Chap 1 IMF Part3

GENERAL CHEMISTRY
2
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES, LIQUIDS, AND SOLIDS
MERLYN GONZALES
Chapter 1: Lesson 3
THE NATURE OF SOLIDS
Objectives:
1. Describe the difference in structure of crystalline and amorphous solids.

2. Describe the different types of crystals and their properties: ionic, covalent,
molecular, and metallic.
3. Describe the nature of the following phase changes in terms of energy change and
the increase or decrease. in molecular order: solid-liquid, liquid-vapor, and solid-vapor .
THE NATURE OF SOLIDS
SOLIDS
are either
Crystalline or Amorphous
Solids Solids
exist as
Solids without
Covalent a crystal lattice
Ionic Molecular Metallic
network
solids solids solids
solids
 How are the structures and properties of solids related?

 What determines the shape of a crystal?
Sublimation
Activity 3. Sublimation
Objective
To observe the sublimation of air freshener
Materials
Two test tubes (big and small) hot water

Small pieces of air freshener ice
Two cardboard strips beaker
Procedure
1. Put small pieces of air freshener in the bigger test

tube.
2. Bend the cardboard strips, and place them over the
brim of the test tube that has the air freshener juices.
3. Place the smaller test tube inside the bigger test tube.
The base of the smaller test tube should not touch the
air freshener. Adjust the cardboard as necessary. This
assembly serves as the sublimation setup.
4. Fill the small test tube with crushed ice. No ice or
water should go to the bigger test tube.
5. Place your sublimation setup in the beaker with hot
water.
6. Observe what happens.
Questions for Analysis

1. What is sublimation?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What would happen if the water in the beaker were at room temperature? If it were
boiling?
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_____________________________________________________________________
3. Why is it possible to separate the substances in some mixtures by sublimation?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
 Solidcan be classified as crystalline or
amorphous based on the arrangement
of their particles.
Types and
Properties of Solids
 Crystalline solids have highly regular
arrangement of particles, while
amorphous solids have considerable
disorder in their structure.
AMORPHOUS SOLIDS
 Amorphous solids (from Greek word for

“without form”)
- are solids whose particles do not have
orderly structures
- they have poorly-defined shapes
- they are formed rapidly that its
constituents particles do not have time to align
or organize into a more crystalline lattice (Ex.
Glass)
 Crystalline Solids have well-defined
crystal lattice.
Types and A lattice is a three-

Properties of Solids dimensional system of points designating
the positions of the components (ions,
atoms, or molecules) that make up a
crystal.
Crystalline: Solids
 Particles Table Salt

(NaCl)
Types and
 A unit cell is the smallest repeating
unit of lattice.
Types and
 Three kinds of cubic unit cells:
 1. simple cubic – has atom in each corners
 2. centered cubic - has an additional atom at the center of its
cube
 3. face-centered cubic - has additional atoms on each of its six
faces
Types and
Types of Crystalline Solids
TYPES COMPONENTS THAT TYPE OF TYPICAL PROPERTIES EXAMPLES
OCCUPY THE INTERACTION
LATTICE POINTS BETWEEN
COMPONENTS OF
LATTICE
IONIC Ions Ionic Hard, high melting point, NaCl and
insulating as solid but conducting
when dissolved
MOLECULAR Discrete molecules Dipole-dipole or Soft, low melting point Ice, dry ice, , , ,
London dispersion
METALLIC Metal atoms Delocalized covalent Wide range of hardness and All metallic elements
melting points e.g. Silver, Iron, Brass,
NETWORK Nonmetal atoms Directional covalent Hard, high melting point Diamond
GROUP 8A Noble gases London dispersion Very low melting point Argon
forces
Types and
NaCl, Ice, Diamond, Metallic bond

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GENERAL CHEMISTRY

THE NATURE OF SOLIDS

1. Describe the difference in structure of crystalline and amorphous solids.

 How are the structures and properties of solids related?

To observe the sublimation of air freshener

Two test tubes (big and small) hot water

1. Put small pieces of air freshener in the bigger test

Questions for Analysis

3. Why is it possible to separate the substances in some mixtures by sublimation?

 Amorphous solids (from Greek word for

Types and A lattice is a three-

 Particles Table Salt

NaCl, Ice, Diamond, Metallic bond

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