the power IG: Logic-level input to control the pump regulator activity. Both
MOSFETs. POK and IG must be high to enable the charge pump. Battery
voltage compliant terminal.
The voltage generated by the charge pump can also be used
to power circuitry to control the gate source voltage for a GU, GV, GW: Floating gate drive outputs for external N-channel
MOSFET connected to the main supply to provide reverse battery MOSFETs.
protection. SU, SV, SW: Load phase connections. These terminals are the
reference connections for the floating gate drive outputs.
Two independent activation inputs can be used to disable
the charge pump and put the A6862 into a low-power sleep Power Supplies
mode. These two inputs can be driven by logic-level signals or
A single reverse polarity protected power supply voltage is
connected directly to other systems supplies including the main required. It is recommended to decouple the supply with ceramic
battery supply through an external reverse protection diode. capacitors connected close to the supply and ground terminals.
Undervoltage monitors check that the pumped supply voltage The A6862 will operate within specified parameters with
and the gate drive outputs are high enough to ensure that the VBB from 4.5 to 50 V and can maintain the external isolator
MOSFETs are maintained in a safe conducting state. If the MOSFETs in the off condition down to 4.0 V. The A6862 will
pumped supply voltage or any gate drive output voltage is less operate without any undefined states down to 0 V to ensure
than the undervoltage threshold, the enable input ENA will be deterministic operation during power-up and power-down events.
pulled low by an open-drain output. As the supply voltage rises from 0 V, the gate drive outputs are
maintained in the off-state until the gate voltage is sufficiently
All logic inputs can be shorted to the main positive battery supply high to ensure conduction and the outputs are enabled.
voltage without damage, even during a load dump up to 50 V.
This provides a very rugged solution for use in the harsh
automotive environment and permits use in start-stop systems.
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A6862 Automotive 3-Phase Isolator MOSFET Driver
Pump Regulator voltage of the MOSFET is held close to 0 V even with the power
disconnected. This can remove the need for additional gate source
The gate drivers are powered by a regulated charge pump, which resistors on the isolation MOSFETs. If gate source resistors
provides the voltage above VBB to ensure that the MOSFETs are are mandatory for the application, then the pump regulator
fully enhanced with low on-resistance when the source of the can provide sufficient current to maintain the MOSFET in the
MOSFET is at the same voltage as VBB. on-state with a gate source resistor of as low as 100 kΩ using 1%
Voltage regulation is based on the difference between the VBB tolerance resistors.
and VCP pins. The floating gate drive outputs for external N-channel MOSFETs
The pumped voltage, VCP, is available at the VCP terminal and is are provided on pins GU, GV, and GW. The reference points
limited to 12 V maximum with respect to VBB. This removes the for the floating drives are the load phase connections: SU, SV,
need for external clamp diodes on the power MOSFETs to limit and SW. The discharge current from the floating MOSFET gate
the gate source voltage. capacitance flows through these connections.
It also allows the VCP terminal to be used to power circuitry When ENA goes high, the upper-half of all of the drivers are turned
to control MOSFETs connected to the main supply to provide on (low sides are turned off) and a current (IGXP) will be sourced
reverse battery protection and supply isolation. to the gate, for a period of time defined between tGXP . After this
period, an “on hold current” (IGXH) will be sourced to the gates of
To provide the continuous low-level current required when gate the MOSFETs to keep them switched on. See Figure 3.
source resistors are connected to the external MOSFETs, a pump
storage capacitor, typically 1 µF, must be connected between the When ENA goes low, the lower half of the drivers are turned on
VCP and VBB terminals. Pump capacitors, typically 330 nF, must (high side is turned off) and will sink current from the external
be connected between the CP1 and CP2 terminals and between MOSFET’s gates to the respective Sx terminal, turning them off.
the CP3 and CP4 terminals to provide sufficient charge transfer, See Figure 3.
especially at low supply voltage. If driving MOSFETs with a
total charge above 400 nC, larger value capacitors (charge pump VCP
capacitors and CVCP) may be necessary. 10 mA
Typ
Positive-edge
The charge pump can be disabled by pulling either the POK or one shot 0.40 mA
the IG terminal low. This will cause VCP to reduce to zero, the 16-36 µs Typ
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A6862 Automotive 3-Phase Isolator MOSFET Driver
Recirculation Current Path the Schottky diode. This will turn on the external MOSFET enough
to draw current through the MOSFET. If the bridge is still on,
In most applications, it will be necessary to provide a current current will come from the positive supply, or if it is off, the current
recirculation path when the motor load is isolated. This will be will come from the bridge low-side body diode. If the current is
necessary when the motor driver does not reduce the load current flowing from the motor to the bridge and the MOSFET is switched
to zero before the isolation MOSFETs are turned off. off, the motor inductance will force the voltage on the source pin
There are two ways of connecting the external MOSFETs to the up and the body diode will conduct. If the bridge is still on, the
motor: with the source connected to the bridge or supply (see current will come from the ground, or if it is off, the current will
Figure 4), and conversely with the source connected to the motor come from the bridge high-side body diode.
or load (see Figure 5 and Figure 6). All methods require one diode
Bridge Supply
per phase.
