Ring Frame - Technological Aspects
Ring Frame - Technological Aspects
Ring Frame - Technological Aspects
OPERATING PRINCIPLE
• The roving bobbins (1) are inserted in holders (3) on the creel.
• Guide bars (4) guide the rovings (2) into the drafting system (5), where they are drawn to
their final count.
• The drafting system is at an angle of 45-60° and is one of the most important units on the
machine, since it exerts a very considerable influence on the uniformity of the yarn in
particular.
• After the resulting thin strand of fibers (6) leaves the delivery roller, the twist necessary
for imparting strength is provided by spindle (8) rotating at high speed.
• In the process each rotation of the traveller on the spinning ring (10) produces a twist in
the yarn.
• Ring traveller (9) is also necessary for taking up this yarn onto a tube mounted on
the spindle. This traveller moves on a guide rail (i.e. Ring) around the spindle. The ring
traveller has no drive of its own, it is dragged with spindle (8) via the yarn attached to it.
OPERATING PRINCIPLE
• The rotation of the ring traveller lags somewhat behind that of the spindle due to the
relatively high friction of the ring traveller on the ring and the atmospheric resistance of
the traveller and the thread balloon between yarn guide eyelet (7) and traveller (9).
• This difference in speed between the spindle and the traveller results in the thread being
wound onto the tube.
• In contrast to the roving frame, the ring spinning machine spindle operates with at higher
speed than the traveller (9).
• The yarn is wound up into a cylindrical cop form by raising and lowering of the rings,
which are mounted on a continuous ring rail.
• The layer traverse of the ring rail is also less than the full winding height of the tube. The
ring rail therefore has to be raised slightly (shift traverse) after each layer has been
wound.
LIMITATIONS
• Piecing of the yarn is difficult (delivery rate can’t be increased due to piecing).
• The process of making yarn is longer than other means, as elimination of stages is not possible.
LINE GUIDANCE
• A small aluminium or wooden roller (1), the so-called dummy roller, presses with its low dead weight against
the bottom roller. This device is no longer used in modern drafting systems (a).
• This can take place in the form of deflection around rollers (b), single aprons (c) or double aprons (d). New
ring spinning machine drafting systems are equipped with double aprons, as well as deflection around rollers
(b).
• Only this device (e) can provide optimum fiber control and thus fewer irregularities. However, it is difficult to
work with, since the size of the channel, for example, should always be adjusted to the bulk of the material.
TOP ROLLER SYNTHETIC
COVERINGS
• Top roller synthetic coverings provide nip line (essentially under pressure) for effective fibre
gripping.
• Effective gripping or hold on fibre depends upon shore degree or hardness of cot.
• High hardness decrease roller lapping, roller slippage, and more life, less wear and tear.
• Hardness for synthetic material is kept more to avoid roller lapping, slippage, wear and tear.
• Better guidance (more enclosure and great area of contact specially for less number of fibers)
• Buffing in ring for one grinding operation reduces diameter about 0.2mm and limited up to 3mm.
PNEUMATIC ROLLER PRESSURE
• It is simple and very rapid central pressure system as compared to other systems.
• Rapid pressure reduction to a minimum when the machine is stopped so that the roller coverings
• Range of draft
• Size of apron
• Size of rollers
• Speed of rollers
3. Ring rail
• Ring rail move faster than lappet guide rail
THREAD GUIDE
• Fitted immediately over the spindle, the thread guide (Lappet guide)
guides the yarn centrally over the center axis of the spindle.
• The thread guide consists of wire eyelet (o) and thread board (k). The
eyelet is mounted adjustably in the thread board (fitted on a thread
guide rail) to enable it to be centred.
• The rail can be raised and lowered with the thread guides. While cops
are being wound it performs the same movements as the ring rail, but
with a smaller traverse height:
• In old days to avoid balloon formation resultantly yarn tension variation, heavy traveller was
used which can cause to increase end breakage rate.
ADVANTAGES:
• Longer spindle can be used. Lift can be increased, possibly up to 10” but for making coarser
yarn.
