This document discusses orthographic projection and multiview drawings. It covers projection theory, including line of sight and plane of projection. It also describes first angle and third angle projection systems, with the key difference being the placement of the object in relation to the views. Standard views for multiview drawings are the front, top, and right side views. The document also discusses line conventions for hidden, visible and center lines used in technical drawings. Exercises are provided to have students draw multiview projections of objects.
This document discusses orthographic projection and multiview drawings. It covers projection theory, including line of sight and plane of projection. It also describes first angle and third angle projection systems, with the key difference being the placement of the object in relation to the views. Standard views for multiview drawings are the front, top, and right side views. The document also discusses line conventions for hidden, visible and center lines used in technical drawings. Exercises are provided to have students draw multiview projections of objects.
This document discusses orthographic projection and multiview drawings. It covers projection theory, including line of sight and plane of projection. It also describes first angle and third angle projection systems, with the key difference being the placement of the object in relation to the views. Standard views for multiview drawings are the front, top, and right side views. The document also discusses line conventions for hidden, visible and center lines used in technical drawings. Exercises are provided to have students draw multiview projections of objects.
This document discusses orthographic projection and multiview drawings. It covers projection theory, including line of sight and plane of projection. It also describes first angle and third angle projection systems, with the key difference being the placement of the object in relation to the views. Standard views for multiview drawings are the front, top, and right side views. The document also discusses line conventions for hidden, visible and center lines used in technical drawings. Exercises are provided to have students draw multiview projections of objects.
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WEEK 4
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
ECM415 ENGINEERING DRAWING LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this lesson, students should be able to: Understand the projection theory, first angle and third angle orthographic projection and its symbols (CO1 – PO5) Identify the arrangement of views and hidden lines (CO1 – PO5) PROJECTION THEORY To represent 3D objects on 2D media
Based on two variables:
1. Line of sight – Imaginary ray of light between an observer’s eye and an object. 2. Plane of projection – Imaginary flat plane upon which the image is created by the lines of sight is projected. PROJECTION THEORY (CONT.) Two projection methods primarily used; 1. Parallel Projection – Object is positioned at infinity and viewed from multiple points on an 1. Parallel Projection imaginary line, parallel to the object.
2. Perspective Projection – Object is positioned at
a finite distance and viewed from a single point.
2. Perspective Projection MULTIVIEW PROJECTION PLANES Multiview Projection – An orthographic projection for which the object is behind the projection plane, and the object is oriented such that only two of its dimensions are shown. MULTIVIEW PROJECTION PLANES (CONT.) Multiview Drawings – Three views of object are drawn. Each view is a 2D flat image. The views are defined according to the positions of the planes of projection with respect to the object.
Those three views can be called as the:
1. Front view 2. Plan/Top view 3. Side view FRONT VIEW – Shows the width and height. Frontal plane is the plane onto which the front view of a multiview drawing is projected.
MULTIVIE W PROJECTI ON PLANES (CONT.) TOP VIEW – Shows the width and depth. The top view is projected onto the horizontal plane of projection.
MULTIVIE W PROJECTI ON PLANES (CONT.) SIDE VIEW – Shows the depth and height dimensions. The right-side view is projected onto the right profile plane of projection.
MULTIVIE W PROJECTI ON PLANES (CONT.) Always positioned above & aligned with the front view.
ORIENTAT Always positioned to the right of
ION OF and aligned with the front view.
VIEWS CONVENTION AL VIEW PLACEMENT What is the standard views used in engineering & technology? The standard views used in a three-view drawing are the top, front and right-side views. Because of the relative positioning of the three views, the depth dimension cannot be aligned using projection lines. Instead, the depth dimension is measured in either the top or CONVENT right-side view and transferred to the other view using the following methods IONAL VIEW PLACEME NT (CONT.) SCALE DIVIDER MITER LINE ORTHOGRAPHI C PROJECTION 2D - DRAWING When a horizontal plane and a vertical plane intersect, four quadrants are formed
There are two methods in
orthographic projection drawing:
1. First angle projection system
2. Third angle projection system FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION Object is placed in the first quadrant
A view in first angle projection is placed so that it
First Angle Projection represents the side of the object farthest from it on the adjacent view
First-angle projection is used mainly in European
and Asian countries FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION SYMBOL
FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION Object is placed in the third quadrant
A view in third angle projection is placed so that it
represents the side of the object nearest to it on the Third Angle Projection adjacent view
Third-angle projection is used in the US, Canada,
and many other countries throughout the world THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION SYMBOL
THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION FIRST- AND THIRD-ANGLE PROJECTION (CONT.)
First Angle Projection
Third Angle Projection LINE CONVENTIONS The alphabet of lines is a set of standard linetypes established by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) for technical drawing. Two line weights are sufficient to follow the standard – 0.6 mm (thick) and 0.3 mm (thin). Thick lines – drawn using soft lead, such as F or HB. Thin lines – drawn using hard lead, such H or 2H. LINE CONVENT IONS (CONT.) LINE CONVENTI ONS (CONT.) LINE CONVENTI ONS (CONT.) LINE CONVENTIONS A visible line has precedence over all other types of lines, and a hidden and a cutting plane line have precedence over a center line. LINE CONVENTIONS An engineering drawing showing how the precedence of line is applied. LINE CONVENTIONS An engineering drawing of a cylinder, showing the application of center lines. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
That is all for week no. 4
EXERCISES Draw the front view, top view and side view of the given figure in the third angle projection
