Invitation To Social Research How Its Done 5th Edition Adler Test Bank All Chapters
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1. The strategy of how data will be collected is referred to as the
a. hypothesis.
b. manipulation.
c. study design.
d. control.
e. causality.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: page 154
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.01 - Understand study design
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: page 154
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.01 - Understand study design
3. Cross-sectional research
a. is the most widely used type of research.
b. is the least used type of research.
c. generally has large samples.
d. typically uses qualitative analysis.
e. is both the most widely used type of research and generally has large samples.
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: page 155
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.01 - Understand study design
4. A study examining how attitudes about smoking influence other health behaviors, executed by surveying a random
sample of city residents during the month of August is an example of
a. longitudinal research.
b. experimental research.
c. cross-sectional research.
d. case study research.
e. questionnaire research.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: page 156
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.04 - Know the limitations of cross-sectional designs for testing
causal hypotheses
5. When a researcher believes that two variables are related in a causal way, she will be interested in manipulating the
a. dependent variable.
b. independent variable.
c. causal variable.
d. both the independent variable and the causal variable.
e. no variables are manipulated
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: page 157
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.04 - Know the limitations of cross-sectional designs for testing
causal hypotheses
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: page 157
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.04 - Know the limitations of cross-sectional designs for testing
causal hypotheses
7. If we are interested in establishing that two variables are related in a causal way (A causes B), three conditions
must be satisfied. Among the following items, which is not a factor in this determination?
a. A and B must be the result of another variable, C.
b. A must occur prior to B.
c. As A changes, so does B.
d. If B changes, A will change as well.
e. If C changes, A will change as well.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: page 157-158
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.04 - Know the limitations of cross-sectional designs for testing
causal hypotheses
8. Which of the following is not a condition needed to establish causality?
a. There needs to be an empirical association between the independent and dependent variable.
b. The relationship between variables has to be spurious.
c. Temporal precedence needs to be established.
d. The relationship between variables has to be nonspurious.
e. All of these are conditions needed to establish causality.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: page 157-158
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.04 - Know the limitations of cross-sectional designs for testing
causal hypotheses
9. The focal research, Moving On? Continuity and Change after Retirement by Adler and Clark utilized what kind
of study design?
a. panel
b. cross-sectional
c. trend
d. longitudinal
e. both panel and longitudinal
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: page 159
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.01 - Understand study design
10. If you were conducting research using a cross-section design with retrospective questions about childhood and
adolescent years to young people in their twenties, you
a. should yield consistent results.
b. may find this problematic regarding the accuracy of people’s answers about what they felt or did years
before.
c. will have problems with internal validity.
d. will have problems with internal validity and may find it problematic regarding the accuracy of people’s
answers about what they felt or did years before.
e. none of these.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: page 166
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.03 - Recognize advantages and disadvantages of each
nonexperimental design
11. If we were interested in how individuals’ attitudes about smoking marijuana change from adolescence to adulthood,
marriage and parenthood, the most appropriate study design would be
a. longitudinal.
b. case study.
c. cross-sectional.
d. surveys.
e. questionnaires.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: page 166
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.04 - Know the limitations of cross-sectional designs for testing
causal hypotheses
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: page 166
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.04 - Know the limitations of cross-sectional designs for testing
causal hypotheses
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: page 166
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.03 - Recognize advantages and disadvantages of each
nonexperimental design
14. For non-experimental study designs, the approach that will likely optimize our ability to understand how the attitudes
of particular individuals change over time is the
a. case study.
b. panel study.
c. trend study.
d. cross-sectional study.
e. none of these.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: page 167
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.04 - Know the limitations of cross-sectional designs for testing
causal hypotheses
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: page 167
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.03 - Recognize advantages and disadvantages of each
nonexperimental design
16. In conducting longitudinal research, a panel design has several advantages. These include
a. an ability to do research at a low cost.
b. an ability to track individuals over the course of time.
c. an ability to collect data that reflects immediate experience rather than relying on
individual memory.
d. both the ability to track individuals over the course of time and the ability to collect data
that reflects immediate experience rather than relying on individual memory.
e. all of these.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: page 167
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.04 - Know the limitations of cross-sectional designs for testing
causal hypotheses
17. Study A involves two samples from the same population that are surveyed at two different times. Study B involved
collecting data from the same sample over two time periods. Study A is a study and Study B is a
study.
