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    Kimia Teknik TS Ke-5 (07102013)

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    Radja Nur
    The document provides information about gas laws including Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, Avogadro's Law and the ideal gas equation. It defines these laws and gives

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Kimia Teknik TS Ke-5 (07102013)

    Uploaded by

    Radja Nur
    9 views28 pages
    The document provides information about gas laws including Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, Avogadro's Law and the ideal gas equation. It defines these laws and gives

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    Kimia Teknik TS ke-5 (07102013).pptx

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    The document provides information about gas laws including Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, Avogadro's Law and the ideal gas equation. It defines these laws and gives

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    9 views28 pages

    Kimia Teknik TS Ke-5 (07102013)

    Uploaded by

    Radja Nur
    The document provides information about gas laws including Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, Avogadro's Law and the ideal gas equation. It defines these laws and gives

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    BENDA GAS,

    CAIR
    &
    PADAT
    Kuliah Minggu ke - 5
    SUSUNAN MOLEKUL
    I. BENDA GAS
    ements that exist as gases at 250C and 1 atmosphe
    SIFAT
    GAS
    Transparan.
    Terdistribusi merata dalam ruang.
    Gas dalam ruang akan memberikan tekanan ke
    dinding.
    Volume sama dengan volume tempat.
    Gas berdifusi ke segala arah.
    Bila dua atau lebih gas bercampur, gas-gas itu
    akan terdistribusi merata.
    Bila dipanaskan gas akan mengembang, bila
    didinginkan akan mengkerut
    Memiliki density yang lebih rendah daripada
    cairan dan padatan
    GAS
    Temperat
    ure
    (T)
    Volu
    me
    (V) Pressu
    re
    ______________ Used to Measure Gas ____________
    pparatus for Studying the Relationship Betwee
    ressure and Volume of a Gas
    Boyles Law

    P 1/V

    P x V = constant P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
    A sample of chlorine gas occupies a
    volume of 946 mL at a pressure of 726
    mmHg. What is the pressure of the gas
    (in mmHg) if the volume is reduced at
    constant temperature to 154 mL?
    P x V = constant
    P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
    P1 = 726 mmHg P2 = ?
    V1 = 946 mL V2 = 154 mL

    P1 x V1 726 mmHg x 946 mL


    P2 = = = 4459.71 mmHg
    V2 154 mL
    Variation of gas volume with temperature at
    constant pressure.
    Charles &
    Gay-Lussacs
    Law

    T (K) = t (0C) +
    273.15

    VT

    V = constant x T V1/T1 = V2 /T2


    A sample of carbon monoxide gas
    occupies 3.20 L at 125 0C. At what
    temperature will the gas occupy a
    volume of 1.54 L if the pressure
    remains constant?
    V1 /T1 = V2 /T2

    V1 = 3.20 L V2 = 1.54 L
    T1 = 125 C T2 = ?
    T1 = 125 (0C) + 273.15 (K) = 398.15 K

    V2 x T1 1.54 L x 398.15 K
    T2 = = = 191.61 K
    V1 3.20 L
    Avogadros Law

    V number of moles (n)

    V = constant x n V1 / n1 = V2 / n2
    Ammonia burns in oxygen to form nitric
    oxide (NO) and water vapor. How many
    volumes of NO are obtained from one
    volume of ammonia at the same
    temperature and pressure?
    Reaksi :

    1 mole NH3 __ mole NO

    At constant T and P

    1 volume NH3 __ volume NO


    Increasing or decreasing the
    volume of a gas at a constant
    temperature

    Boyles
    Law
    Heating or Cooling a gas at
    constant pressure

    Charless
    Law
    Heating or Cooling a gas at
    constant volume

    Charless
    Law
    Dependence of volume on amount
    of gas at constant temperature and
    pressure

    Avogadros
    Law
    Ideal Gas Equation
    1
    Boyles law: V (at constant n and T)
    P
    Charles law: V T(at constant n and P)
    Avogadros law: V n(at constant P and T)

    nT
    V
    P
    nT nT
    V = constant x =R R is the gas
    P P constant

    PV =
    Experiments show that at STP, 1
    mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.414
    L

    PV = nRT
    PV (1 atm)(22.414L)
    R =
    = nT (1 mol)(273.15 K)

    R = 0.082057 L atm / (mol K)


    What is the volume (in liters)
    occupied by 49.8 g of HCl at
    STP?
    T = 0 0C =
    273.15 K
    P=1
    atm
    1 mol HCl
    n = 49.8 g x = 1.37 mol
    PV = nRT 36.45 g HCl
    nRT
    V=
    P
    Latm
    1.37 mol x 0.0821 x 273.15 K
    molK
    V= = 30.72 L
    1 atm
    Argon is an inert gas used in lightbulbs to
    retard the vaporization of the filament. A
    certain lightbulb containing argon at 1.20
    atm and 18 0C is heated to 85 0C at
    constant volume. What is the final
    pressure of argon in the lightbulb (in
    nRT n, V and R are constant
    PV = atm)?
    nR
    = P = constant P1 = 1.20 atmP2 = ?
    V T
    T1 = 291 K T2 = 358 K
    P1 P2
    =
    T1 T2
    T2
    P2 = P1 x = 1.20 atm x358 K
    = 1.476 atm
    T1 291 K
    Gas Stoichiometry

    What is the volume of CO2 produced at 37 0C and 1.00


    atm when 5.60 g of glucose are used up in the
    reaction:

    C6H12O6 (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) + H2O (l)


    Daltons Law of Partial Pressures

    V and T
    are
    constant

    P1 P2 Ptotal = P1 + P2
    Consider a case in which two gases, A
    and B, are in a container of volume V.

    nART
    PA = nA is the number of moles of A
    V
    nBRT
    PB = nB is the number of moles of B
    V
    nA nB
    PT = PA + PB XA = XB =
    nA + nB nA + nB

    P A = XA PT PB = XB PT

    Pi = Xi PT mole fraction (Xi)n=


    i
    nT
    A sample of natural gas contains 8.24
    moles of CH4, 0.421 moles of C2H6, and
    0.116 moles of C3H8. If the total pressure
    of the gases is 1.37 atm, what is the
    partial pressure of propane (C3H8)?
    Pi = Xi PT PT = 1.37 atm

    0.116
    Xpropane = = 0.0132
    8.24 + 0.421 + 0.116

    Ppropane = 0.0132 x 1.37 atm


    = 0.018 atm
    LATIHAN

    1. 10 L gas H2 tekanannya 1 atm. Jumlah mol


    gas dan suhunya dibuat tetap. Volume gas
    dijadikan 9 L. Menjadi berapa
    tekanannya ?
    2. 10 L gas O2 suhunya 27C dipanaskan
    menjadi 37C. Jumlah mol gas dan
    tekanannya dibuat tetap. Menjadi berapa
    volumenya ?
    3. 2 mol gas H2 volumenya 40 L. Pada suhu
    dan tekanan yang sama, berapa volume 3
    mol gas O2 ?
    4. 2 mol gas H2 pada suhu 27C volumenya
    40 L. Berapa tekanannya ?

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