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Complex Number

1. INTRODUCTION
The number system can be briefly summarized as N  W  I  Q  R  C , where N, W, I, Q, R and
C are the standard notation for the various subsets of the number system.
A complex number is generally represented by the letter “z”. Every complex number z, can be
written as, z  x  iy where x, y  R and i  1 .
x is called the real part of complex number, and
y is the imaginary part of complex number.

Note that the sign + does not indicate addition as normally

understood, nor does the symbol “i” denote a number. These are
parts of the scheme used to express numbers of a new class and
they signify the pair of real numbers (x,y) to form a single complex
number.
Swiss-born mathematician Jean Robert Argand, after a systematic
study on complex numbers, represented every complex number as
a set of ordered pair (x,y) on a plane called complex plane.
All complex numbers lying on the real axis were called purely real
and those lying on imaginary axis as purely imaginary.

Every complex number can be classified as

Hence, the complex number 0  0i is purely real as well as purely imaginary but it is not imaginary.
Note

(a) The symbol i combines itself with real number as per the rule of algebra together with
i2  1 ; i3  i ; i4  1 ; i2014  1 ; i2015  i and so on.
In general, i4n  1 , i4n1  i , i4n2  1 , i4n3  i , n  I .
1 2 2014
Hence, 1  i  i .  i  i2015  0
(b) The complex part of every real number can be treated as zero. Hence, there is one-one mapping
between the set of complex numbers and the set of points on the complex plane.

PLANCESS CONCEPTS
Note: Complex number as an ordered pair: A complex number may also be defined as an ordered
pair of real numbers and may be denoted by the symbol (a, b) . For a complex number to be
uniquely specified, we need two real numbers in a particular order.
Vaibhav Gupta
JEE 2009, AIR 54

2. ALGEBRA OF COMPLEX NUMBERS

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Complex Number

1. Addition: (a  ib)  (c  id) = (a  c)  i(b  d)

2. Subtraction: (a  ib)  (c  id) = (a  c)  i(b  d)
3. Multiplication: (a  ib) (c  id) = (ac  bd)  i (ad  bc)
4. Reciprocal: If at least one of a, b is non-zero, then the reciprocal of a  ib is given by
1 a  ib a b
= = 2 i 2
a  ib (a  ib) (a  ib) a  b2 a  b2
5. Quotient: If at least one of c, d is non-zero, then quotient of a  ib and c  id is given by
a  ib (ac  bd)  i (bc  ad) ac  bd bc  ad
= (a  ib) (c  id) = = 2 i 2
c  id (c  id) (c  id) 2
c d 2
c  d2 c  d2
6. Inequality in complex numbers is not discussed/defined. If a  ib > c  id is meaningful only if
b  d  0 . However, equalities in complex numbers are meaningful. Two complex numbers z1 and
z2 are said to be equal if Re (z1 )  Re(z2 ) and Im (z1 )  Im(z2 ) .
(Geometrically, the position of complex number z1 on complex plane)
2 2
7. In real number system if p  q = 0implies, p  0  q . But if z1 and z2 are complex numbers

then z1  z2  0 does not imply z1  z2  0 . For e.g. z1  i and z2  1 .

2 2

However if the product of two complex numbers is zero then at least one of them must be zero,
same as in case of real numbers.
x, if x  0
8. In case x is real, then | x |  
x, if x  0
but in case of complex number z, | z | means the distance of the point z from the origin.

PLANCESS CONCEPTS
Note:
(a) The additive inverse of a complex number z  a  ib is z (i.e.  a  ib) .
1
(b) For every non-zero complex number z, the multiplicative inverse of z is .
z
(c) | z |  Re(z)  Re(z) and | z |  Im(z)  Im(z) .
z
(d) is always a uni-modular complex number if z  0 .
|z|
Vaibhav Krishnan
JEE 2009, AIR 22
Illustration 1: Find the square root of 5 + 12i. (JEE MAIN)
Sol: z  5  12i
Methodology: Let the square root of the given complex number be a + ib. Use algebra to simplify
and get the value of a and b.
Let its square root = a  ib  5  12i  a2  b2  2abi
 a2  b2  5 … (1)  2ab  12 … (2)
 (a2  b2 ) 2  (a2  b2 ) 2  4a2b2  (a2  b2 ) 2  25  144  169  a2  b2  13 … (3)
2 2
(1) + (3)  2a  18  a  9  a   3
If a  3  b  2 If a  3  b  2
 Square root = 3  2i, 3  2i  Combined form  (3  2i)

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Complex Number

2
Illustration 2: If z  (x, y)  C . Find z satisfying z  (1  i)  (7  17i) . (JEE MAIN)
Sol:
Methodology: Algebra of Complex Numbers.
(x  iy) 2 (1  i)  7  17i
(x2  y2  2xyi) (1  i)  7  17i ; x2  y2  i(x2  y2 )  2xyi  2xy  7  17i
(x2  y2  2xy)  i (x2  y2  2xy)  7  17i  x  3, y  2  x  3, y  2 .

2
Illustration 3: If x  2(1  2i)x  (11  2i)  0 . Solve the equation. (JEE ADVANCED)
Sol:
Methodology: Use the quadratic formula to find the value of x.
2 (1  2i)  4  16  16i  44  8i
x 
2
 2x  (2)(1  2i)  32  24i
 x  ( 1)(1  2i)  8  6i = 1  2i  (3  i) ; x = 2 – i, –4 – 3i

Illustration 4: If f(x) = x 4  4x3  4x2  8x  44 . Find f(3  2i) . (JEE ADVANCED)

Sol:
Methodology: Let x = 3+2i, and square it to form a quadratic equation. Then try to represent f(x)
in terms of this quadratic.
x  3  2i
 (x  3) 2  4  x2  6x  13  0
x4  4x3  4x2  8x  44  x2 (x2  6x  13)  2x3  9x2  8x  44
 f(x)  x2 (x2  6x  13)  2(x3  6x2  13x)  3(x2  6x  13)  5  f(x)  5

3. IMPORTANT TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPLEX NUMBER

Three important terms associated with complex number are conjugate, modulus and argument.

(1) Conjugate
If z = x + iy then its complex conjugate is obtained by changing the sign of its imaginary part and
denoted by z i.e. z = x – iy (see Fig 3).
The conjugate satisfies following basic properties
 z  z = 2Re z
 z  z = 2i Im z
 z z  x2  y 2
 If z lies in 1st quadrant then z lies in 4th quadrant
and – z in the 2nd quadrant.
 If x + iy = f (a + ib) then x – iy = f (a – ib)
For e.g. If (2 + 3i)3 = x + i y then (2 – 3i)3 = x – iy
and, sin(  i) = x + iy  sin(  i) = x – iy
 zz = 0  z is purely imaginary
 zz 0  z is purely real

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Complex Number

(2) Modulus
If P denotes a complex number z = x + iy then, OP = | z | = x2  y 2 .
Geometrically, it is the distance of a complex number from the origin.
Hence, note that | z |  0 , | i | = 1 i.e. 1 = 1.
All complex number having the same modulus lie on a circle with center
as origin and radius, r = | z |.

(3) Argument
If OP makes an angle  (see Fig 4) with real axis in anticlockwise sense, then  is called the
argument of z. General values of argument of z are given by 2n  , n  N . Hence any two
successive arguments differ by 2 .
Note: A complex number is completely defined by specifying both modulus and argument.
However for the complex number 0 + 0i the argument is not defined and this is the only complex
number which is completely defined by its modulus only.
 Amplitude (Principal value of argument): The unique value of  such that      is called
principal value of argument. Unless otherwise stated, amp z refers to the principal value of
argument.
 Least positive argument: The value of  such that 0    2 is called the least positive argument.

