Electromagnetism ERM
Electromagnetism ERM
Electromagnetism ERM
2024-25
Grade: 10 Subject: Physics
BHOPAL
CHAPTER: ELECTROMAGNETISM
Points to remember:
Magnetic Field
The space around a magnet or a current carrying conductor in which its effect can be experienced, is called
magnetic field.
Magnetic field is a vector quantity. Its SI unit is tesla (T)
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Electromagnet
An electromagnet is a solenoid that works like a magnet when current flows through it. It consists of a long
insulated copper wire wound around a soft iron core. The magnetic effect remains, till the current is flowing
through the solenoid.
Uses of Electromagnet
Following are the uses of electromagnet
(i) It is used for lifting and transporting large masses of iron scrap, girder, plates, etc.
(ii) It is used for loading the furnace with iron.
(iii) It is used for separating the magnetic substances such as iron from debris and raw materials.
(iv) It is used for removing pieces of iron from wounds.
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The direction of force which acts on a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field is given by Fleming’s
left hand rule.
It states that, if the forefinger, thumb and middle finger of left hand are stretched mutually perpendicular to each
other and the forefinger points along the direction of external magnetic field, middle finger indicates the direction
of current, then thumb points the direction of
force acting on the conductor.
Electromagnetic Induction
The phenomenon of production of emf in a conductor on changing the magnetic field around it, is called
electromagnetic induction.
EXAMINATION REFERENCE MATERIAL
2024-25
Grade: 10 Subject: Physics
BHOPAL
Fleming’s Right-Hand Rule
The direction of induced current in a straight conductor is given by Fleming’s right-hand rule. It states that, if the
forefinger, middle finger and thumb of the right hand are stretched at right angles to each other, with the forefinger
in the direction of the field and the thumb in the direction of the motion of the wire, then the current in the wire is in
the direction of the middle finger.
Advantages of AC over DC
Advantages of AC over DC are as follow
(i) With the help of a transformer, AC at any desired voltage can be obtained.
(ii) AC can be easily converted into DC by using a device called rectifier.
(iii) The cost of generation of AC is less than the cost of generation of DC.
(iv) AC can be controlled without much loss of electric power than DC.
(v) AC machines are very durable and do not need much maintenance.
(vi) For long distance transmission, AC is preferred as it causes minimum loss of energy during transmission.
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Transformer
It is a device which is used to increase or decrease the
amplitude of an alternating emf.
The transformers are of following types
(i) Step-up transformer
(ii) Step-down transformer
Principle of Transformer
It is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction i.e., producing induced current in second ( secondary)coil
by changing magnetic flux in the first ( primary) coil.
The following figures show step-up and step-down transformer
Uses of Transformers
Transformers are used in almost all AC operations.
Some of them are given below
(i) In the induction furnaces.
(ii) In voltage regulators for TV, computer, refrigerator, etc.
(iii) A step-down transformer is used for the purpose of weldings.
(iv) In the transmission of AC over long distances.
M.C.Q.
1. The presence of magnetic field at a point can be detected by:
(a) A strong magnet (b) A solenoid
(c) A compass needle (d) A current carrying wire
2. On reversing the direction of current in a wire, the magnetic field produced by it:
(a) Gets reversed in direction (b) Increases in strength
(c) Decreases in strength (d) Remains unchanged in strength and direction
3. The direction of induced current is obtained by:
(a) Fleming’s left hand rule (b) Clock rule
(c) Right hand thumb rule (d) Fleming’s right hand rule
4. A straight wire lying in a horizontal plane carries a current from North to South. Magnetic field at a point
directly below the wire is
(a) East (b) West
(c) North (d) South
5. On reversing the direction of current in a wire the magnetic field produced by it
EXAMINATION REFERENCE MATERIAL
2024-25
Grade: 10 Subject: Physics
BHOPAL
(a) get reversed in direction (b) increases in strength
(c) decreases in strength (d) remains unchanged in strength and direction
6. In which of the following cases emf is not induced?
(a) A current is started in a wire held near a loop of wire
(b) The current is switched off in a wire held near a loop of wire
(c) A magnet is moved through a loop of wire
(d) A loop of wire is held near a magnet
7. A permanent magnet can be demagnetised by using a solenoid and switching the current on then off. Which
diagram shows the most effective method of producing demagnetisation?
