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    Beams Reinforced For Tension Only

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    Arkie Tecture
    1. The document describes the design of a reinforced concrete beam with a span of 6m supporting concentrated loads of 50kN at each third point. The maximum shear force is 62.72kN and maximum bending moment is 119.08kNm. Stirrups spaced at 260mm and 4-25mm diameter longitudinal bars are required. 2. An example problem involves designing a reinforced concrete beam carrying a total load of 5kN/m. The required steel reinforcement is 6-20mm diameter bars. 3. The transformed section method for analyzing reinforced concrete beams is described, which involves finding the equivalent area of concrete that would produce the same effect as the steel.

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    Beams Reinforced For Tension Only

    Uploaded by

    Arkie Tecture
    117 views47 pages
    1. The document describes the design of a reinforced concrete beam with a span of 6m supporting concentrated loads of 50kN at each third point. The maximum shear force is 62.72kN and maximum bending moment is 119.08kNm. Stirrups spaced at 260mm and 4-25mm diameter longitudinal bars are required. 2. An example problem involves designing a reinforced concrete beam carrying a total load of 5kN/m. The required steel reinforcement is 6-20mm diameter bars. 3. The transformed section method for analyzing reinforced concrete beams is described, which involves finding the equivalent area of concrete that would produce the same effect as the steel.

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    1. The document describes the design of a reinforced concrete beam with a span of 6m supporting concentrated loads of 50kN at each third point. The maximum shear force is 62.72kN and maximum bending moment is 119.08kNm. Stirrups spaced at 260mm and 4-25mm diameter longitudinal bars are required. 2. An example problem involves designing a reinforced concrete beam carrying a total load of 5kN/m. The required steel reinforcement is 6-20mm diameter bars. 3. The transformed section method for analyzing reinforced concrete beams is described, which involves finding the equivalent area of concrete that would produce the same effect as the steel.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    117 views47 pages

    Beams Reinforced For Tension Only

    Uploaded by

    Arkie Tecture
    1. The document describes the design of a reinforced concrete beam with a span of 6m supporting concentrated loads of 50kN at each third point. The maximum shear force is 62.72kN and maximum bending moment is 119.08kNm. Stirrups spaced at 260mm and 4-25mm diameter longitudinal bars are required. 2. An example problem involves designing a reinforced concrete beam carrying a total load of 5kN/m. The required steel reinforcement is 6-20mm diameter bars. 3. The transformed section method for analyzing reinforced concrete beams is described, which involves finding the equivalent area of concrete that would produce the same effect as the steel.

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    BEAMS REINFORCED FOR TENSION

    ONLY
    EXAMPLE:
    Design a reinforced concrete beam on a span
    of 6m to support a concentrated load of 50KN
    at each third point. f’c = 20MPa, fs=138MPa,
    n=10, use 25mmØ main bars, b=300mm.
    50KN 50KN
    2m 2m 2m

    Draw the shear and moment diagram.


    n
    k = --------------
    fs
    n + -----
    fc

    fc = 0.45 f’c = 0.45 (20)


    fc = 9 Mpa
    k = 0.395

    j = 1 – k/3
    j = 0.868

    R = ½ fc kj
    R = 1.543 MPa
    d=

    d = 464.79 mm
    try d = 530mm

    Total depth, h = 530 + 12.5 + 10 + 40


    = 592.5mm say 600mm
    Weight of beam, w= 2.4 (9.81)(0.30)(0.60)
    w = 4.24 KN/m

    Analyze the actual loadings and determine the


    max.V and max. M.

    max.M = 62.72 KN
    Max.M = 119.08 KN.m
    check d:

    actual d = 600 – 40 -10 – 12.5 = 537.5mm

    d=

    d = 507.20mm < 537.5 mm (OK)


    Shearing stress:

    allow. v = 0.09
    allow. v = 0.402 Mpa

    v = V/bd

    V = 62.72 – 4.24(0.5375)
    V = 60.441KN
    v = 0.375MPa < 0.402 MPa (OK)