PLANCESS CONCEPTS
Key Take-Away Point:
1 y
(a) If x > 0, y > 0 (i.e. z is in first quadrant), then arg z =  = tan .
x
1 y
(b) If x < 0, y > 0 (i.e. z is in 2nd quadrant, then arg z =  =   tan
x
1 y
(c) If x < 0, y < 0 (i.e. z is in 3rd quadrant), then arg z =  =    tan
x
1 y
(d) If x > 0, y < 0 (i.e. z is in 4th quadrant), then arg z =  =  tan
x
0, if x  0
(e) If y = 0 (i.e. z is on the X-axis), then arg (x + i0) = 
 , if x  0

2 , if y  0
(f) If x = 0 (i.e. z is on the Y-axis), then arg (0 + iy) = 

 3 , if y  0

2
Shrikant Nagori
JEE 2009, AIR 30
2 2
Illustration 5: For what real values of x and y, are 3  ix y and x  y  4i complex conjugate to
each other? (JEE MAIN)

Sol:

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Complex Number

2 2 2
Methodology: As 3  ix y and x  y  4i are complex conjugate of eachother. Therefore 3  ix y
2
= x  y  4i .
3  ix2 y  x2  y  4i
Equating real and imaginary parts of the following, we get
2 2 2
– 3 = x  y  y  3  x … (1) and x y = – 4 … (2)
Putting the value of y = 3  x2 from (1) in (2), we get
x2 ( 3  x2 ) = – 4  x 4  3x2  4  0
3  9  16 3  5 2 8
 x2    ,  1,  4
2 2 2 2
 x2  1  x  1
2
Putting value of x = ± 1 in (1), we get y = – 3 – (1) = – 3 – 1 = – 4
Hence, x = ± 1 and y = – 4.
1i 1i
Illustration 6: Find the modulus of  . (JEE MAIN)
1i 1i
Sol:
1i 1i
Methodology: As | z | = x2  y 2 , Therefore by solving  using algebra of complex
1i 1i
number we will get the result.
1i 1i
Here, we have  = (1  i)(1  i)  (1  i)(1  i)
1i 1i (1  i) (1  i) (1  i) (1  i)
1  i2  2i 1  i2  2i 1  1  2i 1  1  2i 2i ( 2i)
=  =  =  = i + i = 2i.
11 11 2 2 2 2
1i 1i
   | 2i |  2 .
1i 1i

Illustration 7: Find the locus of z if | z – 3 | = 3| z + 3|. (JEE MAIN)

Sol:
Methodology: Simply substituting z = x + iy and by using formula | z | = x2  y 2 we will get the
result.
Let z = x + iy
| x + iy – 3 | = 3 | x + iy + 3 | | (x – 3) + iy | = 3 | (x + 3) + iy |
2
(x  3)  y 2 2
= 3 (x  3)  y ; 2
(x  3) 2  y 2  9(x  3) 2  9y 2 .


Illustration 8: If  and  are different complex numbers with |  | = 1, then find .
1  
(JEE ADVANCED)
Sol:

Methodology: By using modulus and conjugate property, we can find out the value of .
1  
2
We have, |  | = 1  |  | = 1   = 1
   ||
Now,
1  
=
  
= 
 (   ) |  | |    |
=
1
||
= 1. as | x  iy |  | x  iy |

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Complex Number

x x
Illustration 9: Find the number of non-zero integral solution of the equation | 1  i |  2 .
(JEE ADVANCED)
Sol:
Methodology: As | z | = x2  y 2 , therefore by using this formula we can solve it.

x x
We have, | 1  i |  2
x x
2x
 
x x
  12  12   2 x  2  2x  22  2x 
x
1  22  1
 
22
x
x
 2 2  20 0   x 0.
2
∴ The number of non zero integral solutions is zero.
a  ib 2 2
Illustration 10: If = p + iq. Prove that a  b  p2  q .
c  id c2  d2
(JEE MAIN)
Sol:
a  ib
Methodology: Simply by obtaining modulus of both side of = p + iq .
c  id
a  ib
We have, = p + iq
c  id
a  ib a2  b2 a  ib a2  b2
 2  p  iq  p2  q2 ;  | p  iq |   p2  q2 .
c  id c  d2 c  id c2  d2

1/3 x y
Illustration 11: If (x  iy) = a + ib. Prove that   4(a2  b2 ) . (JEE ADVANCED)
a b
Sol:
Methodology: By using algebra of complex number.
1/3
We have, (x  iy) = a + ib
3 3 3 3 2 2
x + iy = (a  ib) = a  i b  3a ib  3a(ib) = a3  b3i  3a2bi  3ab2
3 2 2 3 2 2
x + iy = (a  3ab )  (3a b  b )i ; x = a3  3ab2 = a (a  3b ) ; y = 3a2b  b3
x y
  4(a2  b2 ) .
a b

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Complex Number

4. REPRESENTATION OF COMPLEX NUMBER

4.1 Graphical Representation
Every complex number x + iy can be represented in a plane
exactly as a point P (x, y). X-coordinate of point P represents
the real part of the complex number and y-coordinate
represents the imaginary part of the complex number.
Complex number x + 0i (real number) is represented by a point
(x, 0) lying on the x-axis. Therefore, x-axis is called the real axis.
Similarly, a complex number 0 + iy (imaginary number) is
represented by a point on y-axis. Therefore, y-axis is called the
imaginary axis.

The plane on which a complex number is represented is called

complex number plane or simply complex plane or Argand
plane (see Fig 5). The figure represented by the complex numbers as points in a plane is known as
Argand Diagram.

4.2 Algebraic Form

y
1
If z = x + iy; then |z|= x2  y 2 ; z  x  iy , and   tan  
x
Generally this form is useful in solving equations and in problems involving locus.

4.3 Polar Form

Figure 6 shows the components of a complex number along the x
and y-axes respectively. Then
z = x + iy = r (cos   isin ) = r cis  where | z | = r ; amp z =  .
Aliter: z = x+iy
 
x y
 z  x2  y 2  i 
 x2  y 2 x2  y 2 
 
 z | z | cos   isin 

Note: (a) (cis ) (cis )  cis(  )

(b) (cis ) (cis())  cis(   )
(c) 1
 (cis  ) 1  cis( )
(cis  )

PLANCESS CONCEPTS
Note: The unique value of  such that      for which x  rcos  &
y  r sin  is known as the principal value of the argument. r (cos  + i sin )
The general value of argument is (2n  ) , where n is an integer and 
is the principal value of arg (z). While reducing a complex number to
polar form, we always take the principal value.
r c i s 
The complex number z = r (cos   isin ) can also be written as r cis .
Nitish Jhawar
JEE 2009, AIR 7

(contd.)

