Name ___________________________________________ Block _______ Teacher _________________

Biology Midterm Test Review

Levels of Organization

1. Put these levels of organization in order from simplest to most complex (smallest to largest):

cell, community, atom, organism, biosphere, organ system, population, ecosystem, molecule, tissue

Characteristics of Life

2. Living things are made up of units called ___________________.

3. Living things grow and ______________________.
4. Living things maintain an internal balance called _______________.
5. A group of birds fly south in the winter. This is an example of which characteristics of life?

6. Why is the ability to move not a characteristic of life?

7. What characteristic of life would be more important to the survival of a group than an individual?

8. How many of the characteristics of life must be met to be considered a living organism?

Biomolecules (Bio.9A)

1. What is the main function of these biomolecules?

a. Carbohydrates-

b. Proteins -

c. Nucleic Acids -

d. Lipids -
Name ___________________________________________ Block _______ Teacher _________________

2. Which elements make up these biomolecules?

a. Carbohydrates -

b. Proteins -

c. Nucleic Acids -

d. Lipids -

3. Label each of the following pictures (8 total) with the biomolecule that it represents.
Name ___________________________________________ Block _______ Teacher _________________

4. Examine the food label.

Which biomolecule provides quick energy?

How many grams of quick energy are available?

Which biomolecule provides stored energy?

How many grams of stored energy are available?

Which biomolecule helps build bone and muscle?

How many grams are available to do so?

Cell Theory & History

1. Cells are the basic unit of __________.

2. What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?

a.

b.

c.

3. The cell theory applies to ______________________ living things.

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes (Bio.4a)

4. What are the two types of cells?

Name ___________________________________________ Block _______ Teacher _________________

5. What is the main difference between the two types of cells?

6. What are two functions of the nucleus?

a.

b.

7. Label the cells below with the following parts (they may not have all parts listed): DNA, cell membrane, cell wall,
organelle, nucleus, membrane-bound organelle.

8. Is a bacterial cell a prokaryote or a eukaryote? How do you know?

9. What are three cell parts (organelles) things that all cells have?

a.

b.

c.

Cell Processes & Organelles

10. ______________________ are small structures within cells that have a specialized function.

11. What is homeostasis?

Name ___________________________________________ Block _______ Teacher _________________

12. Which 4 organelles are involved in homeostasis?

a.

b.

c.

d.

13. What is the function of a vacuole?

14. What is dehydration synthesis?

15. What do ribosomes do?

16. Which 2 organelles are involved in energy conversions?

17. Which organelle turns food into energy for cells?

Enzymes (Bio.9c)

1. The energy needed to get a reaction started is called ___________________________.

2. What is an enzyme?

3. Label the picture with these words: substrate, enzyme, active site, product.
Name ___________________________________________ Block _______ Teacher _________________

4. How does an enzyme affect the chemical reaction in the graph below?

5. Explain how temperature and pH can affect and enzyme.

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration (Bio.9b)

1. What is the equation for photosynthesis?

2. What is the equation for cellular respiration?

3. What does aerobic mean? Anaerobic?

4. What is the purpose of photosynthesis? What are the reactants? What are the products?

5. What is the name of the pigment that absorbs sunlight in plants? Where is this pigment located in photosynthetic
eukaryotes?
Name ___________________________________________ Block _______ Teacher _________________

6. What is the purpose of cellular respiration? What are the reactants? What are the products?

7. How does matter flow through ecosystems? How does energy flow through ecosystems? What is the specific path
that energy takes from the sun to you?

8. What is ATP? Why do living things need/use ATP instead of glucose or other energy molecules?

9. Label the parts of the ATP molecules below:

10. What is the difference between ATP and ADP? Draw an ADP molecule next to the ATP molecule above and label the
parts.

11. In what organelle does photosynthesis take place? What molecules enter this organelle? What molecules leave?

12. In what organelle does cellular respiration take place? What molecules enter this organelle? What molecules leave?

13. Why do plants need carbon dioxide, sunlight, and water? What would happen to a plant that did not have one or
more of these things?

14. What types of organisms photosynthesize? What organelle do all photosynthetic eukaryotes have?

15. What types of organisms undergo cellular respiration?

Name ___________________________________________ Block _______ Teacher _________________

16. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? Draw a diagram of the cycle between these two processes,
including the components in terms of matter and energy.

17. How would you know if an organism was respiring and not photosynthesizing? How would you know an organism
was photosynthesizing more than respiring?

