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    Lec-7-8

    Uploaded by

    Kush Sahu

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Lec-7-8

    Uploaded by

    Kush Sahu
    2 views21 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    2 views21 pages

    Lec-7-8

    Uploaded by

    Kush Sahu

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 21

    Lec-7

    Network Theorems

    • Superposition Theorem
    • Thevenin’s Theorem and
    • Norton’s Theorem
    • Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
    SUPERPOSITION THEOREM
    The current through, or voltage across, an element in a linear bilateral network is
    equal to the algebraic sum of the currents or voltages produced independently by
    each source.
    Not Valid for Power Calculation

    The total power delivered to a resistive element must be determined using


    the total current through or the total voltage across the element and
    cannot be determined by a simple sum of the power levels established by
    each source.
    Determine the current through the 4 Ohm?
    THEVENIN’S THEOREM
    Any two-terminal, linear bilateral dc network can be replaced by an
    equivalent circuit consisting of a voltage source and a series resistor,
    Draw Thevenin’s equivalent ckt taking R4 as load

    Calculate: I (R4)
    1. Identifying the terminals of particular interest for the network (Removing Load)
    2. Calculate RTh by first setting all sources to zero (voltage sources are replaced by short
    circuits, and current sources by open circuits) and then finding the resultant resistance
    between the two marked terminals. (If the internal resistance of the voltage and/or
    current sources is included in the original network, it must remain when the sources are
    set to zero.)
    3. Determining ETh for the network
    Calculate ETh by first returning all sources to their original position and finding the open-
    circuit voltage between the marked terminals.
    4. Substituting the Thévenin equivalent circuit for the network external to the
    resistor R4

    Calculate: I (R4)= 0.88 A


    Thevenin’s equivalent resistance can also be calculated from:

    RTh= VOC / ISC


    Where:
    Voc is open ckt voltage
    Isc is short ckt current
    NORTON’S THEOREM

    Any two-terminal linear bilateral dc network can be replaced by an equivalent


    circuit consisting of a current source and a parallel resistor.
    Draw Norton’s Equivalent Ckt for given network being R4 as load

    Calculate: I (R4)= ?, using Norton’s Theorem


    1. Remove that portion of the network across which the Norton equivalent circuit is to be
    found.

    2. Mark the terminals of the remaining two-terminal network.

    RN:
    3. Calculate RN by first setting all sources to zero (voltage sources are replaced with short
    circuits, and current sources with open circuits) and then finding the resultant resistance
    between the two marked terminals.
    RN = RTh
    IN:
    4. Calculate IN by first returning all sources to their original position and then finding the
    short-circuit current between the marked terminals. It is the same current that would be
    measured by an ammeter placed between the marked terminals.

    5. Draw the Norton equivalent circuit with the portion of the circuit previously removed
    replaced between the terminals of the equivalent circuit.
    Converting between Thévenin and Norton equivalent circuits
    MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM
    A load will receive maximum power from a linear bilateral dc network when its
    total resistive value is exactly equal to the Thévenin resistance of the network as
    “seen” by the load.
    Find the value of RL for maximum power to RL, and determine the maximum
    power.
    Thanks

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