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Complex Number

FORMULAE SHEET
(i) Complex number z  x  iy , where x, y  R and i  1 .
(ii) If z = x + iy then its conjugate z = x – iy.
(iii) Modulus of z, i.e. | z | = x2  y 2
y
tan1 x > 0, y > 0
x

y
  tan1 x < 0, y > 0
x
(iv) Argument of z, i.e. 𝜃 =
y
   tan1 x < 0, y < 0
x

y
 tan1 x > 0, y < 0
{ x

0, if x  0
(v) if y=0, then argument of z, i.e. 𝜃 = {
, if x  0

, if y  0
2
(vi) if x=0, then argument of z, i.e. 𝜃 =
3
, if y  0
{ 2
(vii) In polar form x  rcos and y  rsin , therefore z  r cos  i sin  
(viii) In exponential form complex number z  rei , where ei  cos  isin .
eix  e ix eix  e ix
(ix) cos x = and sin x =
2 2i
(x) Important properties of conjugate
(a) z  z = 2Re (z) and z  z = 2𝑖 Im(z)
(b) z  z  z is purely real
(c) z  z = 0  z is purely imaginary
2 2
(d) zz  [Re(z)]  [Im(z)]
(e) z1  z2  z1  z2

(f) z1  z2  z1  z2

(g) z1z2  z1 z2
z  z
(h)  1   1 if z2  0
 z2  z2
(xi) Important properties of modulus
If z is a complex number, then
(a) | z | = 0  z  0
(b) | z | = | z |  | z |  |  z |
(c)  | z |  Re(z)  | z |
(d)  | z |  Im(z)  | z |
(contd.)
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Complex Number

SOLVED EXAMPLES JEE MAIN

Example 1: f z1 and z2 are 1 – i, – 2 + 4i = 1  2   = 0.
z 3
z z  Example 4: Show that =2
respectively. Find Im  1 2  . z3
 z1 
represents a circle.
Sol:
Sol:
Methodology: Do it yourself.
Methodology: Consider z = x + iy and then by
taking modulus we will get the result.
z1 z 2 (1  i) ( 2  4i)
=
z1 1i Let z = x + iy

=
2  2i  4i  4
=
2  6i 1  i z 3 x  3  iy
  2  2
1i 1i 1i z3 x  3  iy
2  6i  2i  6 z z 
= = 4 + 2i  Im  1 2   2 .  | x  3  iy | 2  22 | x  3  iy | 2
2  z1 
or 
(x  3) 2  y 2  4 (x  3) 2  y 2 
Example 2: Find the square root of z = – 7 – 24i.
Sol:  3x2  3y2  30x  27  0
which represents a circle.
Methodology: Consider z0  x  iy be a square
2
root then z0  7  24i . Example 5: If | z1 |  | z 2 |  .  | z n |  1 prove
1 1 1
that | z1  z2  .  zn |    . 
2
– 7 – 24i = x  y  2ixy
2 z1 z2 zn
Equating real and imaginary parts we get Sol:
2 2 Methodology: Do it yourself.
x  y  7 … (i) and 2xy = – 24 … (ii)
| zj |  1  z j z j  1  j  1, , n
(x2  y 2 ) 2 = (x2  y 2 )2  4x2y 2
2 2 ( zz  | z2 |)
= ( 7)  ( 24) = 625
L.H.S.
2 2
 x  y  25 … (iii) 1 1 1
| z1  z2  .  zn |    .  =
Solving (i) and (iii), we get, z1 z2 zn
(x, y) = (3, – 4);(– 3, 4) by (ii)
1 1 1 1
 z0  (3  4i) .  
z1 z2 z3
 . 
zn

Example 3: If n is a positive integer and  be an 1 1 1 1

=    .  = R.H.S.
imaginary cube root of unity, prove that z1 z2 z3 zn
3, when n is a mulitpleof 3
1 + n  2n 
0, when n is not a mulitpleof 3 Example 6: If | z1  z2 |  | z1  z2 | ,
Sol: Case I n = 3m; m  I 
prove that argz1  argz2 = odd multiple of .
1    n 2n
 1  3m
 6m 2
3 Sol:
= 1 + 1 + 1 [   1] = 3
Case II n = 3m + 1 or 3m + 2; m  I Methodology: As we know | z |  z.z . Apply this
(a) Let n = 3m + 1 
formula and consider z  r cos  i sin . 
3m1 6m2
 L.H.S  1   
| z1  z2 | 2  | z1  z2 | 2
= 1 +   = 0 2

(b) Let n = 3m + 2  (z1  z2 ) (z1  z2 )  (z1  z2 ) (z1  z2 ) or

1  3m2  6m4 = 1  2  4 (contd.)

6. 37
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Complex Number

SOLVED EXAMPLES JEE ADVANCED

Example 1: For constant c  1, find all complex  13 13 
z3  2  cos  isin
numbers z satisfying the equation
 12 12 
z + c | z + 1| + i = 0
Sol:   
 2  cos  isin 
Methodology: Solve this by putting z = x + iy.  12 12 
Let z = x + iy.  17 17 
z4  2  cos  isin
The equation z + c |z + 1| + i = 0 becomes
 12 12 
x + iy + c (x  1)2  y 2  i  0
 5 5 
2 2  2  cos  isin 
or x + c (x  1)  y  i(y  1)  0  12 12 
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get  21 21 
y+1=0 y=–1 … (i) z5  2  cos  isin
 12 12 
and x + c (x  1)2  y 2  0 : x < 0 ...(ii)
 9 9 
Solving (i) and (ii), we get  2  cos  isin 
 12 12 
x+c (x  1)2  1  0 or x2 = c2[(x + 1)2 + 1]
or (c2 – 1) x2 + 2c2x + 2c2 = 0 Example 3: Locate the region in the Argand
If c =1, then x = – 1. Let c > 1 ; then, plane for the complex number z satisfying
 
2c2  4c4  8c2 (c2  1) c2  c 2  c2 (a) |z – 4| < |z – 2| (b)  arg z 
x = 6 4
2(c2  1) c2  1 Sol:
As x is real and c > 1, we have: 1 < c  2 Methodology: Consider z = x + iy and solve by
(Thus, for c > 2 , there is no solution). using properties of modulus and argument.
Since both values of x satisfy (ii), both values (a) Let z = x + iy
are admissible. |x + iy – 4| < |x + iy – 2|
(x – 4)2 + y2 < (x – 2)2 + y2 or – 4x + 12 < 0
Example 2: Find the sixth roots of z = 64i. y
Sol:
 
Methodology: Here i = cos  isin and sixth
2 2 x’ x
1/6
root of z i.e. zr = z . O
  
z  64  cos  isin   zr = z1/6
 2 2
y’ x=3
  
 2r  2r   Figure 47
 2 cos 2  isin 2 Re(z) > 3 (see the Fig. 47 above)

 6 6  (b) Let z = x + iy, then, x > 0 and y > 0
 
y  y 
Where r = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 arg z = tan1 tan   tan
x 6 x 4
The roots z0, z1, z2, z3, z4, z5 are given by
  
z0  2  cos  isin 
 12 12 
 5 5 
z1  2  cos  isin 
 12 12 
 9 9 
z2  2  cos  isin 
 12 12 
Figure 48

(contd.)

