齋 - Wikiwand

Traditional	齋
Shinjitai	斎
Simplified	斋

More information trad., simp. ...

trad.		齋
simp.		斋

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 齋, Western Zhou ...

Historical forms of the character 齋
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
儕	*zriːl
麡	zriːl, ʔsliːl, *zliːl
齋	*ʔsriːl
穧	ʔsleds, ʔsliːls, *zliːls
擠	ʔsliːl, ʔsliːls
躋	ʔsliːl, ʔsliːls
齏	*ʔsliːl
齎	ʔsliːl, ʔslil
櫅	*ʔsliːl
齌	ʔsliːl, sʰliːl, *zliːls
隮	ʔsliːl, ʔsliːls
賷	*ʔsliːl
虀	*ʔsliːl
濟	ʔsliːlʔ, ʔsliːls
癠	ʔsliːlʔ, zliːl, zliːlʔ, zliːls
霽	*ʔsliːls
齊	zliːl, zliːls
臍	*zliːl
蠐	zliːl, zlil
懠	zliːl, zliːls
薺	zliːlʔ, zlil
鱭	*zliːlʔ
嚌	*zliːls
劑	zliːls, ʔslel
齍	*ʔslil

Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsriːl): phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls) + semantic 示 (“god; deity”).

Pronunciation

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	edit 齋
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂai⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡sai⁴⁴/ /ʈ͡ʂai⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sai²¹/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂɛ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂɛ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂai²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡sai²¹/
	Xining	/t͡sɛ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂɛ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂɛ³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sai⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡sai⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡sai⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡sai⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂæ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂae³¹/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂe̞²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sai¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡sæ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sɛ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡se⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡sɑ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡se̞³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sa³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sa³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sa¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sai³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sai³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sai⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sai⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sɑi²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sai⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡sai⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sai⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sai⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sɛ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sai⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡se³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡sai²³/ /t͡sɛ²³/

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	齋
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	側皆切
Baxter	tsreaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠɛi/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚæi/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃɐi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂəɨj/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃɛi/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃɐi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂăi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhāi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaai¹

More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	齋
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhāi
Middle Chinese	‹ tsreaj ›
Old Chinese	/*tsˁr[ə]j/
English	purify oneself
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	齋
Reading #	1/1
No.	10031
Phonetic component	齊
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	齋
Old Chinese	/*ʔsriːl/

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhāi (zhai¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄞ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зэ (ze, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaai¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): châi

(Meixian, Guangdong): zai¹
Northern Min (KCR): cái
Eastern Min (BUC): că̤
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): che / chai

(Teochew, Peng'im): zê¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tsa

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhāi
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄞ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhai
  - Wade–Giles: chai¹
  - Yale: jāi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jai
  - Palladius: чжай (čžaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зэ (ze, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zaai¹
  - Yale: jāai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zai¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːi̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châi
  - Hakka Romanization System: zai^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zai¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zai¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡saɪ⁴⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: că̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: che / chai
  - Tâi-lô: tse / tsai
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zef, zay
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡se⁴⁴/, /t͡sai⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se³³/, /t͡sai³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se⁴⁴/, /t͡sai⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡se⁴⁴/, /t͡sai⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se⁴⁴/, /t͡sai⁴⁴/

Note:

che - vernacular;
chai - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zê¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tse
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡se³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹tsa
  - MiniDict: tsa^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsa
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sa⁵³/

Dialectal data

Middle Chinese: tsreaj

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tsˤr[ə]j/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsriːl/

Definitions

齋

(historical) to show one's piety before offering sacrifices and other ceremonies in ancient times, by abstaining from meat and alcohol, bathing oneself and clearing one's mind of distracting thoughts
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) solemn; earnest
vegetarian diet (often adopted for religious reasons)
吃齋／吃斋 ― chīzhāi ― to be a vegetarian
fasting
齋月／斋月 ― zhāiyuè ― Ramadan
(Buddhism, Taoism) religious ceremony (Classifier: 堂 c)
(Cantonese) plain; dull; boring; dry
齋啡／斋啡 [Cantonese] ― zaai¹ fe¹ [Jyutping] ― black coffee

