Case Study Booklet (Blank)
Case Study Booklet (Blank)
Case Study Booklet (Blank)
Name: ________________
Teacher: ______________
How to be exam successful?
How to answer a case study question?
Before you start writing your answer, make a Bullet Point Plan
Introduce your case study and link it to the question (2 sentences max.)
Fully develop each point you make
Aim for 3 fully developed points
Add place specific information about that case study in each of your 3
developed points
Anti-natal
A government policy which discourages (stops) people from having
population children
policy
Birth rate The number of live births per 1000 people per year
Carrying The maximum number of people which can live in a specific area given the
capacity food, water and resources available
Contraception
X Using birth control to stop pregnancy, this can include the pill, condoms etc
Death rate The number of deaths per 1000 people per year
Demographic The change from high birth rates and death rates to low birth rates and
transition death rates
Demographic
A diagram which shows the relationship between birth and death rates
transition and how this changes the total population
model
Densely
An area that has a lot of people
populated
Dependency
The ratio between those of working age and those of non-working age.
ratio
Dependent The young (0-14) and elderly (65+) who rely on the working
population (economically active) population for support
Economic
A person leaving their home country to work in another country
migrant
Family
Using contraception to control the size of your family
planning
Fertility rate
X The average number of children a woman has during her life time
key Terms Glossary
Immigrant Someone who moves into an area from elsewhere
Infant The number of babies dying before the age of 1 per 1000 live births per
mortality rate year
Literacy rate The proportion of the total population able to read and write
Migrant Someone who moves from one place to another place to live
Natural
The difference between birth rate and death rate, calculated by birth rate
increase or – death rate +/- migration
decrease
Optimum
A balance between people and resources
population
Over- Where there are too many people and not enough resources to support
population them
Population
The number of people per km2
density
Population
Where people are found and where they are not found
distribution
Population
A government policy which aims to control the growth of a population
policy
Population A graph which shows the spread of the population according to working,
pyramid old and young dependents for males and females
Pro-natal
A government policy which encourages couples to have children.
policy
key Terms Glossary
Pull factor Reasons which encourage people to move to an area
Refugees People forced to move from where they live to another area
Sparsely
An area that has very few people
populated
Under- Where there are too many resources and too few people (resources get
population wasted)
Voluntary
People move to another area/place by choice
migration
Country with a high dependent • For a named country you have studied, describe the
1.3 Population population problems caused by a large percentage of dependent
structure Japan population
Quick facts:
Total population:
Growth rate:
Literacy:
Poverty:
Infant mortality:
Population density:
Causes of over-population:
Problems
Social Economic Environmental
CASE STUDIES
Causes and consequences of under-population & Sparsely populated: Australia
Quick facts:
Total population:
Growth rate:
Literacy:
Poverty:
Infant mortality:
Population density:
Quick facts:
Total population:
% growth rate
Growth rate:
Birth rate:
Death rate:
Consequences:
Total population:
Growth rate:
Fertility rate:
Life expectancy:
% of people over 65
CASE STUDY
Population policy - China’s One Child Policy
Quick facts:
Reasons the policy was needed What policies were put into place?
Successes Failures
CASE STUDY
International migration: Mexico to USA
Why move?
Push factors:
Pull factors:
Current situation:
• Over 1 million Mexicans
migrate every year
• 29.5% of foreign people in the
USA are Mexican
Positive Positive
Negative Negative
CASE STUDY
Densely populated country: Japan
Quick facts:
Total population:
Growth rate:
Fertility rate:
Life expectancy:
% of people over 65
CBD (Central This is the centre of a town/city and functions as commercial /retail use.
Business Land value is high as there is not much space and things are generally
District) densely packed together
T
Counter
urbanisation OU The movement of people from a town/city to the countryside. This process
mainly happens in MEDCs
These are big houses which are not joined to another house, they often have
Detached house a garage (house for a car) and are surrounded by gardens. They are found on
the edges of towns
Dispersed Individual houses and farms are widely scattered throughout the
settlement countryside
High-order Goods which are expensive and are not bought often (e.g. a Macbook
goods Pro)
A urban land use model which shows sectors (wedges) based on how the
Hoyt Model land is used
The facilities which provide the essential framework for settlements and
Infrastructure industry e.g. roads, power supply, sewerage etc
This is the next zone outwards from the CBD, in MEDCs this is where
Inner city old factories used to be located and smaller houses located nearby for
workers,
This is the zone next to the inner city, it is slightly further outwards and
Inner suburbs therefore houses are slightly larger because there is more space.