6. 40
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Complex Number

EXERCISE 1 JEE MAIN/BOARDS

Q.1 Find all non-zero complex numbers z 1
a

satisfying z  iz2 . number z such that | z |

3
and  ar Zr =1
r 1
2 where |ar| < 2.
Q.2 Express 1  2i  3i in the form A + iB.
2
1  2i  3i
Q.16 Let a complex number ,   11, be a
Q.3 Find x and y if (x + iy) (2 – 3i) =(4 + i) root of the equation zp + q – zp – zq + 1 = 0
where p, q are distinct primes. Show that
(1  i)x  2i (2  3i)y  i either 1 +  + 2 + ……. + p–1 = 0 or
Q.4 Find x and y if  i
3i 3i 1 +  + 2 + ……. + q–1 = 0, but not both
Q.5 If x = a + b, y = a + b and z = a +b, together.
where  and  are complex cube roots of Q.17 Show that the area of the triangle on the
unity, show that xyz = a3 + b3. Argand diagram formed by the complex
1
Q.6 Put 1  7i in the polar form. numbers: z, iz and z + iz is: | z |2 .
(2  i)2 2

Q.7 find the square root of – 8 – 6i. Q.18 If iz3 + z2 – z + i = 0 then show that
|z| =1.
Q.8 find the value of smallest positive Q.19 Find the value of the expression
n
1i 1(2 – ) (2 – 2) + 2(3 – ) (3 – 2) + ….
integer n, for which   1.
1i + (n – 1) (n – ) (n – 2) where  is an
imaginary cube root of unity.
Q.9 Show that the complex number
1
z = x + iy which satisfies the equation Q.20 If x =
2  
5  3i , then find the value of
z  5i
 1 lies on the x-axis. x4 – x3 – 12x2 + 23x + 12.
z  5i
Q.21 Let the complex numbers z1, z2 and z3
3 be the vertices of an equilateral triangle. Let
Q.10 If z = 1 + i tan , where  <  < .
2 z0 be the circumcentre of the triangle. Then
find the value of |z| cos . prove that: z12 + z22 + z32 = 3z02.
Q.11 If 1, , 2 be the cube roots of unity, Q.22 If z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of an isosceles
find the roots of the equation triangle, right angled at z2, prove that
(x – 1)3 + 8 = 0. z12 + 2z22 + z32 = 2z2 (z1 + z3).
Q.12 If |z| < 4, prove that |i z + 3 – 4i| < 9. Q.23 Show that the equation
A2 B2 C2 H2
Q.13 2 + i 3 is a vertex of square inscribed in    ...... x ,
x a x b x c x h
circle |z – 1| = 2 . Find other vertices.
Where A, B, C, …., a, b, c, …. and  are real,
Q.14 Find the centre and radius of the circle cannot have imaginary roots.
formed by the points represented by z = x +iy
|z| Q.24 Find the common roots of the equation
satisfying the relation = k(k  1) where
| z | z3 + 2z2 + 2z + 1 = 0 and z1985 + z100 + 1 = 0.
𝛼 & 𝛽 are constant complex number’s given Q.25 If n is an odd integer greater than 3 but
by   1  i2 &   1  i2 not a multiple of 3, prove that
[(x + y)n – xn – yn] is divisible by
Q.15 Prove that there exist no complex xy (x + y) (x2 + xy + y2).

(contd.)

6. 45
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Complex Number

EXERCISE 2 JEE MAIN

Q.1 |z + 4|  3, Z  C: then the greatest and 1
least value of |z + 1| are: condition |z|  3, then the least value of z 
z
(A) (7, 1) (B) (6, 1)
is
(C) (6, 0) (D) None
5 8 11
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
Q.2 The maximum & minimum values of 3 3 3
|z +1| when |z + 3|  3 are
(A) (5, 0) (B) (6, 0) Q.8 Point z1 & z2 are adjacent vertices of a
(C) (7, 1) (D) (5, 1) regular octagon. The vertex z3 adjacent to
z2(z3  z1) can be represented by:
Q.3 The points z1 = 3 + 3 i and z2 = 2 3  6i (A) z2  1 (1  i)(z1  z2 )
2
are given on a complex plane. The complex
1
number lying on the bisector of the angle (B) z2  (1  i)(z1  z2 )
2
formed by the vectors z1 and z2 is:
1
(3  2 3) 3 2 (C) z2  (1  i)(z2  z1 )
(A) z   i (B) z = 5 + 5i 2
2 2
(C) z = – 1 – I (D) None (D) None of these

Q.4 If z1, z2, z3, z4 are the vertices of a square Q.9 If q1, q2, q3 are the roots of the equation,
in that order, then which of the following do x3 + 64 = 0, then the value of the determinant
(es) not hold good? q1 q2 q3
z1  z2 q2 q3 q1 is:
(A) is purely imaginary q3 q1 q2
z3  z 2
(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 10 (D) none of these
z1  z3
(B) is purely imaginary
z2  z 4 Q.10 z = (3 + 7i) (p + iq) where p, q  1 – {0}
purely imaginary then minimum value of |z|2 is
z1  z2
(C) is purely imaginary 3364
z3  z 4 (A) 0 (B) 58 (C) (D) 3364
3
(D) None of these
Q.11 On the complex plane triangles OAP &
Q.5 Let z1, z2 and z3 be the complex numbers OQR are similar and  (OA) = 1. If the points P
representing the vertices of a triangle ABC
and Q denotes the complex numbers z1 & z2
respectively and a, b, c are lengths of BC, CA,
then the complex number ‘z’ denoted by the
AB. If P is a point representing the complex
point R is given by:
number z0 satisfying:
z1 z2 z1  z2
a(z1 – z0) + b(z2 – z0) + c(z3 – z0) = 0, then w.r.t. (A) z1z2 (B) (C) (D)
the triangle ABC, the point P is its: z2 z1 z2
(A) Centroid (B) Orthocentre
Q.12 If A and B be two complex numbers
(C) Circumcentre (D) Incentre
A B
satisfying   1 . Then the two points
Q.6 Three complex numbers ,  &  are B A
represented in the Argand diagram by the represented by A and B and the origin form
three points A, B, C respectively. The complex the vertices of
number represented by D where A, B, C, D (A) An equilateral triangle
form a parallelogram with BD on a diagonal is: (B) An isosceles triangle which is not
(A)  –  +  (B) –  +  +  equilateral
(C)  +  –  (D)  –  –  (C) An isosceles triangle which is not right
angled
Q.7 If the complex number z satisfies the (D) A right angled triangle
(contd.)

6. 47
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Complex Number

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE MAIN

Q.1 The smallest positive integer n for which Q.9 If  is an imaginary cube root of unity,
1i
n then (1 +  – 2)7 is equal to (1998)
 1  i   1 , is (1980) (A) 128  (B) – 128 
 
(C) 128 2 (D) – 128 2
(A) 8 (B) 16 (C) 12 (D) None of these
13
Q.2 The complex numbers z = x + iy which Q.10 The value of sum  in  in1  where
z  5i n1 n
satisfy the equation  1 lie on (1981) (1998)
z  5i i 1 equals
(A) i (B) i – 1 (C) – i (D) 0
(A) the x-axis
(B) the straight line y = 5 6i 3i 1
(C) a circle passing through the origin Q.11 If 4 3i 1  x  iy , then (1998)
(D) none of the above
20 3 i
Q.3 If z = x + iy and w = (1 – iz) / (z – i), then (A) x = 3, y = 1 (B) x = 1, y = 1
|w| = 1 implies that, in the complex plane (C) x = 0, y = 3 (D) x = 0, y = 0
(1983)
(A) z lies on the imaginary axis Q.12 If z1, z2 and z3 are complex numbers such
(B) z lies on the real axis 1 1 1
that | z1 || z2 || z3 | =   1,
(C) z lies on the unit circle z1 z2 z3
(D) None of the above then |z1 + z2 + z3| is (2000)
Q.4 The points z1, z2, z3, z4 in the complex (A) equal to 1 (B) less than 1
plane are the vertices of a parallelogram taken (C) greater than 3 (D) equal to 3
in order, if and only if (1983) 1 3
(A) z1 + z4 = z2 + z3 (B) z1 + z3 = z2 + z4 Q.13 Let     i , then value of the
2 2
(C) z1 + z2 = z3 + z4 (D) None of these
1 1 1
Q.5 If z1 and z2 are two non-zero complex 2 2
determinant 1 1    is (2002)
numbers such that |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|, then 2
1  
arg (z1) – arg (z2) is equal to (1987)
  (A) 3 (B) 3 ( – 1)
(A) –  (B) – (C) 0 (D) (C)3 2 (D) 3 (1 – )
2 2