8. The diagram below shows a free conductor AB is kept in a magnetic field and is carrying current from A to B.
(To avoid confusion complete path of the circuit is not shown) The direction of the force experienced by the
conductor will be:
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1. straight lines
2. concentric circles
3. elliptical lines
4. squares
13. The point where two magnetic fields are equal but opposite in direction is called a:
1. parallel point
2. magnetic point
3. pole point
4. neutral point
14. Which of the following statements is not true ?
1. The strength of magnetic field due to a bar magnet can be changed.
2. A solenoid behaves like a bar magnet i.e. it attracts iron filings.
3. The magnetic field increases if a soft iron core is placed along the axis of solenoid.
4. The magnetic field lines inside the solenoid are nearly straight and parallel to the axis of solenoid.
15. Which of the following statements is not true for an electromagnet ?
1. It is made of soft iron.
2. Its magnetic field strength can be changed.
3. The polarity of an electromagnet cannot be changed.
4. It can easily be demagnetised.
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LEVEL 1
1. How does the strength of magnetic field due to a current carrying conductor depend upon
(i) distance from the conductor
(ii) current flowing through the conductor?
2. What will happen to a compass needle when the compass is placed below a wire and a current is made to flow
through the wire? Give a reason to justify your answer.
3. (i) Why does a current carrying freely suspended solenoid rest along a particular direction?
(ii) State the direction in which it rests.
4. Consider a circular loop of wire lying in the plane of table. Let the current pass through the loop clockwise.
Apply the right hand rule to find out the direction of the magnetic field inside and outside the loop.
5. State two advantages of an electromagnet over a permanent magnet.
6. The given figure shows a DC motor model used by a student to study electromagnetism.
The two ends of the coil are fixed to a pair of curve elastic metal strips. The metal strips are connected to the
power supply with a rheostat.
(i) State the direction of rotation of the coil when viewed from the front.
(ii) The student is still testing on the feasibility of using the metal strips in the model. What is he trying to
achieve?
7. State the energy change which takes place, when a magnet is moved inside a coil having a galvanometer at its
ends. Name this phenomenon.
8. Two circular coils A and B are placed close to each other. If the current in the coil A is changed, will some
current be induced in the coil B? Give reason.
9. (i) What is an AC generator or dynamo used for?
(ii) Name the principle on which it works.
10. State what would happen to the direction of rotation of a motor, if
(i) the current were reversed?
(ii) both current and magnetic field were reversed simultaneously?
11. A device is used to transform 12 V AC to 200 V AC.
(i) What is the name of this device?
(ii) Name the principle on which it works.
12. (i) How is the emf across primary and secondary coils of a transformer related with the number of turns of
coil in them?
(ii) On which type of current do transformers work?
13. A horizontal power line carries current in East to West direction. What is the direction of the magnetic field
due to the current in the power line at a point above and at a point below the power line?
14. The flow of current in a circular wire creates a magnetic field at its centre. How can existence of this field be
detected? State the rule which helps to predict the direction of magnetic field.
15. State the rule to determine the direction of a
(i) magnetic field produced around a straight conductor carrying current.
(ii) force experienced by a current carrying straight conductor placed in a magnetic field.
LEVEL 2
1. A circular metallic loop is kept above the wire AB as shown below What is the direction of induced current
produced in the loop, if any, when the current flowing in the straight wire
(i) is steady i.e., does not vary?
(ii) is increasing in magnitude?
EXAMINATION REFERENCE MATERIAL
2024-25
Grade: 10 Subject: Physics
BHOPAL
2. (i) Draw a labelled diagram to show the various components of a step-down transformer.
(ii) State the main difference between a step-up and step-down transformer.
3. A power transmission line feeds input power at 2300V to a step-down transformer with its primary windings
having 4000 turns. What should be the number of turns in the secondary in order to get output power at
230V?
4. A 60Wload is connected to the secondary at transformer whose primary draws line voltage. If current of 0.54
A flows in the load, what is the current in the primary coil? Comment on the type a transformer a being used.
5. A step-up transformer operated on a 2.5 kV line. It supplies a load with 20 A. The ratio of the primary
winding to the secondary is 10 : 1. If the transformer is 100% efficient, then calculate
(i) the power output
(ii) the voltage and
(iii) the current is the secondary.
6. A small valued resistance XY is connected across the ends of a coil. Predict the direction of induced current in
the resistance XY, when
(i) South pole of a magnet moves towards end A of coil.
(ii) South pole of magnet moves away from end A of the coil.
7. Fig shows a coil connected to a centre zero galvanometer G. The galvanometer shows a deflection to the right
when the N-pole of a powerful magnet is moved to the right as shown.
(i) Does the direction of the current in the coil appear clockwise or anticlockwise when viewed from the end
A?
(ii) State the observation in G when the coil is moved away from N.
(iii) State the observation in G when both the coil and the magnet are moved to the right at the same speed.
8. The diagram shows AC generator: