자기 종교

Self religion

자기 종교(또는 자기 종교)는 주로 [1]자기 계발을 목적으로 하는 종교 또는 자기 계발 단체입니다."셀프 종교"라는 용어는 폴 힐러스에[2] 의해 만들어졌으며 다른 종교 학자들이 이 기술을 채택/적용했다.킹스 칼리지 런던 학자인 피터 버나드 클라크는 "진정한 자아의 종교"[3]의 수업을 묘사하기 위해 힐러스의 자기 종교 개념을 기반으로 합니다.

범위

Hanegraaff하는 현상은"종교 자기"일반적으로 뉴 에이지 영성과 동일할 수 있다.만약은 개인에게 'self-religion'는 개인적인 훈고와 선택은 일반적 제목이 늦어서modern/early 포스트 모던의 변화 중에는 훨씬 간단히§뉴 에이지 Neo-pagan relig보다 더 많은 모두 새로운 트렌드에 적용된다[4]과 작가인 마이클 뉴욕," 쓴다.이오시스"[5]라고 말합니다.Eileen Barker는 1999년 저서 New Roliatic Movements: 그들의 발생과 중요성에서 그들이 "NRM 스펙트럼의 뉴에이지 종말을 향해 가고 있다"[6]고 말했다.이탈리아의 종교 사회학자 마시모 인트로비뉴는 "셀프 종교"를 "성스러운 [7]것에 대한 깊지만 모호하고 체계적이지 않은 관심"이라고 묘사한다.

예

자아 종교 또는 "진정한 자아 종교"로 특징지어지는(또는 개념과 관련된) 그룹은 다음과 같습니다.