Q.6 The complex numbers sin x + i cos 2x and Q.14 If  (1) be a cube root of unity and
cos x – i sin 2x are conjugate to each other, for (1 + 2)n = (1 + 4)n, then the least positive
(1988) value of n is (2004)
(A) x = n (B) x = 0 (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6
 1 Q.15 A man walks a distance of 3 units from
(C) x   n    (D) no value of x
 2 the origin towards the North-West (N 45° E)
Q.7 If  ( 1) is a cube root of unity and (1 +)7 direction. From there, he walks a distance of 4
units towards the North-West (N 45° W)
= A + B, then A and B are respectively (1995)
direction to reach a point P. Then, the position
(A) 0, 1 (B) 1, 1 (C) 1, 0 (D) – 1, 1
of P in the Argand plane is (2007)
Q.8 Let z and w be two non-zero complex i /4
(A) 3ei /4  4i (B) (3  4i)e
numbers such that |z| = |w| and arg (z) + arg(w)
i /4 i /4
= , then z equal (1995) (C) (4  3i)e (D) (3  4i)e
(A) w (B) – w (C) w (D)  w

(contd.)

6. 50
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Complex Number

EXERCISE 1 JEE ADVANCED

Q.1 Prove that with regard to the quadratic 1 z z
equation z2 + (p + ip) z + q + iq = 0 | z1  z2 | 
2
| z1 |  | z2 | 1  2 .
| z1 | | z2 |
where p, p, q, qare all real.
(i) if the equation has one real root then q2 – Q.10 Let z1 (i = 1, 2, 3, 4) represent the vertices
pp q + qp2 = 0 of a square all of which lie on the sides of the
(ii) if the equation has two equal roots then p2 triangle with vertices (0, 0), (2, 1) and (3, 0). If
– q2 = 4q & pp= 2q. z1 and z2 are purely real, then area of triangle
state whether these equal roots are real or formed by z3, z4 and origin is m (where m and
complex. n are in their lowest form). Find the value of
(m + n).
Q.2 Let Z = 18 + 26i where
Z0 = x0 + iy0 (x0, y0 R) is the cube roots of Z Q.11 (i) Let Cr’s denotes the combinatorial
having least positive argument. Find the coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n,
value of x0 y 0 (x0  y 0 ) . n  N. If the integers
an = C0 + C3 + C6 + C9 + ……
Q.3 Show that the locus formed by z in the bn = C1 + C4 + C7 + C10 + ……
equation z3 + iz =1 never crosses the and cn = C2 + C3 + C8 + C11+…..
coordinate axes in the Argand’s plane. then prove that
 Im(z) (a) an3 + bn3 + cn3 – 3anbncn = 2n.
Further show that | z | (b) (an – bn)2 + (bn – cn)2 +(cn – an)2=2
2Re(z)Im(z)  1
(ii) prove the identity:
Q.4 Consider the diagonal matrix (C0 – C2 + C4 – C6 + ……… )2
An = dia (d1, d2, d3, …. dn) of order where + (C1 – C3 + C5 – C7 + ….. )2 = 2n.
i2
d1 =ai–1, 1  i  n and   e n ; i  1 , is the Q.12 Let z1, z2, z3, z4 be the vertices A, B, C, D
nth root of unity. respectively of a square on the Argand
Let L: represent the value of Tr. (A7)7. diagram taken in anticlockwise direction then
M: denotes the value of det (A2n+1) + det (A2n). prove that:
Find the value of (L + M). (i) 2z2 = (1 + i) z1 + (1 – i) z3 &
[Note: Tr(A) denotes trace of square matrix A] (ii) 2z4 = (1 – i) z1 + (1 + i) z3

Q.5 Let z1, z2  C such that z12 + z22  R. If Q.13 A function f is defined on the complex
z1 (z12 – 3z22) = 10 and z2(3z12 – z22)=30. number by f(z) = (a + bi)z, where ‘a’ and ‘b’
Find the value of (z12 + z22). are positive numbers. This function has the
property that the image of each point in the
Q.6 If the equation (z + 1)7 + z7 = 0 has roots complex plane is equidistant from that point
z1, z2, …… z7, find the value of and the origin. Given that |a + bi| = 8 and that
7 7
u
(a) Re(Zr ) and  Im(Zr ) b2  where u and v are co-primes. Find the
v
r 1 r 1
value of (u + v).
Q.7 If x is one of the imaginary 7th roots of
unity, then find the equation whose roots are Q.14 Prove that
(z + z4 + z2) and (z6 + z3 + z5). (a) cos x+ nC1 cos 2x + nC2 cos 3x + ….. + nCn
x n2
Q.8 If the expression z3 – 32 can be factorised cos (n + 1) x = 2n. cosn .cos  x
into linear and quadratic factors over real
2  2 
coefficients as(z5 – 32) = (z – 2) (z2 – pz + 4) (b) sin x + nC1 sin 2x + nC2 sin 3x + …….. + nCn
(z2 – z–2 + 4) then find the value of (p2 + 2p). x n2
sin(n + 1) x = 2n. cosn .sin   x.
Q.9 Let z1 & z2 be any two arbitrary complex
2  2 
numbers then prove that: (contd.)

6. 51
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Complex Number

EXERCISE 2 JEE ADVANCED

Q.1 The set of points on the complex plane (C) A rhombus but not a square
such that z2 + z + 1 is real and positive. (D) A square
(where z = x + iy, x, y  R) is:
Q.6 If z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of the ABC on
(A) Complete real axis only
the complex plane & are also the roots of the
(B) Complete real axis or all points on the line
equation z3 – 3z2 + 3z + x = 0, then the
2x + 1 = 0
condition for the ABC to be equilateral
(C) Complete real axis or a line segment
triangle is:
 1 3  1 3
joining points   , &   ,   (A) 2 =  (B)  = 2
 2 2   2 2 
   (C) 2 = 2 (D)  = 32
excluding both.
Q.7 Let A, B, C represent the complex
(D) Complete real axis or set of points lying
numbers z1, z2, z3 respectively on the complex
inside the rectangle formed by the lines.
plane. If the circumcentre of the triangle. ABC
2x + 1 = 0; 2x – 1 = 0; 2y – 3 = 0
lies at the origin then the orthocenter is
& 2y + 3 = 0
represented by the complex number:
Q.2 The complex numbers whose real and (A) z1 + z2 – z3 (B) z2 + z3 – z1
imaginary parts are integers and satisfy the (C) z3 + z1 – z2 (D) z1 + z2 + z3
3 3
relation zz  z z  350 form a rectangle on Q.8 Which of the following represents a point
the Argand plane, the length of whose in an argand’s plane, equidistant from the
diagonal is- roots of equation (z + 1) 4 = 16z4?
(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 25  1 
(A) (0, 0) (B)   ,0 
Q.3 Let z1 & z2 be non-zero complex numbers  3 
satisfying the equation, Z12 – 2z1z2 + 2z22 = 0. 1   2 
The geometrical nature of the triangle whose (C)  ,0  (D)  0, 
3   5
vertices are the origin and the points
representing z1 & z2. Q.9 The equation of the radical axis of the two
(A) An isosceles right angled triangle circles presented by the equations.
(B) A right angled triangle which is not |z – 2| =3 and |z – 2 – 3i| = 4 on the complex
isosceles plane is:
(C) An equilateral triangle (A) 3y + 1 = 0 (B) 3y – 1 = 0
(D) An isosceles triangle which is not right (C) 2y – 1 = 0 (D) None
angled
Q.10 Number of real solution of the
Q.4 The set of points on the Argand diagram equation,Z3 + iz – 1 = 0 is
 (A) zero (B) one
which satisfy both | z |  4 & Argz  is:
3 (C) two (D) three
(A) A circle & line (B) A radius of a circle
(C) A sector of a circle(D) An infinite part line Q.11 A point ‘z’ moves on the curve
|z – 4 – 3i| = 2 in an argand plane. The
Q.5 If z1 & z2 are two complex numbers & if maximum and minimum values of |z| are:
z1  z2  (A) 2, 1 (B) 6, 5
arg  but |z1 + z2|  |z1 – z2| then (C) 4, 3 (D) 7, 3
z1  z2 2
the figure formed by the points represented Q.12 Let z = 1 – sin  + i cos a where
by 0, z1, z2 & z1 + z2 is:  
(A) A parallelogram but not a square rectangle   0,  , then the modulus and the
 2
or a rhombus
principle value of the argument of z are
(B) A rectangle but not a square
respectively:
(contd.)