a. cohort; panel
b. cross-sectional; case
c. trend; panel
d. longitudinal; cross-sectional
e. case; cohort
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: page 167-171
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.02 - Identify and compare cross-sectional, panel, trend, cohort, and
case study designs
18. If we are obtaining data from the same sample at two or more points in time, it is likely that it will be impossible to
locate some of the sample members for follow-up interviews. This is known as
a. panel fatigue.
b. panel mortality.
c. panel attrition.
d. panel measurement failure.
e. cross-sectional failure.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: page 168
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.04 - Know the limitations of cross-sectional designs for testing
causal hypotheses
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: page 169
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.03 - Recognize advantages and disadvantages of each
nonexperimental design
20. The advantage of trend studies is that they
a. avoid panel attrition.
b. avoid panel conditioning.
c. save the expense of finding the original participants.
d. enable the researcher to collect data anonymously.
e. All of these are advantages to trend studies.
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: page 169
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.03 - Recognize advantages and disadvantages of each
nonexperimental design
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: page 169
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.04 - Know the limitations of cross-sectional designs for testing
causal hypotheses
22. As we administer the same survey to panel members on several occasions, there is a chance they will be affected
by the questions. This is known as
a. panel fatigue.
b. panel learning.
c. panel conditioning.
d. panel attrition.
e. questionnaire familiarity.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: page 169
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.04 - Know the limitations of cross-sectional designs for testing
causal hypotheses
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: page 170-171
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.03 - Recognize advantages and disadvantages of each
nonexperimental design
24. A cohort is a group of people who
a. don’t mind answering surveys.
b. are all likely to provide the same answers to survey questions.
c. have an event or experience in common.
d. are likely to be very difficult to track for follow up surveys.
e. meet at least once a year.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: page 171
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.04 - Know the limitations of cross-sectional designs for testing
causal hypotheses
25. If we are interested in learning about how social and economic elites influence decision making in one city and will
rely upon census data, newspaper accounts, interviews, and surveys to do this research, we are relying on the
study design.
a. case
b. non-experimental
c. trend
d. longitudinal
e. questionnaire
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: page 172
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.04 - Know the limitations of cross-sectional designs for testing
causal hypotheses
26. If we are interested in generating new theoretical perspectives in an area where little research has been done, we
would most likely use
a. a panel study.
b. a case study.
c. a cross-sectional study.
d. a trend study.
e. applied research.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: page 172
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.04 - Know the limitations of cross-sectional designs for testing
causal hypotheses
27. If we were interested in testing the relationship between cigarette advertising and cigarette smoking by teenagers, a
study design that would be least appropriate would be
a. a panel study.
b. a case study.
c. a cross-sectional study.
d. a trend study.
e. None of these would be appropriate.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: page 172
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.03 - Recognize advantages and disadvantages of each
nonexperimental design
28. The case studies that have become social science classics describe specific people and places, but
a. also provide a sense of understanding about general categories of the social world.
b. lack generalizability.
c. have been particularly weak at generating new ideas and theories.
d. are not particularly appropriate for exploratory or descriptive purposes.
e. both lack generalizability and have been particularly weak at generating new ideas and
theories.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: page 173
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.05 - Design cross-sectional, panel, trend, cohort, and case studies
for specific research purposes
29. A study design must balance ethical, practical, and methodological issues.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: page 154
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.01 - Understand study design
30. If a researcher has a good idea about how one variable affects another, she will be interested in testing a causal
hypothesis.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: page 154
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.01 - Understand study design
31. One of the potential problems with longitudinal research is keeping in contact with respondents over time and
keeping their information confidential.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: page 155
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.03 - Recognize advantages and disadvantages of each
nonexperimental design
32. A cross-sectional research design relies on obtaining data from a cross-section of the population over several points
in time.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: page 156
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.02 - Identify and compare cross-sectional, panel, trend, cohort, and
case study designs
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: page 156
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.03 - Recognize advantages and disadvantages of each
nonexperimental design
34. An antecedent variable is one that is responsible for change in the independent variable only.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: page 158
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.04 - Know the limitations of cross-sectional designs for testing
causal hypotheses
35. The focal research example on retirement by Adler and Clark utilized a cross-sectional study design.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: page 159
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.02 - Identify and compare cross-sectional, panel, trend, cohort, and
case study designs
36. Asking respondents about past events can create issues regarding external validity.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: page 166
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.03 - Recognize advantages and disadvantages of each
nonexperimental design
37. One advantage of longitudinal study designs is being allowed to document patterns of change over time.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: page 167
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.03 - Recognize advantages and disadvantages of each
nonexperimental design
38. In a panel design, researchers assemble a panel of experts and ask them about opinions on a topic of interest.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: page 167
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.02 - Identify and compare cross-sectional, panel, trend, cohort, and
case study designs
39. If a respondent dies between two data collections, she has contributed to panel fatigue.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: page 168
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.03 - Recognize advantages and disadvantages of each
nonexperimental design
40. A real advantage of case study designs is the fact that we can generalize from these findings to other settings.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: page 173
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.03 - Recognize advantages and disadvantages of each
nonexperimental design
41. When a case is selected because of its uniqueness for a study, Robert Stake calls this an intrinsic case study.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: page 173
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.02 - Identify and compare cross-sectional, panel, trend, cohort, and
case study designs
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: page 173
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: AISR.ADLE.15.07.03 - Recognize advantages and disadvantages of each