메모들

  1. ^ 크리시데스, 페이지 290-291.[need quotation to verify]
  2. ^ 예를 들어,Heelas, Paul (1991), ""Cults for capitalism? self religions, magic and the empowerment of business", in Gee, Peter; Fulton, John (eds.), Religion and power, decline and growth: sociological analyses of religion in Britain, Poland, and the Americas, Twickenham: British Sociological Association, Sociology of Religion Study Group, ISBN 0-9517224-0-9
  3. ^ Clarke, Peter Bernard (2006), New religions in global perspective: a study of religious change in the modern world, Routledge, p. 8, ISBN 978-0-415-25748-0, retrieved 2010-05-22, Looking at the situation from West to East, one kind of spirituality that is increasingly sought after in the former concept is the [...] inner-directed or internally focussed spirituality that gives rise to what, building on Heelas' (1991) concept of Self-religion, I prefer to describe as Religions of the True Self.
  4. ^ Hanegraaff, Wouter J. (2004), Woodhead, Linda (ed.), "New Age Religion", Religions in Modern World: Traditions and Transformations, Routledge: 300, [...] New Age spirituality has indeed sometimes been dubbed 'self religion'(Heelas, 1996).
  5. ^ York, Michael (October 2001), "New Age Commodification and Appropriation of Spirituality", Journal of Contemporary Religion, 16 (3): 361–372, doi:10.1080/13537900120077177, S2CID 144973113, If 'self-religion' means personal exegesis and selection by the individual, the general rubric is applicable to trends in the late modern/early postmodern transition, which encompass much more than simply New Age and Neo-pagan religiosities.
  6. ^ Barker, Eileen (1999-05-05), "New Religious Movements: their incidence and significance", in Wilson, Bryan R.; Cresswell, Jamie (eds.), New religious movements: challenge and response, Routledge (published 1999), pp. 15–32 [17], ISBN 978-0-415-20050-9, It is not impossible – indeed, as one moves toward the New Age end of the NRM spectrum, it is quite common – for individuals to have overlapping memberships, happily hopping from one 'self-religion' to another. It would not be impossible for committed seekers in California, Amsterdam or Highgate to spend twenty minutes in Transcendental Mediation each morning before embarking on their Tai Chi, then going on to attend a channelling session on Monday, to meet with their Co-counsellor on Tuesday, have an Alexander lession on Wednesday, watch an Osho video on Thursday and participate in a Forum Seminar throughout the weekend. Two months later one might find them chanting 'Hare Hrishna', 'Om Shanti' or, perhaps, 'Nam Myoho Renge Kyo'.
  7. ^ Witham, Larry (March 11, 1996). "Europeans forge new religious paths Boomers tilt traditions to fit their needs". Washington Times. p. A.12.
  8. ^ Heelas, Paul (1991-10-01), "Western Europe: Self-Religions", in Clarke, Peter (ed.), The World's Religions: The Study of Religion, Traditional and New Religion, London: Routledge (published 1991), pp. 167–173 [168], ISBN 978-0-203-41397-5, retrieved 2010-05-22, [...] such neo-Gurdjieffian movements as Arica [...]
  9. ^ Heelas, Paul (1991-10-01), "Western Europe: Self-Religions", in Clarke, Peter (ed.), The World's Religions: The Study of Religion, Traditional and New Religion, London: Routledge (published 1991), pp. 167–173 [168], ISBN 978-0-203-41397-5, retrieved 2010-05-22, [...] such neo-Gurdjieffian movements as [...] the Emin Foundation [...]
  10. ^ est는 힐러스의 "서유럽:'자기 종교' 기사: 영향력 있는 운동으로.힐러스는 첫 번째 단락에서 "그리고 에스트의 설립자는 '내가 공부하고 배운 모든 학문 중에서, 선은 필수적인 것이었다'라고 말한다." (167페이지)그리고 힐러스는 몇 페이지 후에 est와 Erhard에 대해 논의합니다.「유럽의 도시는, 보스턴을 위해서 이 단체가 제공한 「성인 34명 중 1명은 est를 가져갔다」라고 하는 수치와는 거리가 멀다.[...] 예를 들어 Erhard가 현대의 Gurdjieffian이라고 하는 것에 자신을 헌신하는 것은 결코 우연이 아니다.k') 인류의 조화로운 발전을 위한 연구소에 유치된 것과 유사한 고객에게 호소할 수 있다."(172페이지).
  11. ^ Clancy, Ray (July 21, 1992). "Professionals fall prey to New Age gurus". The Times. London (UK).
  12. ^ Heelas, Paul (1991-10-01), "Western Europe: Self-Religions", in Clarke, Peter (ed.), The World's Religions: The Study of Religion, Traditional and New Religion, London: Routledge (published 1991), pp. 167–173 [169], ISBN 978-0-203-41397-5, retrieved 2010-05-22, Mention of the self-religion which I know best, namely London-based Exegesis, serves to introduce one such contributor. D'Aubigny, the leader, has had an office devoid of books, except the collected works of Jung.
  13. ^ a b Bowker, John, ed. (2000), "New religious movements", The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions, Oxford University Press
  14. ^ Heelas, Paul (1996), The New Age movement: the celebration of the self and the sacralization of modernity (reprint ed.), Wiley-Blackwell, p. 59, ISBN 978-0-631-19332-6, retrieved 2009-09-24, Furthermore, and perhaps more significantly, est has served as an important model for other Self-movements. est graduates, together with those otherwise involved with Erhard, have moved on to develop their own seminars.[...] In 1977, est graduate Robert D'Aubigny founded Exegesis in Britain.
  15. ^ Heelas, Paul (1991-10-01), "Western Europe: Self-Religions", in Clarke, Peter (ed.), The World's Religions: The Study of Religion, Traditional and New Religion, London: Routledge (published 1991), pp. 167–173 [168], ISBN 978-0-203-41397-5, retrieved 2010-05-22, The great majority of the self-religions active in Europe owe their immediate ancestry to developments in the United States. Going back a step, however, these developments in turn largely derive from events in Europe. One event, above all others, stands out: Gurdjieff's establishment, in 1922, if the Institute for the Harmonious Development of Man. [...] Gurdjieff's Institute paved the weay for what was to follow. [...] ASll the basic ingredients of the self-religions are [...] in evidence. As well as provoking what was to come, Gurdjieff's 'The Work' is still alive and well. [...] Between five and ten thousand attend centres [in England] (including the Gurdjieff Ouspensky School), and then there are those attached to such neo-Gurdjieffian movements as Arica, the Emis Foundation (700) and the School of Economic Science.
  16. ^ Heelas, Paul (1991-10-01), "Western Europe: Self-Religions", in Clarke, Peter (ed.), The World's Religions: The Study of Religion, Traditional and New Religion, London: Routledge (published 1991), pp. 167–173 [168], ISBN 978-0-203-41397-5, retrieved 2010-04-03, Gurdjieff provided the (often) group contexts, complete with rules and techniques, to effect transformation. All the basic ingredients of the self-religions are thus in evidence. [...] and then there are those attached to such neo-Gurdjieffian movements as Arica, the Emin Foundation [...] and the School of Economic Science [...]
  17. ^ Clarke, Peter Bernard (2006), New religions in global perspective: a study of religious change in the modern world, Routledge, p. 33, ISBN 978-0-415-25748-0, retrieved 2010-05-22, [...] the Rajneesh movement [...] developed a psycho-spiritual therapeutic system founded on ideas of, and ways of realizing, the True Self, derived from Eastern spirituality, and on the 'new' and as yet fringe developments in psychotherapy in the West. Other similar movements include [...] Insight [...]
  18. ^ a b c Heelas, Paul (1991-10-01), "Western Europe: Self-Religions", in Clarke, Peter (ed.), The World's Religions: The Study of Religion, Traditional and New Religion, London: Routledge (published 1991), pp. 167–173 [170], ISBN 978-0-203-41397-5, retrieved 2010-05-22, [...] the great majority of self-religions [...] These are the est-like movements [...] – the Church for the Movement of Inner Spiritual Awareness/Insight, Self Transformation, the Life Training/the Kairos Foundation, Relationships and the like.
  19. ^ Barker, Eileen (1999-05-05), "New Religious Movements: their incidence and significance", in Wilson, Bryan R.; Cresswell, Jamie (eds.), New religious movements: challenge and response, Routledge (published 1999), pp. 15–32 [17], ISBN 978-0-415-20050-9, It is not impossible – indeed, as one moves toward the New Age end of the NRM spectrum, it is quite common – for individuals to have overlapping memberships, happily hopping from one 'self-religion' to another. It would not be impossible for committed seekers in California, Amsterdam or Highgate to spend twenty minutes in Transcendental Mediation each morning before embarking on their Tai Chi, then going on to [...] participate in a Forum Seminar throughout the weekend.
  20. ^ McCarl, Steven R.; Zaffron, Steve; Nielsen, Joyce McCarl; Kennedy, Sally Lewis (2001), "The Promise of Philosophy and the Landmark Forum", Contemporary Philosophy, Barbados Group Working Papers (published Jan/Feb & Mar/Apr 2001), vol. 23, no. 1 & 2, pp. 51–59, doi:10.2139/ssrn.278955, SSRN 278955, We describe a contemporary experience [...] provided by [...] Landmark Educational Corporation. Its introductory program [is] called The Landmark Forum [...]. [...] [Bartley's] work includes much of the philosophy that informed the est training, the program that preceded and is precursor to the Forum. {{citation}}:날짜 값 확인: publication-date=(도움말)
  21. ^ Clarke, Peter Bernard (2006), New religions in global perspective: a study of religious change in the modern world, Routledge, p. 33, ISBN 978-0-415-25748-0, retrieved 2010-05-22, [...] the Rajneesh movement [...] developed a psycho-spiritual therapeutic system founded on ideas of, and ways of realizing, the True Self, derived from Eastern spirituality, and on the 'new' and as yet fringe developments in psychotherapy in the West. Other similar movements include [...] Mind Dynamics, an offshoot of Silva Mind Control.
  22. ^ Clarke, Peter Bernard (2006), New religions in global perspective: a study of religious change in the modern world, Routledge, p. 228, ISBN 978-0-415-25748-0, retrieved 2010-05-22, Although it assumes responsibility for the African race as a whole, Rastafarianism can be also aptly described as a 'Self religion' (Heelas, 1991).
  23. ^ Petersen, Jesper Aagaard (2005), "Modern Satanism: Dark Doctrines and Black Flames", in Lewis, James R.; Petersen, Jesper Aagaard (eds.), Controversial new religions, Oxford scholarship online, Oxford University Press US, p. 444, ISBN 978-0-19-515682-9, As stated in the introduction, the three main traits I use to define modern Satanism are "Self-religion," that is, the realization of an "authentic nature"; the use of Satan as a positive and negative symbolic expression of this aspiration; and a coherent organization or body of work.
  24. ^ Heelas, Paul (1991-10-01), "Western Europe: Self-Religions", in Clarke, Peter (ed.), The World's Religions: The Study of Religion, Traditional and New Religion, London: Routledge (published 1991), pp. 167–173 [168], ISBN 978-0-203-41397-5, retrieved 2010-05-22, [...] such neo-Gurdjieffian movements as [...] the School of Economic Science [...]
  25. ^ Heelas, Paul (1991-10-01), "Western Europe: Self-Religions", in Clarke, Peter (ed.), The World's Religions: The Study of Religion, Traditional and New Religion, London: Routledge (published 1991), pp. 167–173 [170], ISBN 978-0-203-41397-5, retrieved 2010-02-18, Together with Eastern traditions, Western therapeutic thought has also influenced one of the best known self-religions, Scientology
  26. ^ Clarke, Peter Bernard (2006), New religions in global perspective: a study of religious change in the modern world, Routledge, p. 33, ISBN 978-0-415-25748-0, retrieved 2010-05-22, [...] the Rajneesh movement [...] developed a psycho-spiritual therapeutic system founded on ideas of, and ways of realizing, the True Self, derived from Eastern spirituality, and on the 'new' and as yet fringe developments in psychotherapy in the West. Other similar movements include [...] Silva Mind Control, which is based largely on New Thought [...]

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