Linear
Houses are built in lines along a road or a river
settlement
Low-order
Goods which are cheap and are bought every day (e.g. milk, eggs)
goods
Nucleated Buildings are tightly packed around a central feature such as a church or
settlement a railway station
key Terms Glossary
How far people are willing to travel to buy goods (for low order goods,
Order of
people generally get them nearby whereas expensive goods people are
services willing to travel further)
Out of town
shopping A large group of shops built in the rural-urban fringe
centre
This is the outer zone of an urban area, they have large open spaces and
Outer suburbs houses are larger (detached).
Residential
Contains houses/apartment blocks – it is where people live.
areas
This is the edge of the urban area where it meets the rural area
Rural-urban
(countryside), there is often competition for how the land is used from
fringe shopping malls to farmland
These houses are larger than terraced houses but smaller than a detached
Semi-detached
house. They are found in the inner suburbs and are joined to another
house house on one side
Settlement
This is the main economic activity or purpose of a settlement
function
Settlement A way of ordering settlements, this is based on their size and the services
hierarchy they offer
Settlement
What a settlement shape is like
pattern
Sphere of
The surrounding area the settlement serves
influence
Sub- The process by which people move out of the inner city to the suburbs of
urbanisation towns/cities (this often happens in MEDC cities)
Terraced These are rows of houses which are joined together on both sides, they
houses are small and are found in the inner city areas of an urban area.
Threshold
The number of customers needed for a shop to make a profit
population
Areas of an urban area where there is a particular type of land use (e.g.
Urban zones housing = residential)
Theme 1: Settlement Case Studies
Specification
Example used Potential case study questions
point
• For two named settlements of different sizes you have
studied, compare the service provision
1.5 Settlements
and service Lozere province (France)
• For a named area you have studied, describe the hierarchy of
provision
service provision
Urbanisation • For a named town or city you have studied, describe the
Mumbai (India) impacts of urbanization on the people who live there
For a named urban area you have studied, describe what has
1.7 Squatter settlement been done to reduce the negative impacts of urbanization
Urbanisation Dharavi slum (Mumbai, • For a named urban area you have studied, describe the
India) strategies to reduce problems caused by the growth of
squatter settlements
CASE STUDY
Settlement and Service provision in an area: Lozere, France
Quick facts:
Where?
Total population:
Mende St Andre-Capceze
Population: Population:
Function:
Function:
Services:
Services:
Bagnois les Baines
Population:
Function:
Services:
Villefort
Population:
Function:
Services:
CASE STUDY
Urban problems: Traffic in London (UK)
Quick facts:
Total population:
Car ownership:
London:
How does it reduce traffic? How does it reduce traffic? How does it reduce traffic?
Total population:
Car ownership:
London:
How does it reduce traffic? How does it reduce traffic? How does it reduce traffic?
Shanghai (1984)
Where:
Total population:
Shanghai (2017)
Population growth Loss of land
Community break up
Air quality
Socio-Economic division
CASE STUDY
Urbanisation: Dharavi Slum (Mumbai, India)
Quick facts:
Total population:
Size:
Birth rate:
Natural increase:
Vision Mumbai
What is the plan? Who? Benefits (+) Costs (-)
ter…
1 hr l a Earthquakes which follow the largest shock of an earthquake sequence,
Aftershock they are smaller but can continue for weeks or months after the main
earthquake
The force of air on the ground (high pressure = lots of weight/ low
Air pressure pressure = little weight)
Alto
2,000 - Prefix given to clouds at mid-altitude (between 2,000 – 6,000m)
6,000
A natural bridge-like feature which erodes slowly and sticks out into the
Arch sea
Backwash The movement of water back down the beach due to the effect of gravity
A measure of the variety of the earth’s plant and animal species. Higher
Biodiversity biodiversity = more species because conditions are best suited for plant
and animal growth
AVG
The average weather of a place or area over a period of time (usually 30
Climate years)
Coastal
Measures taken to prevent erosion or flooding along a coastline
Management
Collision plate Where two continental plates meet and because they are the same
boundary density they fold to create mountain ranges (no subduction)
Composite
A steep volcano formed of sticky lava, ash and cinders
volcano
Constructive
Where two plates move apart from each other and new land is created
plate boundary
Constructive A wave with a long wavelength and low height. They help build up
wave beaches by deposition
Continental
Lighter (less dense) plate which is the land we live on
crust
Conservative
Where two plates slide past each other (no subduction)
plate boundary
key Terms Glossary
Convection The heating and cooling of liquid rock in the mantle which in turn causes
current the plates to move on the crust
Rain associated with hot climates, air is warmed by sunlight and rises up
Convectional
creating big rainclouds which bring rainfall and sometimes thunder and
rainfall lightening.
