Argo Tech Evolution: Multipurpose Agricultural Robot and

Android Integration
Abstract
More Than 40% Global population would be Agriculture is the primary Occupation. Dynamic
agricultural landscapes present difficult navigational issues for mobile robots, particularly in
India where agriculture plays a critical role. In order to overcome these obstacles, the Agritech
robot uses These robotics improve agricultural efficiency by decreasing human error in the
application of pesticides. In the existing agricultural robot performs basic elementary functions
like harvesting, planting and spreading pesticides. The Proposed system aims at designing
agricultural robotic vehicle which can be controlled through Bluetooth for Digging, seed
sowing, levelling and automatically operated a moisture sensor and watering. This research
also investigates the creation of energy-efficient, low-cost robots for agronomic jobs in India.
By employing solar energy to automate tasks like planting, cultivating, and applying pesticides,
these robots reduce the amount of labor required from farmers. operated via an intuitive
Android app.
Introduction
Agriculture has been the leading and the most crucial position with which the Indian economy
has been based but to overcome skill shortage in the workforce sector and also face
environmental issues is considered as the leading challenges to it. Seeing as the world
population is now stated to be 9 billion in a few years from now means an increase in supply
of crops, therefore, the agricultural revolution stands out as an undisputed demand. The
suffering is often less dreamy because of efficiently performed labor as well as outdated
techniques and their solutions like bad levels of automation and no electricity among others.
There are many issues when it comes to modernizing the infrastructure, and automation and
artificial intelligence (AI) can be a way to solve this. It even would be challenging to develop
further technological progress in agriculture without tools such as robots from seeding and
cultivating to pesticide spreading, resulting in the decrease in the human workforce and
potentially increase of productivity. Able to plant the seed up to the proper spacing and apply
fertilizer-controlled mechanism are a part its advanced control system. And this results in an
increase in yields. As a result of machine learning and through algorithm applied, crop yields
can be enhanced by the minimization of resources wastage and improved precision farming
techniques. That generation of smart agriculture embodies technologies that work with human
intelligence, data intelligence, and automated systems. They are designed to manage the
negative impacts of modern times and safeguard the lives. Effective implementation of such
approaches not only serves to stabilize the agricultural systems but also to become a symbol
of hope for the (sub) views communities as well as the general clientele. Agricultural sector
will exert its prowess by nominating technology as one of its tools to use after solving
numerous problems and of course, the agricultural sector will be stable to feed both the present
and future population.
Literature Review
In the current scenario most of us have come across the atomization in various fields as the
advancement of technology has to a lead tremendous development in the industrial products
that have made our lives a lot easier and helpful than what our ancestors faced. The
advancements especially in the field of agriculture have helped evolve a new era of
development and growth of different developing countries. The atomization in this field has
been a trademark for the people who are completely dependent on agriculture for their survival
and other needs. Around ten papers reviewed those who worked under this area. Sunitha.Mhas
carried out seeding robotics for the irrigation system. Some of the major problems in the Indian
agricultural are rising of input costs, accessibility of skilled labors, lack of water resources and
crop monitoring. To overcome these problems, the automation technologies with robots were
used in agriculture. The automation in the agriculture could help farmers to reduce their efforts.
M.Priyadarshinihas found on the robot which performs operation like soil, moisture testing,
seeding, spraying pesticides, removes compost from the field, which also performs obstacles
avoidance operation and metal detection in the path. The robot is controlled using cell phone
using DTMF technique. Because of using DTMF technique it overcomes the range or distance
problem of using Bluetooth or RF module which having limited working range. Agribot
integrated system which uses Wi-Fi to communicate between two robots which perform
activities like seeding, weeding, spraying of fertilizers and insecticides. It is controlled using
Arduino Atmega2560 controller and powerful Raspberry pi minicomputer to control and
monitor working of robot. It has hexapod body which can move in any direction as per required.
It has ultrasonic proximity sensor to avoid the obstacles in the path, and underbody sensor
system to detect that seed is planted or not. It can dig a hole in soil plant seed in it and cover
the hole again with soil and necessary pre-emergence fertilizers apply on it and move on along
with communicating with another robot near to it using Wi-Fi. Command based self guided
digging and seed sowing rover, a sensor guided rover for digging, precise seed positioning and
sowing has been proposed to reduce the human effort and also to increase the yield. Ankit
Singh was focused on rover's navigation is performed by remote guiding devices fortified with
the positioning system. It uses Arduino Atmega2560 controller and ultrasonic radar sensor for
obstacle avoidance. It is controlled using wireless module that can be control by
PC/TAB/Mobile. It gives acknowledgement massage of seed tank empty or full to the farmer.
The agribot which perform only two operations like digging hole in field that is ploughing in
the field and then planting a seed at a regular interval and cover the plough area with soil. To
drop the seed stepper motor is used and to dig a hole, spike wheel is used. N. Firthous Begum,
gave the motivation of this research is to decrease harvesting cost and increase the productivity.
Conventional harvesting method is highly labor intensive and inefficient in terms of both
economy and time. Machine harvesting systems by robot are a partial solution to overcome
these issues by removing fruits from the trees efficiently. Thus reduce the harvesting cost to
about 35-45% of total production cost. An agribotis designed to reduce harvesting cost.
Buniyamin N, has said that Mobile robot path planning has a few main properties according
to type of environment, algorithm and completeness. The properties are whether it is static
are dynamic local or global and complete or heuristic. The static path planning refer to
environment which contains no moving objects or obstacles other than a navigating robot and
dynamic path planning refers to an environment which contains dynamic moving and
changing object such as moving obstacle.
Proposed System
System requirements specification is to specify in detail the system components, both hardware
and software, which are needed for the system implementation, along with operational
requirements, as anticipated from the system.
The whole system of the robot works with the battery.The robot requires 12V battery to operate
the system.The base frame consists of four wheels connected to four arms and the rear wheel
is driven by dc motor. One end of the frame, cultivator is driven by dc motor which is made to
dig the soil. The seeds are dropped through drilled hole on the shaft by the linked mechanism
with dug soil processing. A leveler is made to close the seeds and water pump sprayer is used
for spray the water. Bluetooth technology through smart phone is used to control the entire
operation of robot for ploughing, seeding and irrigation systems .

ADOPTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR ENERGY AUTONOMOUS. MULTIPURPOSE

AGRICULTURAL ROBOT

A. Obstacle detection in agriculture involves using sensors and technology to identify and
navigate around obstacles like rocks, plants, or equipment, enhancing the robot to stop moving
Forword.

Fig. 1. Obstructs detector

B. Digging is a fundamental agricultural practice involving the excavation of soil for

various purposes such as planting, irrigation, and soil preparation, essential for crop cultivation
and land management.

Fig. 2. Digging

C. Soil levelling in agriculture involves the process of smoothing and shaping the land
surface to ensure uniformity, making it cover seeds and helps in efficient cultivation practices.
 Fig. 3. Leveling

D. Seeding The automation of agriculture laboring is done by using a mechanized tool.

speed through an implementation of 1rackets at a time with arms tracking. At the beginning,
seeds will be placed in a container then it will be sealed. but be sown out over field area with
proper silings. mentioned in the matching programs.

Fig. 4. seed sowing

E. Insecticide Spraying For the safety of farmers from insecticides which are very harmful
to the health is the purpose. due to the cases of infections workers vulnerability robots will
take over. for farm activities.

Fig. 5. Insecticide sprayer

Methodology
ATmega328p microcontroller is used to control various operations of proposed system. Port1
port2 and port3 of ATmega328p microcontroller are used to control ploughing, seeding,
leveling and water spraying through motor drivers of robot. Digging motors are connected to
output pins (8 &9), seeding motors are connected to output pins (10 &11),Leveling motors are
connected to output pins (16 &17) of motor driver L293D. L293 D is the motor driver for
controlling DC motor operations for digging, seeding and leveling. DC Motor used for wheels
is connected to another L293D driver for proper movement of wheels. Similarly for moisture
soil and water spraying functions, other L293D motor drivers are used. Our project Developed
in 2 Phases in Hardware and Software. The hardware design resulted in interfacing Bluetooth
module, DC motors, Seeding system, leveling system, Digging system the microcontroller
through motor drivers. The software part includes developing and testing with the support of
Bluetooth Terminal APP for movement of wheels, seeding, leveling and water spraying
functions. The C program is developed for microcontroller to control the operation.

Fig.6. Block diagram

MAJOR CHALLENGES
Major challenges faced in agriculture, particularly in small villages, can hinder the progress
of farming efforts:Major challenges faced in agriculture, particularly in small villages, can
hinder the progress of farming efforts:

1. Lack of Infrastructure: Most of the time the residents of small villages do not have
proper facilities or support systems such as the internet connection and stable electric supply.
This will certainly create headaches for agriculturists that will demand access to information
on some resources online but on the other hand privations of electric power that enables
essential tools and machinery to work. Furthermore, such a situation may cause lack of the
talents in running of the high-tech agricultural machines efficiently.

2. Dependence on Solar Energy: Using solar energy-powered agricultural robots as the

sustainable solution for some farming, will ease the burden of some recurring farming works.
Nevertheless, in areas where the cases of solar energy are difficult or unreliable, the situation
can lead to these robots unserviceable or produce no output, thus will impact productivity.

3. Environmental Impact of Chemical Batteries: The utility of chemical batteries of

agricultural materials may become unaffordable and dangerous to the enviroment depending
on the users perspective. The chemical discharge from these batteries not only gives rise to
pollution but also contributes negatively upon coat yield. There is the matter of exploring the
possibility of environmentally friendly power sources as a way of preventing these problems.
4. Limitations of Wireless Communication: Bluetooth enables the establishment of a short
range link between devices including robots that are agricultural. On the other hand, the
efficiency here is restricted because of the range and the long-distance communication is
challenging. Such conditions are quite likely to hamper cooperation between farming device
and human being to a large extent.

5. Navigation Challenges: Sowing and termination are cerebral activities that appeal to human
abilities, so the agribots have limited success in today’s fields. For example, the robot can get
off the course and no longer drops seeds in the right place, which will lead to the lower crop
productivity. It is necessary to have good and proper navigation systems for guaranteeing an
accurate and effective operation which produces a good output. Ensuring the sustainability and
competitiveness of small-scale farming on a large scale requires creative solutions designed to
meet the needs and circumstances present. The only way to solve it is to pump budget money
into the development of physical infrastructure, search for new sources of energy, increase the
level of communication technologies, and improve the navigation systems. Only in this way,
farmers can achieve the desired result and use modern agricultural practices from the full
potential.
Fig. 7. Top view of prototype model

CONCLUSION

An autonomous multipurpose agricultural robot is designed to perform the complex farming

tasks like seed sowing, leveling, digging and pesticide spraying. This work is designed to
perform sowing of different sized seeds. The benefits of robot are reduced human intervention
and efficient resources utilization. Instructions are passed to the system using bluetooth which
ensures no direct contact with human and thus safety of operator is ensured. The robot is solar
powered hence it is renewable energy source. The operations are performed using android app.
Innovative seed sowing, leveling, digging and pesticide sprayer equipment has significant
influence in agriculture. By using this advanced work, farmer can save more time and also
reduce lot of labour cost.

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