nonexperimental design
43. Identify and explain the major challenges to doing research using longitudinal study designs.
44. What must be established to prove that variables are causally related?
45. Explain the difference between a panel study and a cohort study.
46. Consider the following variables: age, marital status, income, and educational attainment. Develop a hypothesis with
at least two of the variables. Then, design a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study to test your hypothesis.
He felt strange upon reaching the hotel and engaging his room. He had
very little acquaintance with hotels of any kind, save, perhaps, when he had
stayed at the seaside in the company of his relations. John Clithero was
quite suburban in his ideas of the annual holiday. It was a new experience,
then, for Mostyn to find himself alone and independent in one of London's
huge caravansaries, and it was not altogether without its element of charm.
He felt himself that evening more the man than he had ever done in his
life before; the whole world was before him, and he had to carve out his
own path through it.
He dined alone, in the great restaurant, but he was too excited to take
any particular notice either of the food that was put before him or of the
smart crowd by which he was surrounded. He was anxious for the time to
pass so that he might wend his way to the Imperial Club, which was in Pall
Mall, and so not very far away, and there talk over the whole matter with
Pierce Trelawny. He fancied that Pierce might have friends dining with him,
and so he did not like to intrude himself too early at the club.
It was ten o'clock when he gave his name to the hall porter and asked to
see Mr. Trelawny. Pierce came to him immediately. His friends had just
taken their departure, for they were due at the Empire, where the Derby
crowd was sure to collect in force. All of which Pierce explained before he
had time to notice how pale and distressed Mostyn appeared.
"It's jolly lucky you found me, Mostyn," he said heartily, "for I might
have gone out in another ten minutes. But what on earth has brought you
round to the club at this time of the night? I never thought you would have
been allowed such a dissipation."
Pierce glanced quickly into his friend's face and realised that there must
indeed have been trouble. "Poor old chap!" he exclaimed. "I was blind not
to see that there was something wrong. Come along up to the smoking-
room; we can find a corner, and you shall tell me all about it."
As they were about to set their feet on the broad staircase they were
buttonholed by Captain Armitage, who was coming downstairs to the hall.
He laid a hand upon an arm of each of the young men—almost as if to
support himself—and began to talk hoarsely of the day's racing.
"I dropped a pot," he muttered. "Infernal bad luck! Didn't even back
Hipponous. Lost my money in backing old Rory's horses so often that I
couldn't think his luck was going to turn. Damnable—what?"
It was some moments before Pierce could shake him off; then, as the two
young men continued their way up the stairs, Pierce commented in no
unmeasured terms upon Captain Armitage as a member of the club.
"How did he get in?" asked Mostyn, for the sake of saying something.
"Oh, he was quite a decent sort in his younger days," returned Pierce,
"and it's for the sake of old times that my uncle and other good-natured
people put up with him. Then they are sorry for his daughter, Rada—she
has quaint ways—but they suit her somehow."
"Do they?" Mostyn spoke the words viciously, upon a tone of doubt:
from his experience of that afternoon he was not at all inclined to attribute
virtues to Rada. He felt, indeed, that he disliked her intensely.
Mostyn made no further objection, but took a long draught from the tall
tumbler when it was set before him. The piece of ice that floated on the
liquid was cool against his lips, and he liked the touch of it.
And so, a little fresh colour creeping into his cheeks, he told his story,
and Pierce listened attentively, with only an occasional interruption, an
interruption that usually took the form of some muttered comment by no
means flattering to Mr. John Clithero.
"He killed my mother; he bullied her to death. My brothers are his idea
of rectitude. That's the kind of man my father is." Mostyn spoke bitterly, as
he felt. Never before in his life had he allowed himself to breathe a word
against his father, whatever his own feelings may have been; but it was
different now.