18. What gas is removed by photosynthesis? What gas is produced by photosynthesis?

19. What gas is removed by cellular respiration? What gas is produced by cellular respiration?

Cell Energy Flow Chart – Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Word Bank: Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Solar Energy

(SUN), ATP, 6CO2, 6CO2, 6H20, 6H20, C6H12O6, 6O2
Name ___________________________________________ Block _______ Teacher _________________

The Cell Membrane

1. What structures shown in the diagram above make up the cell membrane?
a.
b.
c.
d.

2. List the functions of the cell membrane:

a.

b.

3. What does it mean to be selectively permeable?

4. What is a concentration gradient?

Types of Transport (Bio.4b)

6. What is the difference between active and passive transport?

Name ___________________________________________ Block _______ Teacher _________________

7. What are three types of passive transport?

a.

b.

c.

8. What are three types of active transport?

a.

b.

c.

9. Define each of the following types of transport.

a. Diffusion -

b. Osmosis -

c. Facilitated Diffusion -

d. Active Transport -

e. Endocytosis -

f. Phagocytosis -

g. Pinocytosis -

h. Exocytosis -
Name ___________________________________________ Block _______ Teacher _________________

10. Complete the table below:

Definition Picture of how water

moves

Isotonic -

Hypertonic -

Hypotonic -

Effects of Solutions on Cells

14. Indicate the type of solution in each picture below (hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic)

15. Which type of solution is ideal for animal cells?

16. What will happen to an animal cell that is placed in distilled water?
17. What will happen to an animal cell that is placed in salt water?
Name ___________________________________________ Block _______ Teacher _________________

Plant A Plant B Plant C

18. In the diagram above, which plant is in a hypertonic solution?

19. In the diagram above, which plant is in a hypotonic solution?

20. What is turgor pressure?

21. Using the diagram above, put the plants in order from lowest turgor pressure to the highest
turgor pressure?

22. Label each of the following pictures with the type of transport that it depicts.
Name ___________________________________________ Block _______ Teacher _________________

DNA Structure (Bio.6a)

1. What does DNA stand for? _________________________________________________

2. What is DNA? What does DNA help determine?

3. What are the 5 elements that DNA contains:

________________ _______________ _______________ ________________ _______________

4. The monomer of DNA is _____________________________

5. The polymer of DNA is a _____________________________

6. List and label the 3 parts of a nucleotide:

Name ___________________________________________ Block _______ Teacher _________________

7. List the 4 types of Nitrogen Bases

8. These 4 bases pair in a specific way:

________ pairs with ________

________ pairs with ________

9. Write the sequence of bases that would pair with T T G C A C A T G A A
_____________________________________

10. All organisms have the same DNA structure. The only difference is the ____________
of the nitrogen bases.

11. The shape of DNA is a ________________ __________________.

12. What type of bonds hold the two strands of DNA together?

DNA Replication (Bio.5a)

List and describe the 4 steps of DNA

replication.
Name ___________________________________________ Block _______ Teacher _________________

13. At the end of DNA Replication there are _____________ DNA molecules. They are identical to each other. Each
DNA molecule contains one _____________________ strand and one _______________ strand.

Cell Cycle and Cell Division (Bio.5a)

14. What are the three reasons that cells must divide.

a.

b.

c.

15. Label the parts of the cell cycle and describe what happens in each part.

1:

G1:

S:

G2:

2:

M:

C:

16. DNA changes into different forms during the cell cycle and mitosis.
Describe the form of DNA listed below.

Chromatin:

Chromosome:

Sister Chromatids:
Name ___________________________________________ Block _______ Teacher _________________

17. What is mitosis?

18. What are the names of the 4 steps of mitosis?

Step 1: _____________________________
Step 2: _____________________________
Step 3: _____________________________
Step 4: _____________________________

19. What is the job or function of Centrioles/Spindle Fibers?

20. Complete the following chart for the steps of mitosis:

Name ___________________________________________ Block _______ Teacher _________________

21. Complete the following chart for cell division:

22. What does mitosis and cytokinesis produce?

Cell Cycle Regulation and Cancer (Notes - Cell Cycle Regulation & Cancer)

23. Complete the following table. Make sure to fill in each box.
Name ___________________________________________ Block _______ Teacher _________________

24. What is cancer? What will a cell do if it is cancerous?

25. What is a tumor?

26. Complete the following table.

27. What is a carcinogen?

28. What is a mutation? How does a mutation contribute to producing cancer cells?