The document outlines the module on causes of cell injury and includes subsections on various causes such as hypoxia, ischemia, toxins, infections, nutritional imbalances, physical agents, genetic abnormalities, and immunologic reactions. It also discusses concepts such as histology, pathology, etiology, pathogenesis, cellular changes, and clinical manifestation.
The document outlines the module on causes of cell injury and includes subsections on various causes such as hypoxia, ischemia, toxins, infections, nutritional imbalances, physical agents, genetic abnormalities, and immunologic reactions. It also discusses concepts such as histology, pathology, etiology, pathogenesis, cellular changes, and clinical manifestation.
The document outlines the module on causes of cell injury and includes subsections on various causes such as hypoxia, ischemia, toxins, infections, nutritional imbalances, physical agents, genetic abnormalities, and immunologic reactions. It also discusses concepts such as histology, pathology, etiology, pathogenesis, cellular changes, and clinical manifestation.
The document outlines the module on causes of cell injury and includes subsections on various causes such as hypoxia, ischemia, toxins, infections, nutritional imbalances, physical agents, genetic abnormalities, and immunologic reactions. It also discusses concepts such as histology, pathology, etiology, pathogenesis, cellular changes, and clinical manifestation.
2. ADAPTATION TO CELL INJURY 3. CELL DEATH 4. INFLAMMATION 5. TISSUE REPAIR 6. IMMUNE SYSTEM AT A GLANCE
HYPOXIA- OXYGEN DEFICIENCY IN TISSUES
ISCHEMIA- ORGANS ARE NOT GETTING ENOUGH OXYGENATED
BLOOD / ARTERY OBSTRUCTION TUBERCULOSIS Arteries- carries oxygenated blood Capillaries- gas exchange Veins- deoxygenated blood HISTOLOGY- (NORMAL)- study of tissues and cells under the microscope. TOXINS PATHOLOGY- (ABNORMAL)- study of diseases and their mechanisms.
PATHOGENESIS- (mechanism, explain what happens) occurrence of bacteria in the lungs CELLULAR CHANGES- appearance of Langhans thype giant cells in lung tissue CLINICAL MANIFESTATION- Pulmonary Tuberculosis
ETIOLOGY-PATHOGENESIS-CELLULAR CHANGES- CLINICAL
MANIFESTATION INFECTOUS AGENTS NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCES AGING Marasmus (malnourished) Kwashiorkor (bloated) (edema/swelling) Diabetes (less insulin) insulin- gate or door for sugar to tissue - Protein- maintain fluid balance- oncotic pressure pulling fluid inside the cell
- Diabetes- high level of sugar in blood/ less insulin- gate
or door for sugar to tissue
PHYSICAL AGENTS
TEMPERATURE- 36.5-37.5 C- NORMAL BODY TEMP
GENETIC ABNORMALITIES Almenism- don’t produce melanin
- Thalidomide (drug)- patients with leprosy-affect babies(
short arms and legs) ADAPTATION TO CELL INJURY ATROPHY HYPERTROPHY
HOMEOSTASIS- all balance
Physiologic
Exercise- muscles become larger
Endometrium- lining in the ovary become thinner Pathologic
Cardiac Enlargement
HYPERPLASIA
Pathologic
Denervation
Stroke- big muscle to small muscle
Physiologic
BASEMENT MEMBRANE Breast during pregnancy
Pathologic
Endometrial Hyperlasia METAPLASIA DYSPLASIA
Respiratory Metaplasia
Metaplasia refers to the replacement of a mature,
differentiated cell type by another mature, differentiated cell type that does not typically occur in the tissue in which it is found. Metaplasia typically occurs as a response to chronic irritation of cells, which can be environmental (e.g., smoking and alcohol) or pathological (e.g., acid reflux).
Pathologic
Barretts’s Esophagus
GERD- Gastroesophagial Reflux
ESOPHAGUS-SPLINTER-STOMACH
ESOPHAGUS squamous - STOMACH glands/ epithelium
CELL INJURY
REVERSIBLE
IRREVERSIBLE
Protein Coagulation (pamumuo)
Ischemia
Pancreas produces lipases- melt fats
Acute pancreatitis- increase of production of lipases- lead to
lipases destruct other organ’s fats.
ANTIGEN ANTIBODY COMPLEX
TISSUE REPAIR
PAIN- DOLOR LABILE CELLS- ( skin) HEAT- CALOR Hyperemia- caliper of blood vessels became bigger causes redness of inflammation. REDNESS- RUBOR
SWELLING- TUMOR
LOSS OF FUNCTION- FUNCTIO LAESA
STABLE CELLS- stays long period of time but will replicate when in need such as fractures- ( liver) (bone)
2.recite The Following Du-A'a To Cure Headache and Remove The Evil Effects of Black Magic When Recited For Headache Blow The Breach On The Forehead After Recitation
