Joseph Crowley

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Joseph Crowley
Image of Joseph Crowley

Democratic Party

Prior offices
New York State Assembly
U.S. House New York District 7
Successor: Nydia Velazquez
U.S. House New York District 14
Predecessor: Carolyn B. Maloney

Compensation

Net worth

(2012) $292,513.50

Elections and appointments
Last election

November 6, 2018

Education

Bachelor's

City University of New York, Queens College

Personal
Religion
Christian: Catholic
Profession
Politician
Contact

Campaign website

Campaign Facebook

Campaign Twitter

Personal website

Personal Twitter

Joseph Crowley (Democratic Party) was a member of the U.S. House, representing New York's 14th Congressional District. He assumed office on January 3, 2013. He left office on January 3, 2019.

Crowley (Working Families Party, Democratic Party) ran for re-election to the U.S. House to represent New York's 14th Congressional District. Crowley (Working Families Party) lost in the general election on November 6, 2018. He lost in the Democratic primary on June 26, 2018. He advanced from the Working Families Party primary on June 26, 2018.

During his re-election run, Crowley faced his first primary challenger since 2004, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. Stark fundraising differences and notable endorsements on both sides fueled debate over which candidate had the most progressive credentials. Crowley was defeated by Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D) in the June 26 primary. Crowley's name remained on the general election ballot because he filed for election on the Working Families and Women's Equality Party lines through fusion voting. On July 12, 2018, Crowley stated that he was not campaigning for the general election.[1]

Before serving in Congress, Crowley was a representative in the New York State Assembly. He chaired the House Democratic Caucus and the Queens Democratic Party as of 2018. Roll Call included Crowley in its list of six Democrats most likely to become House Democratic leader if Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) stepped down.[2]

Crowley's campaign website highlighted his leadership position in the House going into the election and his intent to counter Republicans in Congress: "As Chairman of the Democratic Caucus, I’m focused on organizing resistance to the extreme GOP agenda that is threatening our middle class. Congress should be working on increasing access to health care and housing, protecting seniors’ hard-earned benefits, and creating greater opportunity for students and families."

Crowley had endorsements from NARAL Pro-Choice America and Planned Parenthood; Giffords: Courage to Fight Gun Violence and Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America; over 20 labor unions, including the New York State AFL-CIO and the Communications Workers of America; and several state legislators and New York City Council members.[3]

Before redistricting in 2012, Crowley had previously served the 7th District.

Click here for more information on the June 26 Democratic primary. Click here for more information on the November 6 general election.

Biography

Crowley was born in New York, N.Y. He earned a B.A. from Queens College, City University of New York in 1985.[4]

Soon after earning his degree, Crowley was elected to the New York State Assembly in 1986, where he served until 1999.[4]

Career

Below is an abbreviated outline of Crowley's academic, professional, and political career:[5]

Committee assignments

U.S. House

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Crowley was assigned to the following committees:[6]

2015-2016

Crowley served on the following committees:[7]

2013-2014

Crowley served on the following committees:[8]

2011-2012

Crowley served on the following committees:[9]

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018

For detailed information about each vote, click here.

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Issues

Presidential preference

2016 presidential endorsement

✓ Crowley endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic primary in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.[110]

See also: Endorsements for Hillary Clinton

Political positions

Fast food worker strikes

In December 2013, Crowley tweeted his support for raising the minimum wage for fast food workers. He tweeted, "Proud to join my Dem colleagues in calling on fast-food CEOs to raise workers’ wages."[111]

Noteworthy events

Arrest during immigration protest

See also: Gang of Eight

On October 8, 2013, eight Democratic members of Congress were arrested while attending a protest calling for comprehensive immigration reform in front of the U.S. Capitol.[112]

The eight included Crowley, John Lewis (D-Ga.), Luis Gutierrez (D-Ill.), Charlie Rangel (D-N.Y.), Raul Grijalva (D-Ari.), Keith Ellison (D-Minn.), Jan Schakowsky (D-Ill.) and Al Green (D-Texas).[112] The politicians, along with activists who attended an immigration rally on the National Mall, staged a sit-in near the west side of the Capitol.[112] Authorities arrested the lawmakers for crowding and disrupting the streets around the Capitol. Almost 200 people were arrested by police during the protest.[112]

