Orthographic Drawings Lecture 1

“CIVIL ENGINEERING” – DRAWING
CE-105
LECTURE:1
Prepared by : Samreen Shabbir

ABOUT ME
 Name: Samreen Shabbir
 Professional Experience: 3 years in the Design and drawing
of water and wastewater conveyance and treatment systems.
 Academic Qualification:
1. BE (Civil Engineering), NED University (2011)
2. ME (Environmental Engineering), NED University (2014)

 Contact: [email protected]
CLASS RULES
1. Attendance – 75%: It is important to get the things done

accordingly
2. Only up to 10 minutes late can get the attendance (Please DO NOT

make this practice); however, one can attend the class for learning
purposes
3. The cell phone must be SWITCHED OFF (NOT EVEN IN

SILENT MODE) when you enter the class
4. Class participation is important

SESSIONAL MARKS
1. Presentation 5 marks (Mid of March)
2. Quiz 5 marks (End of March)
3. Class Participation 2 marks (Bonus)

Chapter:3 ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING
FACES OF THE OBJECT

 Front
 Back or Rear
 Left side
 Right side
 Top
 Bottom
PLANES OF PROJECTION
 PLANE
A two dimensional smooth surface having the third dimension negligible.
 PROJECTION
The process of causing an image to be formed by rays of sight emerging from an
object taken in a particular direction from the object to a particular plane .
 PLANES OF PROJECTION
It is the picture plane over which
image of the object is formed.
In Engineering Drawing:
 PICTURE PLANE is considered as a drawing paper.

 Image formed on a picture plane is called a VIEW.
 Three Planes Of
Projection:
 Frontal Plane
 End OR Profile
 Horizontal Plane
1. FRONTAL PLANE
Any plane parallel to a vertical plane passing through main features of the
object on the front is called Frontal Plane.
 This plane shows Height and Length of the Object.

 It always defined with reference to the object.
2. END OR PROFILE
Any vertical plane at right angle to the frontal plane.

It includes height and width of the object.
3. HORIZONTAL PLANE
Any horizontal plane at right angle to both frontal and the profile planes.
it includes length and width of the object.
 SPACE DIMENSIONS
 LENGTH
It is the perpendicular distance between the two profile planes that contain the object. It
is actually the projected horizontal dimension of the object on the front.
 SPACE DIMENSIONS
 WIDTH
It is the perpendicular distance between the two frontal planes that contain the object. It
is actually the projected horizontal dimension of the object on the front.
Note: Always find total dimension considering the overall object and not a part of it.
 HEIGHT
It is the perpendicular distance between the two horizontal planes that contain the object. The
dimension should always be vertical.
 DIMENSIONS APPEARING IN THE VIEWS

The dimensions which appear in three dimensional drawing or photographs are usually not
the original dimensions instead these depend upon the angle of vision.
STATION POINT
A station point is used in linear perspective as a stationary point from which a

viewer is related to the object/figure being rendered. It can be thought of as
the point of reference from which all things in the artwork can be related to.
The station point may be very high or very low. High = bird's-eye-view. Low
= worm's eye view.
PRESPECTIVE PROJECTION
 PRESPECTIVE PROJECTION
The rays of sight emerging from the object tend to meet at any station point a picture
plane is introduced in-between, the view obtained on this picture plane will be perspective view
and the method of projection will be perspective projection .
ADVANTAGES OF PERSPECTIVE VIEW
 The three dimensional outer shape of the object may easily be conceived.
 Perspective views are also shaded and coloured to improve the appearance of an
object.
DISADVANTAGES OF PERSPECTIVE VIEW

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
The word ortho means 90 degree.

 The method of carrying exact shape of an object by carrying perpendicular rays

from two or more sides of the object to picture plane generally at right angles to
each other .
 Important points about orthographic projection are as follows:
1. The rays of sight are always parallel to each other and perpendicular to the
plane of projection.
2. Actual dimensions of the object are represented on the views and we may
scale out the dimensions from these views.
3. Orthographic views are always two dimensional, one of the three general
dimensions is missing in a particular view. Hence the shape is not
represented by a single view and generally three views from different
directions are required.
4. Using certain fixed convections, we may also communicate the inner
shape of the object on these views.
5. No shading or colouring is done in orthographic views except in some
special cases.
EXERCISE
 Orthographic Views( Labeled the object)

Orthographic Drawings Lecture 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Orthographic Drawings Lecture 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Orthographic Drawings Lecture 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

“CIVIL ENGINEERING” – DRAWING

Prepared by : Samreen Shabbir

1. BE (Civil Engineering), NED University (2011)

2. ME (Environmental Engineering), NED University (2014)

1. Attendance – 75%: It is important to get the things done

2. Only up to 10 minutes late can get the attendance (Please DO NOT

3. The cell phone must be SWITCHED OFF (NOT EVEN IN

4. Class participation is important

1. Presentation 5 marks (Mid of March)

2. Quiz 5 marks (End of March)

3. Class Participation 2 marks (Bonus)

FACES OF THE OBJECT

 PICTURE PLANE is considered as a drawing paper.

 This plane shows Height and Length of the Object.

Any vertical plane at right angle to the frontal plane.

 DIMENSIONS APPEARING IN THE VIEWS

A station point is used in linear perspective as a stationary point from which a

ADVANTAGES OF PERSPECTIVE VIEW

DISADVANTAGES OF PERSPECTIVE VIEW

The word ortho means 90 degree.

 The method of carrying exact shape of an object by carrying perpendicular rays

You might also like