High Power
In the case when the Bridge or supply is connected to the source Diode
(see Figure 4). When the current is flowing from bridge to the Motor
motor and the MOSFET is switch off, the motor inductance will try
to force the voltage on the drain pin down. This will draw current G
through the body diode from the bridge. If the bridge is still on, the M
current will come from the positive supply, or if it is off, the current
will come from the bridge low-side body diode. If the current is S
Bridge
flowing from the motor to the bridge and the MOSFET is switched
off, the motor inductance will force the voltage on the drain pin up Figure 4: Source to Bridge, Drain Diode
and the high-power diode is required to clamp the voltage to the
Bridge
bridge VBB. The high-power diodes must handle the pulse current
capacity to survive all of the drive current flowing through it until
it decreases to zero. G
M
In the second case, the motor is connected to the source (see Figure
5). When the current is flowing from the bridge to the motor and S
Motor
the MOSFET is switch off, the motor inductance will try to force
High Power
the voltage on the source pin down. This will draw current through Diode
the high-power diode from the ground. If the current is flowing
from the motor to the bridge and the MOSFET is switched off, the GND
motor inductance will force the voltage on the source pin up and
the body diode will conduct. If the bridge is still on, the current will Figure 5: Source to Motor, Source Diode
come from the ground, or if it is off, the current will come from the
bridge high-side body diode. The high-power diodes must handle Bridge
the pulse current capacity to survive all of the drive current flowing
through it until it decreases to zero. G
M
The third case—and the recommended method (see Figure 6)—
allows the recirculation current to be dissipated in the external S
MOSFETs. This also has the advantage that there is no direct Motor
connection to the supply other than through the external MOSFETs Low Power
Schottky Diode
and the bridge. When the current is flowing from the bridge to the
motor and the MOSFET is switched off, the motor inductance will GND
try to force the voltage on the source pin down. This will drop the
voltage on the source to –4 V and the gate will be held at –1 V by Figure 6: Source to Motor, Gate Diode
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A6862 Automotive 3-Phase Isolator MOSFET Driver
When either POK or IG is low, the charge pump will be disabled, A typical connection arrangement to use this feature is shown in
and the outputs will be off. This provides additional security in Figure 7 and Figure 8 and a representative sequence shown in
the case of a supply failure. When the charge pump is disabled, Figure 9.
the supply current drawn by the A6862 will reduce to a very low The arrangement permits three specific states (see Figure 7):
level and it will be in a low-power sleep mode.
ON Gate drive commanded on.
Charge Pump Output Monitor No fault indicated.
Gate drive on.
The A6862 includes undervoltage detection on the charge pump FAULT Gate drive commanded on.
output. If the voltage at the charge pump output, VCP, drops Fault indicated.
below the undervoltage threshold, VCPON, then a timer is started. Gate drive on.
If VCP , remains below VCPON for the duration of the VCP under- OFF Gate drive commanded off.
voltage filter time, tCPUV , then a VCP undervoltage condition No fault indication.
(VCPU) will be asserted. The ENA input will be pulled to VOLF, Gate drive off.
but the device stays in the on-state.
This feature also allows the controller to actively determine
the delay between power-on and the time the outputs should be
activated.
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A6862 Automotive 3-Phase Isolator MOSFET Driver
ENA Terminal
Input Output VDIGITAL
High Fault On
0.9 V MCU A6862
0.7 V ENA
ENH ACTIVE
Figure 7: ENA Terminal Input and Output Levels Figure 8: ENA Connection
VBB
VCPON
VCP
UV*
ACTIVE*
ENA* VOLF
DIS*
ENH*
Power on Active when Disabled Enabled VCPUV Recover when Power Disabled by MCU Enabled
VCP > VCPON, by MCU by MCU after VCP > VCPON, off and Power on by MCU
after tCPON tCPUV after tCPON
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A6862 Automotive 3-Phase Isolator MOSFET Driver
VESD
100 kΩ
ENA
80 kΩ
4V
6V
20 kΩ UV = VCPU + CGSUx
0.2 V
10 µA to 500 µA
VCP
VESD
GU
GV
200 kΩ GW
IG
POK VESD 11 V
SU
100 kΩ SV
4V 6V SW
VBB
12 V
VCP
VESD
12 V 12 V
16 V
16 V
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Allegro MicroSystems
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A6862 Automotive 3-Phase Isolator MOSFET Driver
0.45
5.00 ±0.10 8° 0.65
0° 16
16
0.22 1.70
0.09
1 2
3.00
0.25 BSC 1 2
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Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
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A6862 Automotive 3-Phase Isolator MOSFET Driver
Revision History
Number Date Description
– September 23, 2016 Initial release
1 August 25, 2017 Corrected Turn-Off Time symbol (page 5), Figure 1 (page 6), and Figure 3 (page 8)
2 March 15, 2019 Updated VSX rating (page 2)
3 April 3, 2020 Minor editorial updates
4 April 13, 2022 Updated package drawing (page 13)
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Allegro MicroSystems
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