He gulped down one or two mouthfuls of his brandy-and-soda, then
glanced up at his friend, who appeared lost in thought. "I'm not only
worrying about myself, Pierce," he said. "It was Cicely who asked me to see
you this evening. You see it is quite possible"—he broke off, hardly
knowing how to explain himself.
"I see it is." Pierce drummed his fingers restlessly on the ornate little
table before him. "Your father knows I induced you to go to the Derby, and
he may forbid Cicely to see me again. I'm inclined to think that that's what
is going to happen." He frowned, staring at his tumbler. "Of course, I shan't
give her up," he went on, "but things may pan out badly for us. My old dad
hates your father, and he was wild when he knew that I had fallen in love
with a Clithero. I don't know how he'll take it if there should be any
opposition on your father's side. He likes Cicely, so he may tell me to go
ahead and marry her, or he may say that it's a good thing for me the
engagement is broken off. Cicely is under age, too, and won't be free to do
as she likes for another year. It's a devil of a mess: anyway, I shall see Mr.
Clithero first thing to-morrow morning and have it out with him," he added
with decision; "and I rather think the interview will be a stormy one." He
pursed up his lips, thinking that he was perhaps better able than Mostyn to
hold his own with the redoubtable John Clithero.
Mostyn shook his head. "No," he replied. "I'm going to fight for myself.
Unfortunately I don't think I'm good for much. Of course, I shall have to
give up the Bar."
For a moment Mostyn made no answer, but once more lifted his tumbler
to his lips; when he spoke it was with decision. "No," he said. "It's awfully
good of you, Pierce, and I haven't the smallest doubt that you could do as
you say, but there is nothing that your father or your uncle could give me—
nothing well paid, at any rate—that I should be fit for. It would be just the
same as taking charity."
Pierce was loud in his protest against such principles as these, but he
argued in vain. Mostyn had quite made up his mind; he had thought it all
over during his solitary dinner, and had decided upon his course of action.
He would accept help from no one. He would undertake no work unless it
was such as he conscientiously felt he was able to perform. Of course, he
had not forgotten Anthony Royce; but if it was money that the latter
proposed to offer him, money to be expended upon racing, then, in the light
of the present position, Mostyn did not see his way to accept. What, after
all, did his foolish words spoken upon the coach matter? They were uttered
in a moment of heat, and no one would remember them. He had to think of
earning his living now: he had probably been to his first and last race
meeting.
He had decided to try his luck with journalism; he had an aptitude for
writing, and he had a friend who was on the staff of an important London
paper. He would look up Arden Travers on the morrow and take the
journalist's advice as to the proper manner of setting to work.
Pierce expressed his opinion that this was a grievous folly, but at the
same time he could not help admiring Mostyn's pluck. There was, at any
rate, no harm in trying. So nothing was said on the subject of help to be
provided from outside sources, and the two young men parted at about half-
past eleven, after making an appointment to meet the following evening,
when Mostyn would report how he had got on with his journalist friend,
and Pierce would relate the result of his interview with John Clithero.
"Are you going? That's a good thing, for I'm just off, too." The captain's
voice had grown still more husky, and he dragged his feet across the stone
floor with a shambling gait; nevertheless, he was quite master of himself.
"I'm glad I caught sight of you," he said with assumed geniality of tone,
"for I was going away by myself, and I hate being alone. We'll walk
together a bit, my young friend, and you shall tell me of your ambitions to
run race-horses and to win the Derby." He chuckled as he spoke, with an
irritating noise in the depth of his throat, and he passed his arm under
Mostyn's, leaning heavily upon it.
The old man shook his head. "I want a little fresh air first," he mumbled.
"It does me good to walk part of the way home, and I love the London
streets at this time of night." He waved his free hand. "It's life," he
chuckled, "and it makes me think of the days when I was a boy and full of
life. It's too early to go home yet."
"Bloomsbury," was the muttered answer. "Lodgings—a dirty hole; not fit
for a gentleman to live in—not fit for a girl like Rada. People don't know
where we stay when we are in London; I keep it dark." As a matter of fact,
everybody who knew Captain Armitage knew that his lodgings were of the
poorest; he made the same confession to everybody, when, as was usually
the case towards night, he exchanged the braggart for a sort of maudling
sentimentality. By day he was the old soldier, a man who was as good as
any in the land—his swagger was proverbial; at night, or after an
exaggerated bout of drinking, his mood would change, and it was sympathy
for which he craved. There was nothing he enjoyed more at such times than
to dwell upon his bye-gone sins.