    Using 10mmØ stirrups:

    Max. S = d/2 = 537.5/2 = 268.75mm say 260mm


    Steel Reinforcement:

    As = M/fs jd

    As = 119.08 () / (138)(0.868)(537.5)

    As = 1849.53
    using 25mmØ main bars
    N = 3.77 say 4 bars
    Use 4 – 25mmØ RSB
    check the arrangement of the main bars

    Bond stress bet. Concrete and steel:

    Check bond:
    μ = V / Σo jd
    V = 62.72KN
    Σo = (25)(4)
    μ = 0.43MPa

    allow. 10.14 / D = 10.14 /25


    = 1.814MPa > 0.43 MPa (OK)
    SEATWORK:
    Design the reinforced concrete beam shown for
    tension only. The beam carries a total load
    (including its own weight) equal to 5 KN/m.
    f’c = 20.7MPa, fs=138MPa. Indicate proper
    placement of the bar. Use 20mmØ main bars
    and b=300mm.
    5 KN/m

    6m
    Max. V = 30KN

    Max. M = -90KN.m (at the fixed end)


    Modulus of elasticity of concrete:

    Unlike steel and other materials, concrete has


    no definite E. It’s value is dependent on the
    characteristics of cement and aggregates used,
    age of concrete and strengths.
    According to NSCP, Ec for concrete for values
    of wc between 1500 kg/cu.m and 2500 kg/cu.m is

    Ec = wc1.5 0.043 ( Mpa)

    For normal weight of concrete:


    Ec = 4700
     
    n = 9.35

    fc = 9.315 Mpa

    k = 0.387
    j = 0.871

    R = 1.57MPa
    required d = 437.13 mm

    h = 437.13 + 10+10+40 = 497.13mm


    say 500mm

    d = 440mm

    As = 1701.74 sq.mm
    N = 6 bars
    actual d based from correct arrangement of
    steel bars:

    d = 420mm
    allow. v = 0.409 MPa

    v = V/bd

    V= 27.9 KN

    v = 0.22 MPa (ok)


    Max. S = d/2 = 210mm

    Use 10mmØ stirrups spaced at 0.21m o.c.


    Check bond stress:

    Allowable bond stress:


    for top bars in tension μ = 7.18 / D

    other than top bars in tension


    μ = 10.14 / D
    μa= 1.63MPa
    μa= 2.31MPa

    μ= 0.33MPa < 1.63MPa (ok)

    μ= 0.65MPa < 2.31MPa (ok)


    INVESTIGATION OF BEAMS
    Transformed Section Method
    A reinforced concrete beam can be treated as
    a homogeneous beam, if the steel considered
    is to be replaced by concrete, so as to
    produced the same effect as the steel in
    resisting bending moment. This hypothetical
    concrete is assumed to be able to resist
    tension, in contrast to the properties of real
    concrete.
    See figure page 61
    The steel area is replaced by an equivalent
    fictitious area of steel = nAs .This is because
    steel is “n” times stronger than concrete.

    bx (x/2) = nAs (d-x) with b,n, As and d known


    x could be solved
    After knowing x, the moment of inertia of the
    transformed section could be determined

    IN.A.= bx3/3 + nAs (d-x)2


     
    With computed moment of inertia with respect
    to the neutral axis, the flexural formula may
    be used:
    For concrete: fc = Mc x/I
    For steek: fs/n = Ms (d-x) / I

