Module 2 Lesson 2 Developing Virtue As Habit

Module 2: Lesson 2
DEVELOPING VIRTUE AS HABIT

Developing Virtue as Habit
Ethics is a matter of living well through

the habitual practice of virtue which
essentially translates into having a virtuous
or excellent character.
A virtuous character is the result of proper
combination of practical wisdom
(phronesis), and habituation in the pursuit of
the mean (mesotes).
Being ethical is all about being excellent in
human being, which is being excellent in
fulfilling one’s essence as a rational being that
has cultivated an excellent character and capable
of making the most prudent decisions in all
circumstances.
Through the constant interaction of
thought and action as prompted by various
situations that calls for one’s decision, a
person comes to know himself/herself as a
certain type of character or personality.
Being a certain way or having a particular
personality or character implies a certain
understanding of the good.
Personality or character is an approach or a
way of reckoning the different situations that
one faces in his/her life - a way of navigating
one’s way towards his/her flourishing as a
human persons.
Character is not merely a theoretical
construct but a product of action in the world
– a constant doing or way of being that is
made apparent by the possession and
actualization of particular virtues or vices.
Moral Character
It is an evaluation of an individual's
stable moral qualities. The concept
of character can imply a variety of
attributes.
A moral character includes the existence
or lack of virtues such as empathy, courage,
fortitude, honesty, and loyalty, or of good
behaviors or habits.
Moral character primarily refers to the
assemblage of qualities that distinguish one
individual from another.
Although on a cultural level, the set of
moral behaviors to which a social group
adheres can be said to unite and define it
culturally as distinct from others.
Psychologist Lawrence Pervin defines
moral character as a disposition to express
behavior in consistent patterns of functions
across a range of situations.
Normative ethics involve moral standards
that exhibit right and wrong conduct. It is a
test of proper behavior and determining
what is right and wrong.
Plato believed that the soul is divided into
three parts of desire, namely:
 Rational
 Appetitive
 Spirited
In order to have moral character, we must
understand what contributes to our overall
good and have our spirited and appetitive
desires educated properly, so that they can
agree with the guidance provided by the
rational part of the soul.
Aristotle tells us that there are good
people in the world. These are those who
exhibit excellences – excellences
of thought and excellences of character.
Excellence of character, then, is a state
concerned with choice, lying in
a mean relative to us, this being determined
by reason and in the way in which the man
of practical wisdom would determine it.
We have been informed that Ethics is a
branch of Philosophy concerned about
actions, the action either human act or act of
man. Ethics and values have a common role;
they even interplay with each other.
Ethics without values is hollow and
shallow and therefore weak. While values
without ethics is paralytics.
Values
These are beliefs or ideals shared by the

member of a culture about what is good or
desirable and what is not. It strongly
influence the behavior of an individual and
serve as board in all situation.
Through heredity or through the
environment, an individual acquires values.
The influence of the family, community,
society, nation, and other individuals makes
the person unique as he/she develops a set of
values. These values determine the priorities
and lifestyle of the person.
Root of Filipino Values
There are three known origin of the

Filipino values. These are lifestyles, human
nature, and cultural inclination.
The Patterns of Filipino Values
 Exogenous Pattern
 Indigenous Pattern
Exogenous Pattern
It is also identified as legal or formal. The

word itself would help us deduce its root to
the time when Filipinos began to form a link
with cultures.
Indigenous Pattern
It is considered traditional or non-formal

pattern of Filipino values. Indigenous values
are acquired in the subconscious mind.
Filipino Values
 Bayanihan
 Family Closeness
 Hospitality
 Compassion
 Regionalism
 Friendliness
 Politeness
Bayanihan
The Filipino community spirit of

cooperation in which a group of individuals
extends a helping hand without expecting any
remuneration.
Family Closeness
The Filipino trait of prioritizing the family

above other things and maintaining the close
connections and cooperations among its
members.
Hospitality
The Filipino trait of being receptive and

generous to guests and to anybody that enters
into their homes.
Compassion
The Filipino trait of being kind and

emphatic to others even if the person is a not
known to them or a stranger.
Regionalism
The Filipino trait of giving his province

mates preferential treatment as well as
priority over natives of other provinces.
Friendliness
The Filipino quality of being friendly and

can easily get together with others in a
sincere, loyal, and kind ways.
Politeness
The Filipino quality of being courteous to

anybody, most especially to the eldars, and it
is usually associated with the used of Po and
Opo.
Filipino Values and Non-Filipino Culture
While it is true that Filipinos have their own

sense of values and valuing system, it is also
an accepted fact that these distinct values
came from the universal human needs and
wants.
For instance everyone in the world has a
want to own a car. However, how serious the
Filipinos are on this want may be different
from that of the Americans.
Bipolar Filipino Values
 Hiya or Shame
 Ningas Cogon or Procrastination
 Bahala Na or Resignation
 Mañana Habit
 Utang na loob or Indebtedness
Hiya or Shame
It gives the Filipinos a picture of

refinement, culture and education. It avoids
harshness or crudeness. This value limits the
Filipinos to desire so much and it gives them
peace of mind.
Ningas Cogon
Its positive aspects relies on the fact that a

person with such a value is definitely simple.
It has a negative effect because a man with
that value refuses to take responsibility, and a
man who does not take responsibilities seems
to be far from improvements.
Bahala Na or Resignation
It has a positive effect because it is a

demonstration of dependence to God. Bahala
na is a expression of humility; it is the
opposite of arrogance. However, it also have
a negative effect because it legitimizes
laziness.
Mañana Habit
Being a positive values, it allow things to

move on their pattern. They assure peace of
mind in the person. They are like allowing
wound to heal on its own. However, they also
have a negative part. It keeps problems to a
heap until solving them becomes impossible.
Utang na Loob or Indebtedness
It is a recognition of a favor. It is a way of

paying back something or a way of
repayment. It is also negative; the success of
one is like a debt to someone. This is one
weakness of the Filipinos that many times it
results to prejudices during elections.

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Module 2: Lesson 2

DEVELOPING VIRTUE AS HABIT

Ethics is a matter of living well through

These are beliefs or ideals shared by the

There are three known origin of the

It is also identified as legal or formal. The

It is considered traditional or non-formal

The Filipino community spirit of

The Filipino trait of prioritizing the family

The Filipino trait of being receptive and

The Filipino trait of being kind and

The Filipino trait of giving his province

The Filipino quality of being friendly and

The Filipino quality of being courteous to

While it is true that Filipinos have their own

It gives the Filipinos a picture of

Its positive aspects relies on the fact that a

It has a positive effect because it is a

Being a positive values, it allow things to

It is a recognition of a favor. It is a way of

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