Mostyn felt constrained to remonstrate. "I didn't think you were in such
desperate straits, Captain Armitage," he said. "What about Castor?"
"Ah!" The old man drew himself up with a sudden jerk. "You remind
me: that's just what I wanted to talk about. Castor's my horse, a two-year
old; you wouldn't find a better if you searched the United Kingdom from
end to end. Old Rory's Pollux isn't in it with the colt. A Derby winner, sir, if
I know anything about racing. Well, I can sell Castor if I think fit." He
glanced meaningly at Mostyn as he spoke.
"Why would you sell Castor if you feel so sure about him?" queried
Mostyn, "There may be a fortune in the horse."
"Perhaps, but I'm broke—broke to the world; things have been going
precious bad with me lately." The old man tapped Mostyn on the arm with
his bony knuckle. "Now, there's you," he continued, "a young man of
promise, a sportsman in embryo, keen as they make 'em. You were saying
to-day that you wanted to win a big race. Well, here's your chance. You can
have Castor for a song, a mere song. What do you say to fifteen hundred
pounds?" He leered insinuatingly. "It's the chance of a lifetime."
Mostyn laughed aloud. Fifteen hundred pounds! He who had but a tithe
of that sum in the world. However, Captain Armitage was hardly to be
blamed for the error into which he had fallen, for Mostyn had certainly
contrived to give a false impression that day. It was all due to that absurd
enthusiasm of his.
"I shall never own race-horses," he said humbly. "I've got no money for
such things. I was only saying what I felt, not because I hoped ever to do it
really."
Captain Armitage's hand dropped from Mostyn's arm. His jaw fell and
he muttered something in his beard. He was annoyed at having been
deceived; he had taken Mostyn for a young man of wealth and position, or
he would not have wasted his breath upon him.
"Call it what you like." Mostyn was not prepared to argue the point. "It's
certainly true that I have no intention whatever of going in for racing."
Once again Captain Armitage muttered in his beard, and Mostyn was
quite assured that the remark was not complimentary to himself. They
walked on a few paces almost in silence, then suddenly the captain turned
his head, and muttering, "There's a friend of mine; so long!" waved his hand
airily and was hidden in the crowd that thronged the street. Mostyn stood
still, and after a moment or so, he saw the unmistakable figure of his
military friend disappearing, unaccompanied, under the flaming portals of a
public-house.
It was a different aspect of life from that which he had studied earlier in
the day, and it was another emotion that stirred him as he watched. For was
it not well that a man should see all sides, that he should judge for himself?
The policy of repression, that which he had known all his life long—John
Clithero's policy—now, more than ever, Mostyn saw the fallacy of it. The
thing forbidden has a fascination which blinds the eyes to its danger; wilful
ignorance may engender excess. Mostyn knew what it was to struggle with
temptation, but his sense of honour and duty had held him in check. A
weaker nature might easily have succumbed. As he watched, he reflected
upon the attraction which this scene had had for his imagination; but he was
not so sure that he felt the same about it now.
By the curb stood a woman clad in the Salvation Army dress. She spoke
to many, but was rudely repulsed. A stout young man, whose face Mostyn
had not seen, was assisting a smartly-dressed woman into the hansom
which had been summoned for him. The Salvation Army girl approached
him. She lifted her arms and extended them straight out to the right and left,
finally bringing them forward and pressing them together as if she were
striving against a great weight. In that gesture she seemed to concentrate
upon one man alone all the veiled sin, the careless folly of the scene.
He repulsed her roughly, muttering an oath. He pushed her from him into
the gutter. Mostyn sprang forward, fearing that she would fall, and at that
moment, as he dragged her back to the pavement, he caught a glimpse of
the face of the young man who had acted so brutally.
There could be no mistaking those pale, pasty cheeks, nor the thin
streaks of nondescript coloured hair hanging over the forehead—it was
Mostyn's brother Charles—Charles, whose idea of honour had impelled him
to play the part of tale-bearer and slanderer.
As the cab drove off, Mostyn laughed aloud. He was not really surprised.
He had often had his suspicions of Charles in this particular direction,
though he had never voiced them. Charles professed to be keenly interested
in some East End Mission work, and it was understood that he stayed
occasionally with his friend who conducted the Mission. Mostyn
remembered that he had arranged to be absent that particular evening. Well
—it all fell in with Mostyn's reflections. Charles was a weaker spirit, and he
had yielded to temptation—yielded dishonourably, hiding his weakness
behind a lie.