Decomposition When dead leaves break down and become part of the soil
A landform made when the river meets the sea, river load is deposited
Delta
with the velocity slows forming small islands
Deposition Material is deposited (put down) when the river loses energy
A dry area with limited vegetation. Deserts can be both hot and cold.
Desert Deserts have less than 250mm of rainfall per year
Destructive
Where two plates move towards each other and land is destroyed
plate boundary
Destructive A wave with a short wavelength and tall height. They remove (erode)
wave material from beaches and cliffs
key Terms Glossary
Differential Erosion which happens at different rates along a coastline – this might be
erosion due to the different rock types found
Discordant
A coastline which has alternate bands of hard and soft rock along it
coast
Dormant Zzzz A volcano that has not erupted for a very long time but could erupt again
volcano the future
This is the area around the river. The water which falls in this area is
Drainage basin
collected into the river and drained into the sea
X
An extended period of dry weather leading to conditions of extreme
Drought dryness
Earthquake Large vibrations (shaking) that move through the earth’s surface
Equatorial Found between 10-15° north or south of the equator, it has high annual
climate temperatures (with little range) and high annual rainfall
Extinct volcano
X A volcano that has shown no signs of volcanic activity in historic times
Fetch The distance of open water over which wind can blow to create waves
The centre of the earthquake, where the rock gives way and the seismic
Focus waves start (underground)
Hard A scheme that involves altering the natural environment with concrete,
engineering stone, steel metal to protect the surrounding areas
Hard Rock
X Rock which is more resistant to erosion
Headland A point of land which projects out into the sea, it is eroded slowly
High pressure More weight on the earth’s surface because air is sinking
A bar and line growth, it shows how water levels in a river change
Hydrograph
following (after) a storm event (period of heavy rainfall)
Leaching When nutrients are washed away by rainwater from the soil
Leaf litter When leaves fall to the ground from the trees after they die
This is a line which represents (shows) the river from source (start) to
Long profile mouth (end) and how it’s features change (width, depth of channel,
landforms)
Long-term Effects which have a lasting impact over months or even years
Months/years
Less weight on the earth’s surface because air is rising up into the
Low pressure atmosphere
Lower course This is the end of the river where it nears the sea (mouth)
Salt tolerant forests of trees and shrubs which grow in tidal estuaries and
Mangrove coastal zones of tropical areas
A semi-solid (melted) layer of rock surrounding the core and below the
Mantle earth’s crust
Natural hazard A naturally occurring event which puts human life at risk
Overhang When soft rock is eroded and leaves hard rock hanging (unsupported)
Ox-bow lake A curved lake found on the floodplain of a river bend (meander)
Plate boundary The place where two places meet (also known as a plate margin)
Preparedness These are things that are done before the event
Wooden planks are put along the beach which aim to break apart wave
Revetment energy
An area around the Pacific Ocean plate which contains the most active
Ring of fire volcanoes
River cliff An erosional landform found on the outside of a river bend (meander)
Secondary These occur as a result of the primary effects such as the impact of
effect tsunamis, fires causing by ruptured gas mains
A gentle, low-angled volcano formed by runny lava. The lava flows long
Shield volcano distances before cooling
Days Effects which are immediate and happen in the hours and days following
Short-term the earthquake or volcanic eruptions
Slip-off slope A depositional landform found on the inside of a river bend (meander)
key Terms Glossary
A scheme that involves the use of natural means (e.g. planting more