• Spindle can be run at higher speed in the presence of balloon control ring.
DISADVANTAGES:
• Hairiness increases due to rubbing as a result of yarn contact with the BCR.
• In case of synthetic material due to rubbing heat generate that can cause the yarn to melt.
SEPARATOR PLATE
• It is a protective device, made of Plastic or metallic (Al) and is
around the swiftly rotating spindle and can collide with the
down.
SPINDLE DRIVE
• 50-80% of the total power of ring frame is utilized in spindle drive.
TAPE DRIVE
• Tape drive technology is most famous and widely used as a mean to provide drive to the spindle.
• 4 spindle driving tape (Need tin roller and jockey pulley assembly)
• Tin rollers take drive from the main motor and deliver to 4 spindles by single tape through jockey pulley.
• Synthetic tape (less wear, less elasticity, high life span but costly)
SPINDLE DRIVE
ADVANTAGES OF TAPE DRIVE:
• It is more universal
• If the tape is broken due to any reason, only 4 spindles will be stopped, less production loss relatively.
DISADVANTAGES:
• Tin roller often runs out of round (it is hollow from inside)
• It will cause the whole frame to vibrate and consume unnecessary energy.
TYPES:
3. Sectional belt
4. Belts for a particular group of spindles (e.g 90 Spindles/ belt) having one motor for each group.
SPINDLE DRIVE
SPINDLE DRIVE
ADVANTAGES:
• Elimination of driving components under the machine
• Less disturbance by the air under the machine
• Reduced and simple maintenance will be required
• It will permit narrow width of frame so we can accommodate more number of frames in a given space.
• It will eliminate the need for using long driving shaft thereby reducing the power and air turbulence.
• By adjusting the pressure at each belt spindle, variations between spindle speeds can be eliminated.
DISADVANTAGES:
• It is costly
• If tape breaks on one side whole frame will be stop.
• It require special maintenance and watch.
RING
• It acts as a guiding and running circular track of the traveller.
• Adaptor (spring) is used to tight the ring on the ring rail from the lower side. It must not loose.
• Three important things related to ring are:
• Accurate manufacturing (related to manufacturing company)
• Optimum selection (concern with spinner)
• Proper application (concern with spinner)
QUALITY PARAMETERS:
• Material of ring
• Surface characteristics
• Forms of both elements (Ring w.r.t. Traveller)
• Wear resistance
• Level of smoothness of running
• Running in condition (breaking time)
• Fibre lubrication (ring and traveller are metallic, rubbing with each other, wear, so lubrication is necessary)
RING
RING TYPES:
1. With respect to lubrication
5. Profile of flange
7. Old ring
8. New ring
• (high performance ring on high performance ring frame with H.F traveller)
TYPES OF RING
LUBRICATION:
• LUBRICATED RING:
• Normally used for woolen and worsted spinning.
• Only/ sometimes they are also used on doubling frame for doubling and plying, folding and cabling.
• Also known as grooved ring, (it has a groove in the internal side for lubrication)
• DOUBLE FLANGED:
Flange diameter
(mm) 2.3 2.6 3.2 3.7 4.1 4.36 4.76 6.3
• For double yarn ring diameter ranges from 2-4 that runs at much lower speed.
• Angle of yarn pull is also known as “Angle of wind” (Range 20 33)
TYPES OF RING
FLANGE PROFILE:
• Shape of the upper part of the ring is known as profile.
1. Flat ring (especially compatible for elliptical traveller, used for finer yarn)
• Anti-wedge
• Low crown
2. Conventional ring
• Space between toe of traveller and ring flat surface increases, which helps smooth running.
TYPES OF RING
ANTI-WEDGE RING:
• High performance anti-wedge ring have offset part on which traveller moves.
• In this case the flange inner side is enlarged and also flattened from the upper side. This change will permit
the use of travellers with a low center of gravity and precisely adopted in case of elliptical traveller.
• These rings can operate at high speed and are preferred for making finer count.
• The spread of load will be better and also heat dissipation will be more.