"At a late hour to-night, intelligence has come to hand of a fatal accident
to the well-known American financier and explorer, Mr. Anthony Royce.
Particulars are still wanting, but Mr. Royce's death is reported to be due to a
motor-car mishap."
Whatever scheme may have been in the financier's mind, whatever the
suggestion that he wished to propose to Mostyn, here was an end to it all.
Anthony Royce had carried his plan with him to the grave.
CHAPTER VI.
Some four or five days later, Mostyn found himself in the private office
of Mr. Gilbert Chester, head partner in the well-known firm of Chester and
Smithers, solicitors. He had received a mysterious letter from the firm,
requesting him to attend that day upon a matter of the utmost importance to
himself—a matter which would be explained in full when he visited the
office.
The letter had necessarily reached him in a round-about way, for it had
originally been addressed to his father's house in Bryanston Square, and had
then been sent on to him to his lodgings—for he had allowed no delay
before settling himself in an unpretentious apartment—by Cicely, to whom
he had confided his address, and who had seen to it that the rest of his
personal belongings had been packed and delivered up to him. Mostyn had
at first imagined that the solicitors may have had some communication to
make to him on behalf of his father, but this would have been strange, for
the latter had never employed the firm of Chester and Smithers.
As he sat with other waiting clients in the outer office, Mostyn reviewed
the circumstances of the last few days. These had been anything but
satisfactory, and, indeed, he had already made a great gap in that hundred
pounds of his, for he had remembered certain debts to tradesmen which it
was incumbent on him to pay since he wished to begin his new life with a
clean sheet.
He was very disappointed—he had found that his journalist friend was
not in London, having been sent to Scotland to report a big case at
Edinburgh; it might be a week before he returned. In the meanwhile
Mostyn, in his humble lodgings, was occupying himself by studying
journalism according to the rules laid down in certain books which he had
purchased, and which professed to give complete instruction in the art. He
varied this by visits to the British Museum, which was close at hand, with
some vague idea in his mind that this was a spot he would have to frequent
in the future, and that it was well to get accustomed to it at once.
As he had feared, matters had gone wrong, too, with Cicely and Pierce.
The latter had lost no time in visiting John Clithero. There had been an
angry scene between the two men, and Pierce had been incontinently shown
the door. Mr. Clithero had declared that he would never give his consent to
his daughter's marriage with such a man as Pierce Trelawny while he had
any say in the matter, and if Cicely chose to disobey him—well, it would be
at her own risk.
Under these circumstances, Pierce had decided to go and see his father,
who lived at Randor Park, in Worcestershire. What the result of this visit
would be was an open question, and as yet Mostyn had received no news,
though his friend had been gone a couple of days.
At last Mostyn was summoned to the presence of the great man. Mr.
Chester received him with peculiar warmth.
"I am glad you have taken an early opportunity of seeing us, Mr.
Clithero," so Mr. Chester began. He always spoke of himself as "we" or
"us," though, indeed, Mr. Smithers, the other partner of the firm, had long
since retired. "We have some very important intelligence for you." He
cleared his throat with a little suggestive cough. "Very important indeed."
"Our client was always a man who acted immediately upon any
resolution he may have taken," Mr. Chester explained. "He had evidently
made up his mind that afternoon, the day upon which he met you, and, as
usual, followed his impulse. Of course, poor man, he could not have
anticipated that he was to meet his death that night; indeed, as we happen to
know, all his preparations were made for a second expedition into the heart
of Africa. A fine fellow, Mr. Clithero, a man of sterling merit, and no one
regrets his loss more than we do. It was a shocking accident: you know all
the particulars, of course?"
Mostyn nodded: the papers had been very full of the disaster on the day
after it had happened. Anthony Royce, it appeared, had dined at his London
house after his return from the Derby, and then, at a later hour of the
evening, had left London in his motor-car for his country residence, which
was in the neighbourhood of Ware; it was upon the road that the accident
had happened. The night had been very dark, and Royce, who was driving
himself, had apparently, through some accident to the machinery, lost
control of the car upon one of the steep hills in the neighbourhood. The
motor had dashed into a wall; Royce had been thrown out, receiving a
terrible blow upon the head, the result of which had been almost
immediately fatal.
Mostyn was gazing at the paper before him, but at the moment he could
not make head nor tail of it—the words all seemed blurred and jumbled
together. "What does it mean?" he asked helplessly.
"Mr. Royce bequeaths to you the sum of two and a half million dollars,"
Chester explained slowly, tapping the table with his knuckles as though to
enforce the significance of his words. "But there are certain conditions—
certain conditions," he added, "and you will, no doubt, find some difficulty
in complying with them."