    This method enables us to solve problems


    having different geometrical shape or cross-
    section of reinforced concrete beams.
    Balanced Design
    Refers to a design so proportional that the
    limiting stresses in concrete and steel are
    reached simultaneously once the maximum
    load is reached, causing them to fail
    simultaneously.
    Under-reinforced design
    Is a design in which the steel reinforcement is
    lesser than what is required for balanced
    condition. If the max. load is approached, the
    steel with will begin to yield although the
    compression concrete is still understressed. If
    the load is further increased, the steel will
    continue to elongate, resulting in appreciable
    deflections and large visible cracks in the
    tensile concrete. Failure under this condition
    is ductile and will give warning to the user of
    the structure to decrease the load.
    Over-reinforced design
    Is a design in which the steel reinforcement is
    more than what is required for balanced
    condition. If the beam is over reinforced, the
    steel will not yield before failure. As the load
    is increased, deflections are not noticeable
    although the compression concrete is highly
    stressed, and failure occurs suddenly without
    warning to the user of the structure.
    Over reinforced as well as balanced design
    should be avoided in concrete because of its
    brittle property that is why the Code limits the
    tensile steel percentage to ensure
    underreinforced beam wirh ductile type of
    failure to give occupants warning before
    failure occurs.
    A useful reference is the so-called balanced
    section, which occurs when use of the exact
    amount of reinforcing steel bars results in the
    simultaneous limiting stresses in the concrete
    and steel.
    If less tensile reinforcing is used, the moment
    will be limited by the steel stress, the
    maximum stress in the concrete will be below
    the limit of 0.45f’c,
    the value of k will slightly lower than the
    balanced value, and the value of j will slightly
    higher than the balanced value. These
    relationships are useful in design for the
    determination of approximate requirements
    for cross sections.
    When the area of steel used is less than the
    balanced, the true value of k is
    k = 2 – ρn

    Mc = ½ fc kjbd2

    Ms = Asfsjd
    Beams with reinforcement less than that
    required for the balanced moment are called
    underbalanced section or under-reinforced
    sections.
    The balanced section is not necessarily a
    design ideal, but is useful in establishing the
    limits for the section.
    Sample Problem:
    A rectangular simply supported reinforced
    concrete beam has a cross-section of 250mm
    x 500mm and a simple span of 6m. It is
    reinforced with 4 – 20mm diam.bars in one
    row. Using fs = 124MPa, fc = 7MPa, n=12
    Compute the safe resisting moment of the
    beam.
    Determine the additional load P that could
    be carried by this section at midspan besides
    a uniform load of 12KN/m including the
    weight of beam if bending stress controls.

    Compute the value of P if shear controls.

    Compute the safe value of P if bond stress


    controls.
    As = 1256.64 sq.mm
    ρ= 0.011

    k= 0.40
    j = 0.867

    Mc = 58.75KN.m
    Ms = 59.44 KN.m
    Safe resisting moment = 58.75KN.m
    value of P if bending stress controls:
    external Moment

    M = PL/4 + wL2/8 = 58.75KN.m

    P = 3.17KN
    Value of P if shear stress controls:

    allow.v = 0.355MPa

    v = (P/2 + 30.72)(1000)/ (250)(440)=0.355

    P = 16.66KN
    Value of P if bond stress controls:

    allow.μ= 2MPa

    P = 311.41KN

    Safe P = 3.17KN
    Sample Problem:
    The beam in the figure shown has a 20MPa
    concrete and is reinforced with a 4 – 25mmØ
    bars. If it sustains a bending moment of 100KN.m
    1. Compute the moment of inertia of the
    transformed section at the neutral axis.
    2. Compute the stress in concrete.
    3. Compute the stress in steel.
    Use n=10
    See figure 64

    nAs = 19634.95
    x = 185.925
    450 – x = 264.075
    IN.A. = 1981.35 x 106 mm4

    Stress in concrete:

    fc = 9.38MPa

    Stress in steel:

    fs = 133.28MPa
    Seatwork:

    In reinforced beam having a width of 300mm


    and an effective depth of 600mm, carries a
    moment of 80KN.m which developed a max.
    stress of 5MPa in the concrete.
    1. If n=9, compute the distance of the neutral
    axis from the top of the beam.
    2. Compute the steel reinforcement required.
    3. Compute the stress developed in the steel.
    PAGE 49

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