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Complex Number

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE ADVANCED

Q.1 If z is any complex number satisfying Q.8 If a, b, c and u, v, w are the complex
|z – 3 – 2i|  2, then the maximum value of numbers representing the vertices of two
|2z – 6 + 5i| is …… (2011) triangles such that c= (1–r) a+rb and
i
w = (1 – r) u + rv, where r is a complex number,
Q.2 Let   e 3 and a, b, c, x, y, z be non-zero then the two triangles (1985)
complex number such that (A) Have the same area
a + b + c = x, a + b + c2 = y, (B) Are similar
a + b2 + c = z. Then, the value of (C) Are congruent
| x |2  | y |2  | z |2 (D) None of these
is …… (2011)
| a |2  | b |2  | c |2 6
 2k 2k 
Q.9 The value of   sin 7
 icos
7 
is
Passage (for Q.3,4,5) k 1 

Read the following passage and answer the (1987)

questions. (A) – 1 (B) 0
Let A, B, C be three sets of complex number as (C) – i (D) i
defined below
Q.10 Let z and w be two complex numbers
A = {z: |Im z  |}
such that |z|  1, |w|  1 and |z + iw|
B = {z: |z – 2 – i| = 3}
= |z – iw | = 2, then z equals (1995)
C = {z: Re ((1 – i)z) + 2 ) (2008)
(A) 1 or i (B) i or – i
Q.3 The number of elements in the set (C) 1 or – 1 (D) i or –1
A  B  C is
Q.11 For positive integers n1, n2 the value of
(A) 0 (B) 1
expression
(C) 2 (D) 
n n n n
(1  i) 1  (1  i3 ) 1  (1  i5 ) 2  (1  i7 ) 2 ,Here
Q.4 Let z be any point in A  B  C . The
i  1 is a real number, if and only if (1996)
|z + 1– i|2 + | z – 5 – i|2 lies between
(A) n1 = n2 + 1 (B) n1 = n2 – 1
(A) 25 and 29 (B) 30 and 34
(C) n1 = n2 (D) n1 > 0, n2 > 0
(C) 35 and 39 (D) 40 and 44
Q.12 If i  1 , then
Q.5 Let z be any point in A  B  C and let w
334 365
any point satisfying |w – 2 – i|< 3. Then  1 i 3  1 i 3
4  5     3   
|z| – |w| + 3 lies between  2 2   2 2 
   
(A) – 6 and 3 (B) – 3 and 6
(C) – 6 and 6 (D) – 3 and 9
is equal to (1999)
(A) l – i 3
5 5 (B) – 1 + i 3
 3 i  3 i
Q.6 If z        (C) i 3
 2 2   2 2  , then
   
(D)  i 3
(A) Re (z) = 0
(B) Im (z) = 0 Q.13 If arg (z) < 0, then arg (– z) – arg (z) equal
(C) Re (z) > 0, Im (z) > 0 (2000)
(D) Re (z) > 0, Im (z) < 0 (1982) (A)  (B) – 
 
Q.7 The inequality |z – 4| < |z – 2| represents (C)  (D)
2 2
the region given by (1982)
(A) Re (z)  0 (B) Re (z) < 0
(C) Re (z) > 0 (D) None of these Q.14 If z1 = a + ib and z2 = c + id are complex
numbers such that |z1| = |z2| =1 and
(contd.)
6. 57
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Complex Number

PLANCESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

EXERCISE 1 JEE MAIN/BOARDS

Q.6 Q.9 Q.15 Q.18 Q.22 Q.24
Q.28 Q.31 Q.34

EXERCISE 2 JEE MAIN

Q.2 Q.8 Q.10 Q.13 Q.16 Q.18
Q.23 Q. 26 Q. 29 Q. 31

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE MAIN

Q.2 Q.4 Q.7 Q.10 Q. 13 Q.15

EXERCISE 1 JEE ADVANCED

Q.7 Q.11 Q.13 Q.16 Q.18 Q.25
Q.29 Q.30

EXERCISE 2 JEE ADVANCED

Q.2 Q.6 Q.9 Q.15 Q.19 Q.22
Q. 25 Q.27

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE ADVANCED

Q.2 Q.4 Q. 8 Q.11 Q.14 Q.15

(contd.)

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Complex Number

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE 1 JEE MAIN/BOARDS
3 i 5 14
Q.1 z = 0, i, ± – Q.2 – i Q.3 x  ,y  Q.4 X = 3, y – 1
2 2 13 13
 3 3 
Q.6 2  cos  isin  Q.7 ± (1 – 3i) Q.8 n = 4 Q.10 – 1
 4 4
Q.11 – 1, 1 – 2, 1 – 22 Q.13 z1  (1  3)  i ; z2  i 3 ; z3  (1  3)  i
2   (k  ) 2
Q.14 Centre   k  , radius 2
Q.19 n(n  1)(n  3n  4) Q.20 5
1  k2 1k 4
Q.24 , 2 Q.31 3  | z |  7 Q.33 Interior of circle x2 + y2 = 25
EXERCISE 2 JEE MAIN
Q.1 C Q.2 A Q.3 B Q.4 C Q.5 D Q.6 A
Q.7 B Q.8 C Q.9 D Q.10 D Q.11 A Q.12 A
Q.13 D Q.14 D Q.15 B Q.16 C Q.17 D Q.18 C
Q.19 A Q.20 C Q.21 A,B,C Q.22 B,D Q.23 A,B,D Q.24 A,B
Q.25 B,C Q.26 A,D Q.27 A,B,D Q.28 A,B,C Q.29 A,C Q.30 A,B
Q.31 A,B,C,D
PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE MAIN
Q.1 D Q.2 A Q.3 B Q.4 B Q.5 C Q.6 D
Q.7 B Q.8 D Q.9 D Q.10 B Q.11 D Q.12 A
Q.13 B Q.14 B Q.15 D
EXERCISE 1 JEE ADVANCED
7
Q.2 12 Q.4 7 Q.5 10 Q.6 (a)  , (b)zero Q.7 x2 + x + 2 = 0
2
Q.8 4 Q.10 41 Q.13 259 Q.15 26 Q.16 163
2 2
Q.17 (3 + 7i) Q.18 48 (I – i) Q.19 –  or – Q.20 k    
Q.21 If (z)| is maximum when z = , when  is the cube root unity v and If (z)| = 13
Q.22 144 Q.23 8 Q.24 198 Q.25 51
2 2
Q.26 (z + 1) (z – 2z cos 36° + 1) (z – 2z cos 108° + 1)
2
 n(n  1)  iz 1
Q.27 (b)   n Q.28   i
 2  2 2
1
Q.29 (a)  – 2; (b) (c) 14 Q.30 (A)S (B) Q (C) P
2
EXERCISE 2 JEE ADVANCED
Q.1 C Q.2 B Q.3 A Q.4 B Q.5C Q.6 A
Q.7 D Q.8 C Q.9 B Q.10 A Q.11 D Q.12 A
Q.13 D Q.14 A Q.15 B Q.16 B Q.17 B Q.18 C
Q.19 A Q.20 B Q.21 A Q.22 BC Q.23 AD Q.24 ABCD
Q.25 AD Q.26 AD Q.27 ABC Q.28 ABCD
PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE ADVANCED
Q.1 5 Q.2 3 Q.3 B Q.4 C Q.5 D Q.6 B
Q.7 D Q.8 B Q.9 D Q.10 C Q.11 D Q.12 C
Q.13 A Q.14 ABC Q.15 ACD