"Just so. The capital sum of which I have spoken is not to be handed
over to you for the space of a year, though you may enjoy the interest upon
it. Within this period it is incumbent upon you to win any one of certain
races, the names of which are formally enumerated. Some dozen are
mentioned, and they include the principal events of the year, together with
the five classic races. A sum of one hundred thousand dollars, in addition to
the interest upon the millions, is to be placed at your immediate disposal, so
that as far as money goes, Mr. Clithero, you should be well equipped for
your task. Finally, Mr. Royce leaves to you absolutely his property in
Cambridgeshire known as Partinborough Grange." Mr. Chester ceased
drumming on the desk with his finger, and adjusted his pince-nez upon his
nose. "I trust you are already well conversant with sporting matters, Mr.
Clithero?" he added.
"Good heavens, no!" Mostyn stared aghast, the corners of his lips drawn
down. "I'm as ignorant of sport as the babe unborn! I don't even know what
the classic events are. The whole thing is so extraordinary that I don't know
what to say about it; you have dazed me—taken my breath away!"
"Of course we cannot say what actuated our client to make such a
bequest," said the lawyer smoothly. "We have only to deal with facts, and
there is no doubt in the present case everything is in order. It is a strange
will, but it is not likely to be disputed. I presume, Mr. Clithero, ignorant of
sport though you may be, that you will do your best to carry out Mr.
Royce's wishes?"
"I—I suppose I shall." Mostyn had taken up the paper from the desk and
was pretending to read it; this, however, was to hide his embarrassment, and
to give him time for reflection. It was beginning to dawn upon him that the
extraordinary legacy was a result of the scene upon the coach when he,
Mostyn, prompted by Royce, had undertaken to win a Derby in five years'
time. This eccentric friend of his had wished to give him a sporting chance
of doing so. But that Royce should have executed a will that same day,
containing, moreover, such drastic stipulations, that was the inexplicable
part of the whole thing.
He pulled himself together and sat upright in his chair. "Mr. Royce
wanted to make a sportsman of me," he said, "I can see that. Well, I shall do
my best to realise his ambition."
Mr. Chester smiled, the smile that he reserved for his most important
clients, to which number he hoped that Mostyn would be added. "Well, I'm
sure we wish you all success, Mr. Clithero," he said. He rose and extended a
white hand. "Come and see us again to-morrow—let me see—yes—at
11.15, and we will discuss the matter at length. By the way," he added,
"since you will, no doubt, wish to visit your new property shortly, we'll
write to the gardener, whose name is Willis, and who has the charge of it, to
notify him that you may be expected at any time."
Mostyn returned to his humble lodgings, the spirit of elation still upon
him. What an extraordinary twist had come into his life! There was no fear
of poverty—no need to depend upon the charity of his friends—for a year,
at least, he was rich and independent, and ultimately—unless he failed to
carry out what was imposed upon him—the laugh would be with him and
not with Rada. He wondered why he should think so much about Rada, but
of course it was because she had insulted him, and he had conceived such
an antipathy to the girl.
Alone in his own room he opened Anthony Royce's letter, a letter
written, no doubt, when there was no thought in the writer's mind of the fate
that awaited him.
"My dear Mostyn," so he read, "You have bound yourself to-day to win a
Derby in five years. I suggested ten—but that is immaterial. Well, I have
my own reasons for wishing to help you to do so. I am going out of town
to-night, but I shall return to-morrow; come and see me the day after, and
we will discuss ways and means. I have not the smallest doubt that when
your father learns of your escapade to-day he will turn you out—cut you
adrift—but if he does not do so, my offer may still be acceptable to you.
"You have the true instincts of the sportsman in you, I have seen that for
myself. Besides, you are your mother's son and I took to you instinctively
from the first. That is why I feel justified in helping you to a sporting career.
I don't know what we may decide between ourselves, but since I am a man
who takes no chances, I have this evening added a codicil to my will, and
what I shall propose to you will be much upon the same lines."
Here followed a recapitulation of the codicil. "You will see from this,"
the letter continued, "that I have no intention of making things too easy for
you. It is a hard task for any man—even with unlimited capital—to pull off
one of these races in a year. But if you succeed, well—you will earn a big
fortune, and you may be able to manage the Derby within the stipulated
time. In any case it gives you a sporting chance.