TYPES OF RING
LOW CROWN RING:
• Curvature of upper surface has been flattened giving more space for passage of yarn so that curvature
of traveller is also been reduced and center of gravity will be lowered.
• On this ring all type of traveller can be used except elliptical.
RING ALIGNMENT:
1. Horizontal
2. Vertical (ear shaped) used in doubling frame
3. Inclined
RING SURFACE:
4. Solid surface ring
5. Porous centered surface ring
MATERIAL OF RING
MATERIAL TYPE:
1. Cardio nitrated steel (most popular)
2. Chrome steel (2nd M.P)
3. Nitrated steel (rarely used)
4. Flame hardened steel (rarely used)
• Surface of the ring should be very hard, smooth but not be over smooth.
• Wax in cotton melt at higher speed, due to high smoothness it does not retain on the ring surface. This film
disappears.
• However it is necessary to get higher speed of traveller.
MATERIAL OF RING
RUNNING – IN OF RING: (breaking time)
• The spindle speed should be gradually increased in steps when installing new ring, but not in sharp steps.
This will increase the life of ring.
• Burnt traveller should not be allowed to run for long periods to avoid the spoilage of ring surface (oxidized
surface of traveller will be deposited on the flange)
TRAVELLER
• Traveller is a “C” shaped tiny compound, running on the ring flange.
• Spindle speed is constant but traveller speed varies, during the formation of different package stages (base,
body, shoulder), but it is ignorable. However change in IPI of the yarn.
FUNCTIONS OF TRAVELLER:
• Winding
• Guiding towards the surface of package
• To control the tension in yarn
TRAVELLER
• There are so many types of traveller due to enormous number of yarns varying in following characteristics;
• Coarse or fine
• Thin or thick
• Hairy and smooth
• Single or double
• Compact or voluminous
• Strong (combed/ blended/ polyester) or weaker (Carded)
• Natural or synthetic
• Spindle speed
• Ring diameter
• Ring type
TRAVELLER
CLASSIFICATIONS
1. With respect to shapes
a) “C” shape (kidney shape)
b) Flat
c) Elliptical (oval)
d) “N” shaped
2. Height of bow
• Horizontal
• Vertical (ear shape)
3. Wire profile
4. Traveller mass (number of travellers in a given mass)
5. Type of material
6. Type of surface finish of traveller
TRAVELLER
BASIC REQUIREMENTS
• Heat dissipation
• Matching of size and shape of the traveller with the flange on which it is applied.
• Flat bow
Centrifugal force
(35 N/mm2 ) Contact pressure (45000 lb/ in2)
Friction
Heat
Wear of the surface/ reduction of life
Speed limitation (main problem of this region)
TRAVELLER
TYPES OF SHAPE OF TRAVELLER:
1. C shaper traveller:
• Conventional type, Preferred for bulky yarn
3. Elliptical
4. N travellers:
6. SU traveller:
ROUND:
• Preferred for long fibres (wool, synthetic)
FLAT:
• Preferred for short fibre(cotton)
• POSITIVE GROUP:
• NEGATIVE GROUP:
• Electroplating:
• Coating of one or two metallic layers. E.g. nickel and silver on steel
• Chemical treatment:
• On surface to reduce the frictional effect
• Pitting:
• The process of creating small holes on the surface
• Sapphire traveller
• Spindle speed
• Traveller weight
• Yarn tension
• Shape of traveller
• Type of build (in case of cop build higher speed can be possible)
AUTOMATION ON RING FRAME
1. Transport of roving bobbin to ring frame
2. Exchange of roving bobbin in the creel
3. Threading of roving and piecing
4. Take up and removal of waste
5. Piecing and breakages
6. Stopping of roving feed in case of end breakages
7. Doffing of full packages
8. Cleaning of atmosphere (traveling clearers, blowers etc.)
9. Repair and maintenance
10.Transport of bobbin to Auto-coner e.g. link coner
11.Machine monitoring (ring data = system by Uster)
12.Production monitoring
13.Quality monitoring
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