早餐淨係食塊麵包會唔會齋咗啲呢？ [Cantonese, trad.]
早餐净系食块面包会唔会斋咗啲呢？ [Cantonese, simp.]
zou² caan¹ zing⁶ hai⁶ sik⁶ faai³ min⁶ baau¹ wui⁵ m⁴ wui⁵ zaai¹ zo² di¹ ne¹? [Jyutping]
Wouldn't it be a bit dull to just have a piece of bread for breakfast?
(Cantonese) purely; only; just
Synonym: 淨 / 净 (jìng)

齋噏／斋噏 [Cantonese] ― zaai¹ ngap¹ [Jyutping] ― to just talk

齋睇唔買／斋睇唔买 [Cantonese] ― zaai¹ tai² m⁴ maai⁵ [Jyutping] ― to just browse around and not buy anything; to window-shop

齋坐／斋坐 [Cantonese] ― zaai¹ co⁵ [Jyutping] ― to just sit (at a restaurant, cafe, etc. without ordering)
to give alms to monks
study (room); studio
house; shop; building
a surname

Synonyms

(vegetarian diet): 素食 (sùshí)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “non-vegetarian”): 葷／荤 (hūn)

Compounds

三長齋月 / 三长斋月
修齋 / 修斋
假齋 / 假斋
八關齋 / 八关斋
冷齋夜話 / 冷斋夜话
化齋 / 化斋
吃齋 / 吃斋 (chīzhāi)
吃齋唸佛 / 吃斋念佛
埋齋 / 埋斋
奉道齋僧 / 奉道斋僧
守齋 / 守斋
容齋隨筆 / 容斋随笔
封齋 / 封斋 (fēngzhāi)
心齋 / 心斋
打完齋唔要和尚 / 打完斋唔要和尚
扑扑齋
打爛齋缽 / 打烂斋钵
打齋 / 打斋 (dǎzhāi)
打齋飯 / 打斋饭
把素持齋 / 把素持斋
把齋 / 把斋 (bǎzhāi)
持齋 / 持斋 (chízhāi)
持齋受戒 / 持斋受戒
持齋把素 / 持斋把素
捱齋 / 捱斋
散齋 / 散斋
斗齋
施齋 / 施斋
早齋 / 早斋 (chá-chai) (Min Nan)
書齋 / 书斋 (shūzhāi)
治齋 / 治斋
白齋 / 白斋
監齋使者 / 监斋使者
監齋爺 / 监斋爷
知不足齋 / 知不足斋
累七齋 / 累七斋
羅漢齋 / 罗汉斋 (luóhànzhāi)
羅齋 / 罗斋
聊齋志異 / 聊斋志异
蕭齋 / 萧斋
蛇齋餅粽 / 蛇斋饼粽
話齋 / 话斋
赴齋 / 赴斋
長齋 / 长斋 (chángzhāi)
長齋繡佛 / 长斋绣佛
開齋 / 开斋 (kāizhāi)
開齋節 / 开斋节 (Kāizhāijié)
食齋 / 食斋
魯齋郎 / 鲁斋郎
齋主 / 斋主
齋供 / 斋供
齋僧 / 斋僧
齋公 / 斋公
齋啡 / 斋啡
齋堂 / 斋堂 (zhāitáng)
齋壇 / 斋坛
齋夫 / 斋夫
齋姑 / 斋姑
齋宿 / 斋宿
齋居蔬食 / 斋居蔬食
齋廚 / 斋厨
齋心 / 斋心
齋心滌慮 / 斋心涤虑
齋慄 / 斋栗
齋戒 / 斋戒 (zhāijiè)
齋戒沐浴 / 斋戒沐浴 (zhāijièmùyù)
齋文 / 斋文
齋會 / 斋会 (zhāihuì)
齋月 / 斋月 (zhāiyuè)
齋果 / 斋果 (zhāiguǒ)
齋校 / 斋校
齋沐 / 斋沐
齋滷味 / 斋卤味
齋潔 / 斋洁
齋腸 / 斋肠 (zhāicháng)
齋舍 / 斋舍
齋舞 / 斋舞
齋菜 / 斋菜 (zhāicài)
齋襯 / 斋衬
齋襯錢 / 斋衬钱
齋醮 / 斋醮
齋鋪 / 斋铺
齋長 / 斋长
齋飯 / 斋饭 (zhāifàn)

Descendants

→ Thai: เจ (jee)
→ Vietnamese: chay

齋

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Antonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Etymology

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

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