Soft engineering
trees) to protect the surrounding area
Soft Rock
✔ Rock which is less resistant to erosion (easy to erode)
A ridge of sand or shingle connected to the land at one end and into the
Spit open sea the other
A isolated pillar of rock which has become separated from the headland
Stack by erosion
Subduction Where one plate is forced below another plate into the mantle and melts
Swash The movement of material up the beach in the direction of the wind
Synoptic chart A map which shows the weather conditions over a wide area
Tectonic plate The earth’s surface is broken up into sections of solid rock
Rivers take the eroded material and move it downstream. There are 4
Transportation
types of transportation: traction, saltation, suspension and solution
Volcanic Any dangerous process that puts human life, livelihoods and/or
hazard infrastructure at risk of harm
Wave-cut A gently sloping rock surface found at the base of a coastal cliff. It is
platform covered by water at high tide and is exposed in low tide
Wave When a wave changes shape and loses speed as it comes into contact
refraction with the sea bed
Wind direction The direction (north, east, south, west) the wind is coming from
Holderness Coast (UK) • For a named area of coast you have studied, describe the natural
Or hazards faced by people
2.3 Coasts • For an area you have studied, describe how coastal hazards are
Haeundae Coast (Korea)
being managed
Tropical Rainforests: • For a named area of tropical rainforest you have studied, explain
Borneo why deforestation has taken place
• Describe the impacts of deforestation of tropical rainforests on the
Hot desert: global natural environment
2.5 Climate & Namib Desert • For a named area of tropical rainforest you have studied, explain
Vegetation how its characteristics are influenced by the Equatorial climate
• For a named area of hot desert you have studied, describe and
explain the characteristics of its natural vegetation
• For a named area of hot desert you have studied, explain why the
climate is hot and dry
CASE STUDY
Opportunities from Volcanic activity: Iceland
Key info:
Where?
Hazards
Opportunities
CASE STUDY
Causes and impacts of a volcanic eruption: Soufriere Hills Volcano (Montserrat)
Key info:
Where?
When?
Causes of eruption:
Diagram – remember to fully annotate it to show how plate movement causes a
volcanic eruption
Social
Economic
Environmental
CASE STUDY
Causes and impacts from an earthquake: Haiti (2010)
Key info:
Where?
When?
Social
Economic
Environmental
When?
Social
Economic
Environmental
Causes:
Impacts Management
Social
Economic
Environmental
CASE STUDY
Opportunities from rivers: River Nile, Egypt
Food supply
Farming
Factory processing
Aswan Dam
Trading
Water supply
1100km of levees have been constructed along the banks of the river Nile
Large barrages have been built across the river to raise water levels such as the
Zifta and Delta Barrages
Water storage such as the High Aswan Dam have been built
The New Valley Project is a series of canals to take water from Lake Nasser and
irrigate parts of the Western desert.
An early warning system to predict floods on the Nile has been requested by
scientists but 1998 and 2016 floods in Sudan showed that it takes 1 month to
evacuate communities
CASE STUDY
River management: Yangtze River (China)
Quick facts:
River length:
flood event:
Place: Place:
Cost: Cost:
Details: Details:
Landuse zoning
Place:
Cost:
Details:
Washlands
Place:
Cost: Flood warming systems
Details:
CASE STUDY
Managing hazards along a coastline: Holderness Coast (UK)
Hazards Opportunities
CASE STUDY
Managing hazards along a coastline: Haeundae Coast (Korea)
Hazards Opportunities
Quick Facts:
• Where?
• Why?
CASE STUDY
Tropical Rainforest Characteristics: Amazon Rainforest (Brazil)
Quick Facts:
Causes of deforestation
Global Impacts
Atmospheric pollution Global warming
Local Impacts
Loss of biodiversity and habitats Local people Cycles (soil and rainfall)
Management
Selective logging National parks Afforestation
Climate?