"You will ask why I do this, and if it is only out of regard for yourself
and for your mother's memory. It is not only that, Mostyn. I will confess
that it is by way of revenge upon your father, whom I have good cause for
hating. You will understand this when I tell you that he lied about me to the
girl to whom I was engaged—your mother; that he took advantage of my
absence from England to spread a calumny which he, better than anyone
else, knew to be absolutely false. I returned to England to find my good
name injured and the woman I loved the bride of the very man who had
wrought me this wrong. I could do nothing at the time, there were reasons
which made me helpless—I was driven from England, and became a
naturalised American.
"But my hatred endured, and, through you, I may obtain the kind of
revenge that is dear to my heart—no very bitter revenge perhaps, but one
that appeals to my sense of humour. Narrow-minded Pharisee as is your
father, nothing will gall him more than that a son of his should become
known in the world of sport—and if you accept my offer you will have to
steep yourself in racing. However, we will talk this over when we meet—it
is not very likely that you will be bound by the terms of a will drawn up by
a man in rude health like myself. I hope to live to see you win your Derby,
my boy—and for many years after that. But, as a safeguard to yourself, it is
just as well that the will is there."
A few words of friendship followed, and the letter closed with Anthony
Royce's bold signature. Mostyn, having read it through several times, threw
himself back in his armchair and gave himself up to reflection.
He realised that the plot was aimed against his father. He remembered
how Royce's sides had shaken with silent laughter—the American was just
the sort of man to devise so subtle a revenge. Had Royce been still alive—
had John Clithero been kinder—Mostyn might have hesitated before
accepting, but now he had no compunction.
Suddenly he sprang to his feet and clapped his hands boyishly together.
"Castor!" he cried. "Captain Armitage's colt! The very thing—entered for
the Derby and all! Rada thinks a lot of the horse—I heard her say so. So
does Sir Roderick. And the captain wants to sell—fifteen hundred pounds—
what's fifteen hundred pounds to me now?"
He thought intently for a moment. "Jove, how it all works out!" he cried.
"The Armitages live at Partingborough, and now I'm a man of property in
that neighbourhood. I'll go and take possession of the Grange—I'll go to-
morrow. Then I'll make my first investment—I'll buy Castor. Oh, Rada"—
he laughed aloud in his glee—"I wonder what you'll say if I win the Derby
next year, and with the horse you think so much of?" His face grew
reflective. "I can't make up my mind what I think of you really, Miss Rada
Armitage," he said slowly, "I ought to hate you, but I'm not sure—I'm not
sure. Yet I feel this; you have come into my life—you have influenced it—
and we have not done with each other yet. You've put me on my mettle,
Rada, and it's going to be a tussle between us."
CHAPTER VII.
MOSTYN IS SURPRISED.
"If the details of this extraordinary will are given to the public," he said,
"it's very plain that my task will be made more difficult—for me. Dealers
will ask what they like for their horses because they will know that I simply
must purchase. Every swindler in England will be on my track. I shall be
exploited right and left. That's clear, I think. Now, Mr. Chester, is it
essential that the will shall be published before my year is up?"
Mr. Chester gave the matter his very careful attention. It was palpably a
point of importance. When he spoke it was in his usual oracular vein.
"What you say is very reasonable, Mr. Clithero, and, upon consideration,
we think we can meet you in the matter. There will be no difficulty in
realising the estate of the late Mr. Royce, since it is mainly in American
gold bonds, payable to bearer; and, since the ultimate trusts are of such a
nature that they will not come into force for a full year, we see no reason
why probate should not be delayed for the period you require. This must, of
course, be subject to the consent of the American agents, but we do not
anticipate difficulty with them."
Mostyn felt intensely relieved, and said so. He had been dreading the
amount of public interest that would certainly have been aroused in his
undertaking. Now he would confide in Pierce and Cicely, but in no one else.
This point settled, Mostyn took his departure, after announcing his
intention of going down to Partinborough that day. He had an idea in his
head that Mr. Royce may have had some subtle object in mind in
bequeathing him this estate, situated, as it was, so close to the home of the
Armitages. Was it perhaps Castor of which he had been thinking—or could
he have desired to throw Mostyn and Rada together? It was impossible to
guess. All Mostyn knew of his property was that it had been rarely occupied
by the American, and that the house was an old one, only partly furnished
and very much out of repair.
He wished he had been able to talk it all over with Pierce, but Pierce was
still away at his father's house in Worcestershire: Mostyn had received a
letter from him that afternoon, just as he was leaving for the station. He had
perused it hastily, and then thrust it into his pocket. Now, having time at his
disposition, he drew it out and read it for the second time.