(contd.)

6. 60
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Complex Number

SOLUTIONS
+ 2a2b + 2ab2 + ab2 + b3
EXERCISE – 1 JEE MAIN = (a + b3 + a2b + ab2) + 2(a2b + b2a)
3

+ 2 (a2b + b2a)
n
Sol.1 Z = i(Z2)  Let x = a + ib from eq . (1)
 a – ib = i(a2 – b2 + 2abi) = a3 + b3 +a2b+ab2+ (a2b + b2a) (2 + 2)
 a = –2ab and –b = a2 – b2 = a3 + b3 + a2b + ab2 + (a2b + b2a) (–1)
a(1 + 2b) = 0 and a2 = b2 – b = a3 + b3 + a2b + ab2 – a2b – ab2
1 = a3 + b3 hence proved
a = 0 or b = –
2
1  7i (2  i)2 (1  7i)(2  i)2
if a = 0  b = 0, 1 Sol.6  
(2  i)2 (2  i)2 25
1
if b = – , a = ± 3 (1  7i)(3  4i) –25  25i
2 2 = 
25 25
complex numbers are z = 0, i,  3  i Z = –1 + i
2 2
Z() = |Z|ei
1  3i2  2i 2  2i 1  i |Z| = 1  1  2
Sol.2  
1  3i2 – 2i 2  2i 1  i 1
tan =  –1
1  i  = 1  i2  2i = i –1
=  1  i 
 
 1  i  1  i  1  i2 3
  = tan–1(–1) =
4
3
Sol.3 (x + iy)(2–3i) = 4 + i Z() = 2e
i
4 =   3   3 
2 cos   i sin 
(2x + 3y) + i(2y– 3x) = 4 + i   4   4 
2x + 3y = 4 and 2y – 3x = 1 Sol.7 – 8 – 6i  a  ib
5 14 –8 – 6i = a2 – b2 + i(2ab)
x = and y =
13 13 a2 – b2 = –8 …… (1)
(1  i)x – 2i (2 – 3i)y  i 2ab = – 6
Sol.4  i
3i 3–i ab = – 3 …… (2)
[x  i(x – 2)][3 – i]  [3  i][2y  i(1 – 3y)] Solving (1) & (2)
= We geta = –1 & b = +3
10
[3x  x – 2  i(3x – 6 – x)]  [6y  3y – 1  i(2y  3 – 9y)] a = 1 & b = –3
= so square root
10
x – 2  i(2x – 6)  (9y – 1)  i(–7y  3) = (–1 + 3i) and (1 – 3i)
=
10 n
1 i
4x  9y – 3  i(2x – 7y – 3) Sol.8   1
= i 1i
10
2x – 7y – 3 = 10 and 4x + 9y – 3 = 0 (1  i)2n
1
x = 3 and y = –1 [(1  i)(1  i)]n
n
Sol.5 x = a + b (1  i)2 
2n   1 n
y = a + b (1  i)
1 n
 [2i]  1
z = a + b 2n 2 2n
n
 and  are complex cube roots of unity i = 1  n = 4, 8, 12
  = 1, 2 = , 2 =  Minimum value of n is 4
(as  = ,  = 2, 2 = ) ….. (1)
Z  5i
xyz = (a + b)(a + b) (a + b) Sol.9 1
Z  5i
= (a2 + ab + ab + b2) (a + b)
= a3 + a2b + a2b2 + ab22 Z = x + iy

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Complex Number

Hence the four vertices are

|x + i(y – 5)| = |x + i(y+5)| 2  i 3 , 1  3  i ,  3i and 1  3  i
x2 + (y – 5)2 = x2 + (y + 5)2
y = 0
Z
i.e. complex part of Z is zero. Sol.14 K
Z is pure real i.e. it lies on x axis. Z 
|Z – |2 = K2|Z – |
Sol.10 Z = 1 + itan
 = 1 + i2,  = 1 + i2
|Z| = 1  tan2   sec2   sec   (x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = K2[(x – B1)2 + (y – B2)2]
  3   x2 + 12 + y2 + 22 – 2x1 – 2y2
For    ,  = K2x2 + K2y2 + K212 + K222 – 2x1K2 – 2y2K2
2 2 
 x2(K2–1) + y2(K2–1)+x(21 – 21K2)
sec < 0  |sec| = –sec
+y(22–22K2)+K212+K222–12–22=0
|Z| = –sec
 2  2 K 2   2  2 K 2 
|Z|cos = –1  x2 + y2 + x  1 1
 +y  2 2

 K 2  1   K 2  1 
Sol.11 (x – 1)3 = –8
 K 22  K 22  2  2 
x – 1 = (–8)1/3 +  1 2 1 2
 =0
x – 1 = (81/3)(–1)1/3  1 – x = (8)1/3(1)1/3  K2  1 
(–x + 1) = 2, 2, 22 Eqn. of circle
x = –1, 1 – 2, 1 – 22   K2    K2   
with centre as  1 1
, 2 2

Sol.12 |Z| < 4 2
 K  1 2
K  1 
|3 + i(Z – 4)| < 9(To prove)
   K 2 
We know that |Z1 + Z2|  |Z1| + |Z2| or  
2
|iZ + (3 – 4i)|  |Z| + |3 – i4|  1  K 
|Z| < 4 (1  1  K)2  (2  2 )2
|iZ + (3 – 4i)| < 4 + 5 and radius =
|iZ + (3 – 4i)| < 9 Hence proved 1  K2
   K
Sol.13 2 + i 3 is vertex of square inscribed in =
|Z – 1| = 4 1  K2
n
(0,1) 1
\
Sol.15 |Z| <
3
and  ar Zr  1 …… (1)
r 1
 |a1Z1 + a2Z2 + a3Z3 …… anZn| = 1
O 2 |Z1 + Z2 + Z3+ …..Zn|  |Z1| + |Z2| + …..|Zn|
(1,0)
\  1  |a1Z| + |a2Z2| + |a3Z3| …..|anZn|
\
 |a1||Z| + |a2||Z|2 + |a3||Z|3 …..|an||Z|n  1
1
 |Z| + |Z|2 …….|Z|n 
2
Here one vertex is A (2, 3) and equation of  (Limiting case n )
2 2
circle is (x 1)  y  4 3|Z| 1
|Z| hence |Z| cannot be less than so |Z| <
Radius of the circle is 2. Hence side of the
& condition (1) both simultaneously cannot
square will be 2 2 .
be satisfied.
Points that lie on the circle and are at a distance
Sol.17 Z, iZ, Z + iZ
2 2 from A are B (1  3,1) and (x, y) (–y, x) (x – y, y + x)
D (1  3, 1) . x y 1
1
The point C will be the other end of diameter = y x 1 = |–x2 – y2|
2
xy xy 1
of A. Hence C (0,  3) .

