C22 P04 Statistical Averages
C22 P04 Statistical Averages
C22 P04 Statistical Averages
Is a mathematical science
pertaining to the
collection ,
analysis,
interpretation or
explanation and presentation of
data.
CENTRAL VALUE :(AVERAGE)
It is the one around which all other
values are dispersed or distributed.
USES:
1.To find whether normal value lie close to it or
too small/large present at both the ends.
2.To find which group is better off by comparing
between the groups.
e.g.: Incubation period of cholera<typhoid
AVERAGES
Arithmetic mean:
It is obtained by summing up of all
observations by number of
observations.
It is denoted by X.
Mean (Arithmetic Mean)
Mean (arithmetic mean) of data values
Sample mean
n Sample Size
X i
X1 X 2 Xn
X i 1
n n
Population mean
N Size Population
X i
X1 X 2 XN
i 1
N N
Mean (Arithmetic Mean)
The most common measure of central
tendency
Acts as ‘Balance Point’
Affected by extreme values (outliers)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14
ADVANTAGES:
1.There is only one mean for a data set.
2.Uses all information in the data.
3.Easy to manipulate mathematically.
4.Easy to understand.
DISADVANTAGES:
1.Influenced by extreme values.
(e.g. If Bill Gates moved in to any neighborhood
then the avg. income of the family would increase
dramatically beyond what it was previously)
Two groups:
1.Direct.
2.Indirect.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
23 22 20 24 16 17 18 19 21
X X-w x
By direct method:
23 23-20 +3
22 22-20 +2 X = E X = 180 = 20
20 20-20 0 n 9
By assumed mean:
24 24-20 +4
16 16-20 -4 x =E(X-w) = 10-10
n 9
17 17-20 -3
18 18-20 -2 =0
19 19-20 -1
21 21-20 +1 So, X=w+x
= 20+0 = 20.
180 +10-10=0
GROUPED SERIES
If the no of observations is large.
Procedure:
Data arranged in groups &frequency
distribution table prepare first.
Find values of each group separately.
Multiply the mid values of each group with
frequency.
Add up these product values & divide by no
of values.
This is weighted mean or grand mean or
mean of means.
Grouped Data Arithmetic Mean
Example:
Formula:
Class Interval Arithmetic Mean :
Arithmetic Mean = ΣfX/Σf
where
X = Midpoint
f = Frequency
Class Interval Arithmetic Mean Example:
To find the Arithmetic Mean of
Intervals
Frequency Step 1: Find Σf.
(f)
Σf = 7
10 - 20 3 Step 2: Then, Find the
Midpoint for the class
interval.
20 - 30 9
Frequency(
Intervals Midpoint fx
f)
10 - 20 3 (10 + 20)/2 = 15 3 * 15 = 45
20 - 30 9 (20 + 30)/2 = 25 9 * 25 = 225
30 - 40 5 (30 + 40)/2 = 35 5 * 35 = 175
MEDIAN
It is the value of middle observation after
placing the observations in either ascending or
descending order.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14
DISADVANTAGES:
1.It doesn't take in to consideration all the
observations.
Median is better than mean in cases where
there are extreme values in the given data.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
PROPERTIES:
1. There could be more than one mode for a given
data.
2. It is un affected by extreme values.
3. It does not use all the observations in the given
data.
To find the mode of 11,3,5,11,7,3,11
Step 1: Arrange the numbers in ascending order.
3,3,5,7,11,11,11
Step 2:
Median
A positively skewed distribution
(“skewed to the right”)
MODE
MEAN
MEDIAN
MEAN
MEDIAN
MODE
1 . PARKE.
2 . BK MAHAJAN (METHODS IN BIO STATISTICS).
3 . INTERNET.