Climate influences:
Involves putting parts together which have been made elsewhere. Parts
Assembly
are added to other semi-finished parts by machinery along an assembly
industry
line
Climate change The long-term changes in temperatures and typical weather patterns
Consumerism A way of life based around consuming (using) products and services
Domestic
People going on holiday in their own country
Tourism
Economic
The generation of wealth through the development of industry
Development
Energy mix The different ‘mix’ of fuel sources to a country’s energy consumption
Enhanced
Global warming caused by large-scale pollution of the atmosphere by
greenhouse
economic activities
effect
Extensive A farm with low capital (money) inputs, it covers a large area and has a
farming low output per hectare (low yield)
Fuels made from hydrocarbons (coal, oil and natural gas), formed by the
Fossil fuel
decomposition of prehistoric organisms in past geological periods
Geothermal The natural heat found in the earth’s crust in the form of steam, hot water
energy and hot rock
This is when people, countries and businesses around the world are
Globalisation
becoming more interconnected and interdependent.
Greenhouse A gas such as methane, carbon dioxide and water vapor which absorbs
gases radiation and adds to the enhanced greenhouse effect
Intensive A farm with high capital (money) and/or inputs, a small area of land and
farming high outputs (high yield)
Land When land becomes bad for farming due to soil erosion, desertification
degradation and pollution
Manufacturing Turning raw materials from the primary sector into finished products on
industry a large scale
Mass tourism Large numbers of tourists visit one place at the same time
Mechanisation
X Where machines replace people in factories
Natural
The air beneath the earth’s surface kept warmer because the long-wave
Greenhouse
radiation is trapped by gasses in the atmosphere
effect
Nuclear power Energy which is created using reactions from nuclear reactor
Items from which more complex items are made. Steel is made using
Raw materials
coal, iron and limestone: coal, iron and limestone are raw materials
Renewable Sources of energy such as solar and wind power that are not depleted as
energy they are used
A tertiary industry which does not produce anything but involves activities
Service industry associated with commerce and distribution as well as banking,
administration, tourism, health, education
Soil erosion
X The loss of soil by wind and/or water action or human activities
Standard of The level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to
living a population
Subsistence Growing enough food for yourself and your family, none is left over to
farming X sell
Key Terms Glossary
Sustainable Development that meets the needs of the present generation without
development compromising the needs of the future generations
Tourism All the activities and services that a tourist takes part in
Someone who spends at least one night away from their normal place of
Tourist
residence
• For a named farm or agricultural area you have studied, describe the farming
Farm or agricultural system
system: • For an example you have studied, describe and explain the land use of a farm or
Prairie Farms (Canada) agricultural area
• For a named farm or agricultural area you have studied, explain how the natural
3.2 Food supply environment (climate, relief and soil) has influenced how the land is used
Country or region suffering • For a named country or region you have studied, describe the causes of food
from food shortages: shortages
• For a named country or region you have studied, describe the impacts of food
Sudan and South Sudan shortages
Silicon Valley, California • Explain the location of a factory or industrial zone in a named area you have
3.3 Industry
(USA) studied
• For a named example of an area you have studied, explain why the
physical and human landscapes attract tourists
• For a named area you have studied, describe the disadvantages of the
3.4 Tourism Jamaica tourist industry for local people
• For a named tourist destination or region you have studied, explain how
tourism is managed so that it is sustainable
China
3.5 Energy OR • For a named country or area you have studied, describe how every is supplied
Iceland
Lesotho & South Africa • For a named country you have studied, explain how clean drinking water is
3.6 Water
(Limpopo) supplied
• Describe the threats caused by global warming. You should refer to named areas
3.7 Environmental affected
Pearl River Delta (China)
risks • For an economic activity in a named area you have studied, describe how the
environmental risks are being managed
CASE STUDY
A Global TNC: Nike (USA) in China
Quick Facts:
Reasons for
locating in China
What are the advantages of Nike in China? What are the disadvantages of Nike in China?
CASE STUDY
A farming system: Prairie Farms (Canada)
Quick Facts:
Climate?
Political disruption?
Climate?
Locational factors
Companies:
Solutions?
CASE STUDY
Tourism: Jamaica
Quick facts:
Total population:
% of people employed in
tourist industry:
each year:
HEP Geothermal
Positive Positive
Negative Negative
How are other areas ensuring a safe and reliable drinking water supply?