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Complex Number

 || = (x2 + y2) = Z2  Z1 Z3  Z1


3 2
Sol.18 iZ + i + Z – Z = 0 Z3  Z 2 Z1  Z2
iZ(Z2 + i) + i(Z2 + i) = 0 2 2 2
 Z1  Z2  Z3 = Z1Z2 + Z2Z3 + Z3Z1
(iZ + 1) (Z2 + i) = 0
2
Either Z = or Z =  Z1  Z 2  Z3  2
   Z 0
ifZ = i|Z| = 1  3 
ifZ = |Z| = 1 Z12  Z22  Z32  2(Z12  Z22  Z32 )
  Z20
Hence |Z| = 1 9
Sol.19 1(2 – w) (2 – w2) + 2(3 – w) (3 – w2) + …… 2 2 2 2
 Z1  Z2  Z3 = 3 Z 0
(n – 1) (n – w) (n – w2)
Tn = n(n + 1 – w) (n + 1 – w2) Sol.22 Z1 Z2 Z3 of an isosceles L at Z2
= (n2 + n – nw) (n + 1 – w2) Z1
= n3 + n2 – n2w2 + n3 + n – nw2 – n2w –
nw + nw3
= n3 + n2(2 – w2 – w) + n(1 – w – w2 + 1)
= n3+ 3n2 + 3n
Sn = Tn = (n3 + 3n2 + 3n)
= n3 + 3n2 + 3n
2 Z2 Z3
 n(n  1)  3n(n  1)(2n  1) 3n(n  1)
=     Considering Z2 at origin
 2  6 2
Z1– Z2
n(n  1)  n(n  1) 
=   (2n  1)  3
2  2 
n(n  1) 2
= [n  n  6  4n  2]
4
n(n  1) 2
Sn = Tn = [n  5n  8]
4
(n  1)n 2 O Z3– Z2
Sn–1 = [n  1  2n  5n  5  8] i/2
4 (Z1 – Z2) = (Z3 – Z2)e
(n  1)n 2 Z1 – Z2 = (Z3 – Z2)i
= [n  3n  4]
4 (Z1 – Z2)2 = –(Z3 – Z1)2
 Z12 + Z32 + 2Z22 = 2Z1Z3 + 2Z1Z2
1 1
Sol.20 x = (5  i 3)  (6  1  i 3)  3  w  Z12 + 2Z22 + Z32 = 2Z2(Z1 + Z3)
2 2
4 3 2
x – x – 12x + 23x + 12 A2 B2 H2
Sol.23  .......... x
= x3(x – 3) + 2x2(x – 3) – 6x(x – 3) x a x b x H
+ 5(x – 3) + 27 Let x = p + iq
= (x – 3)[x3 + 2x2 – 6x + 5] + 27 A2 A2 (p a)  iq
= (x – 3)[(x – 3)(x2 + 5x + 9) + 32] + 27 (p  )  iq =  =
(p  a)  iq (p  a)2  q2
= (x – 3)2[x2 + 5x + 9] + 32(x – 3) + 27
= (x – 3)2[x2 – 3x + 8x – 24 + 33]+32(x – 3)+27 A2 (p a) A2 q
= (x – 3)3 (x + 8) + 33(x – 3)2 + 32(x – 3) + 27
=  (p  a)2  q2  i (p  a)2  q2
= w3(x + 8) + 33(w2) + 32w + 27 Equating the imaginary terms we get
= w + 1 + 32w + 33w2 + 27
A2q
= w + w2 + 32w + 32w2 + 38 q  0
= –1 – 32 + 38 = 5 (p  a)2  q2
 A2 
Sol.21 Z2 – Z1 = (Z3 – Z1)e–i/3  q1    0
 (p  a)2  q2 
Z3 – Z2 = (Z1 – Z2) e–i/3 

S 6. 3
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Complex Number

A2  (x – 7)2 + (y – 9)2 = 18
 q = 0 or  (p  a)2  q2  1 |Z – 7 – 9i| = 3 2

Here A, p, a and q are all real hence q = 0 is the A B

Sol.29  1
only solution. B A
 x cannot have imaginary roots. A2 + B2 = AB B
A B
Sol.24 Z3 + 2Z2 + 2Z + 1 = 0 1
B A
Z = –1,  , 2
A A B |B| |A–B|
Z1985 + Z100 + 1 = 0 
Z =  , 2 B A
Common roots are w, w2 A2 |A|
2 2 2 2
 A B O A
Sol.26 T =            B
2 2
B2
T2 =   2  2    2  2 +
 BA
A
2   2  2   2  2
A2 B2
A B  B  A  
 2  2
B A
=               +    2  2 
2 2
     |A3| = |B3|
|A| = |B| = |A – B|
 2 2
       + 2| –  +  | i.e. all sides are equal it forms an equilateral 
2 2 2
 
Sol.30 a + b + c = 0  b = –a – c
 2
2
= 2  2   2 2
2 aZ1 + bZ2 + cZ3 = 0
  aZ1 + cZ3 – (a + c)Z2 = 0
= 2  2  2  2  2 2  2 aZ1  cZ3
Z2 =
2 2
ac
= 2  2  2     a(Z1 – Z2) + c(Z3 – Z2) = 0
=            – c
(Z1 – Z2) = (Z3 – Z2)
a
    2      
Z1 – Z2 = K1(Z3 – Z2)
2 2
=      2     Z1, Z2 & Z3 are collinear (by vector)
=         
2
Sol.31 |Z – 4 + 3i|  2

T =        Hence proved

Sol.27 Z1 = 10 + 6i; Z2 = 4 + 6i
Z  Z1 x  10  (y  6)i  (x  4)  i(y  6) 
=  
Z  Z2 x  4  (y  6)i  (x  4)  i(y  6) 
(x  10)(x  4)  (y  6)2  i (y  6)(x  4)  (x  10)(6  y)

(x  4)2  (y  6)2 The shaded area show Z
Z  Z1
 Min & max value = Distance of centre from
arg 
Z  Z2 4 origin ± radius
= 5 ± 2 = 3, 7
 (y – 6)(x – 4)+(x – 10)(6 – y)
 3  |Z|  7
= (x – 10) (x – 4) + (y – 6)2
 (y–6)(x – 4 – x + 10)=x2 – 14x + 40 + (y–6)2 Z1  Z 2
Sol.32 1
 6(y – 6) = x2 – 14x + 40 + y2 + 36 – 12y 1  Z1 Z 2
 x2 + y2 – 18y – 14x + 112 = 0
(contd.)

S 6. 4
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