The Musculoskeletal System
The Musculoskeletal System
The Musculoskeletal System
SYSTEM
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Objectives
Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
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Objectives CONT’D
Objectives Part 3
•Define surgical terms related to the
musculoskeletal system.
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Structure and Function
Forms the body framework
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Bones
Bones
•Composed of •Osteoblasts are
osseous tissue bone-forming cells
calcium
vitamin D
phosphorus
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Common Bone
BonesCategories
The adult skeleton has 206 bones.
Common Bone Categories
•Long bones
(Femur) •Irregular bones
(Vertebrae)
•Short bones
(Wrist bones) •Sesamoid bones
(Kneecap)
•Flat bones
(Skull) 8
Parts ofBones
Long Bones
Parts of long bones:
•The shaft is the longest portion also
called the diaphysis.
•Frontal
•Ethmoid
•Sphenoid
•Occipital
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Sinuses
Sinuses are cavities that reduce the
weight of a bone.
•Frontal sinuses
•Ethmoid sinuses
•Maxillary sinuses
•Sphenoid sinuses
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Facial Bones
Facial Bones
•Lacrimal bone
•Ethmoid bone
Zygomatic bone •Nasal bones
Maxillary bones
Mandible
Palatine bone
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Spinal
Spinal Column Column
•Cervical = 7
Consists of
five sets of •Thoracic = 12
vertebrae
•Lumbar = 5
•Sacrum = 5
•Coccyx = 1
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Bones
Bonesof
ofthe
theChest
Chest
•Clavicle •True ribs
•ischium
•pubes
•pelvic
cavity
The pubic symphysis is where both
pubic bones join. 16
Bones
Bones of
of the
the Extremities
Extremities
Upper Arm Lower Arm
•Humerus •Ulna
•Radius
Joints
(articulations)
Synarthroses
•No movement 19
Tendons
Tendonsand
andLigaments
Ligaments
Tendons are bands of fibrous tissue
that connect muscles to bone.
Ligaments connect bones to other
bones.
A joint lubricator (synovial
fluid) helps synovial joints
move easier.
Movement occurs at joints with the
assistance of muscles, tendons and
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ligaments.
Muscles
Muscles
Muscles contract (shorten) and
extend to provide body movement.
Types of Muscles
•Voluntary (skeletal)
•Involuntary (smooth or
visceral)
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•Cardiac
Muscles Muscles - Fascia
Most muscles are
covered by a band
of connective tissue
called fascia, that
supports the
muscle.
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Lift up your right forarm to flex your
Muscles – Origin or Insertion
bicep brachii as if making a fist.
Identify the origin and insertion
attachment by agreeing with one of
the following statements:
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Match Combining Forms
the following Part 2 forms
combining
and meanings.
carp (o) cartilage
•Osteopaths •Chiropractors
•Rheumatologists
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Diagnostic, Procedural, and
Laboratory Tests Pt 2
•Arthroscopy •Magnetic
resonance
imaging (MRI)
•Diskography
•Myelography 30
Diagnostic, Procedural, and
Laboratory
Laboratory Tests Pt
tests measure the4 levels
of substances found in some
musculoskeletal disorders.
Common laboratory tests
•Rheumatoid •Calcium
factor test
•Phosphorus
•Creatine
phosphokinase •Uric acid 31
(CPK)
Diagnostic, Procedural, and
Laboratory Tests Pt 5
Other Tests
Goniometer
-Tests for ROM
Densitometer
-Measures
bone density
Goniometer 32
Pathology
Causes of musculoskeletal disorders
•Birth defects
•Injury
•Degenerative disease
•Systemic disorders
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Types of fractures
Pathology Part 2
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Simple (closed) Compound (open) Colles’ Impacted
Pathology Part 3
•Injury or trauma to the joints or
muscle may cause a sprain.
•Overuse of a muscle may cause a
strain.
Other conditions:
•Tendinitis •Subluxation
•Dislocation •Osteoporosis
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Pathology Part 4
Musculoskeletal Pain and Discomfort
•Osteoalgia
•Myalgia
•Arthralgia
•Arthritis
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•Tetany
Almost anySurgical Terms
major part of the
musculoskeletal system can now be
surgically repaired.
Supportive devices
•Cast •Traction
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Surgical
Reduction is the Terms
return Part 2 to
of a part
its normal position.
Osteoplasty is repair of a bone.
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Pharmacology Part
Common medications for the
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Musculoskeletal System
•Analgesics
•Steroids
•Muscle Relaxants
•NSAIDS
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Apply Your Knowledge
Mrs. Jones is concerned
with the “soft spots” she
feels on her baby’s head.
You realize the medical term
for these “soft spots” is:
A. Fontanelle
B. Fissure
C. Foramen
A. Fontanelle
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Apply Your Head
Knowledge Part 2
& Trunk
42
MaryApply Your Knowledge
is complaining Part 3
of headache,
stuffy nose and pressure with facial
discomfort. Her physician tells her
she has allergies. Which of the
following conditions might she be
experiencing?
A. fracture of her vomer
B. sinusitis
C. stroke
B. sinusitis 43
Apply Your
Relieves Knowledge Part 4
pain
1
A. steroids