Elections

2018

See also: New York's 14th Congressional District election, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. House New York District 14

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez defeated Anthony Pappas, incumbent Joseph Crowley, and Elizabeth Perri in the general election for U.S. House New York District 14 on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D)
 
78.2
 
110,318
Image of Anthony Pappas
Anthony Pappas (R) Candidate Connection
 
13.6
 
19,202
Image of Joseph Crowley
Joseph Crowley (Working Families Party)
 
6.6
 
9,348
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Submit photo
Elizabeth Perri (Conservative Party)
 
1.6
 
2,254

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 141,122
(100.00% precincts reporting)
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. House New York District 14

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez defeated incumbent Joseph Crowley in the Democratic primary for U.S. House New York District 14 on June 26, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
 
56.7
 
16,898
Image of Joseph Crowley
Joseph Crowley
 
43.3
 
12,880

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified.

Total votes: 29,778
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. House New York District 14

Anthony Pappas advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. House New York District 14 on June 26, 2018.

Candidate
✔
Image of Anthony Pappas
Anthony Pappas Candidate Connection

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Working Families Party primary election

Working Families Party primary for U.S. House New York District 14

Incumbent Joseph Crowley advanced from the Working Families Party primary for U.S. House New York District 14 on June 26, 2018.

Candidate
✔
Image of Joseph Crowley
Joseph Crowley

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.


Campaign finance

Campaign finance disclosures through March 31, 2018, showed the following:


Name Party Receipts* Disbursements** Cash on hand Date
Joseph Crowley Working Families Party, Democratic Party $4,007,216 $5,119,793 $8,779 As of December 31, 2018
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Democratic Party $2,147,896 $1,782,302 $365,237 As of December 31, 2018
Anthony Pappas Republican Party $8,161 $2,500 $5,662 As of November 15, 2018
Elizabeth Perri Conservative Party $0 $0 $0 Data not available***

Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2018. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).

* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee."
** According to the FEC, a disbursement "is a purchase, payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit or gift of money or anything of value to influence a federal election," plus other kinds of payments not made to influence a federal election.
*** Candidate either did not report any receipts or disbursements to the FEC, or Ballotpedia did not find an FEC candidate ID.


Endorsements

2016

See also: New York's 14th Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Democratic. Incumbent Joseph Crowley (D) defeated Frank Spotorno (R) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Neither candidate faced any opposition in the primaries on June 28, 2016.[125][126]

U.S. House, New York District 14 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJoseph Crowley Incumbent 82.9% 147,587
     Republican Frank Spotorno 17.1% 30,545
Total Votes 178,132
Source: New York Board of Elections

2014

See also: New York's 14th Congressional District elections, 2014

Crowley won in the 2014 election for the U.S. House to represent New York's 14th District. Crowley ran unopposed for the Democratic and Working Families Party nominations in the primary on June 24, 2014. He then defeated Elizabeth Perri (Conservative) in the general election on November 4, 2014.[127]

U.S. House, New York District 14 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJoseph Crowley Incumbent 88% 50,352
     Conservative Elizabeth Perri 11.8% 6,735
     N/A Write-in votes 0.2% 117
Total Votes 57,204
Source: New York State Board of Elections, NYS Board of Elections Rep. in Congress Election Returns November 4, 2014," accessed August 30, 2021

2012

See also: New York's 14th Congressional District elections, 2012

Crowley won re-election in 2012, but due to New York's redistricting, he ran in the newly redrawn 14th District. He was unopposed in the Democratic primary and defeated William Gibbons Jr. (R) and Anthony Gronowicz (G) in the general election on November 6, 2012.[128][129]

U.S. House, New York District 14 General Election, 2012
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJoseph Crowley Incumbent 83.2% 120,761
     Republican William Gibbons Jr. 15% 21,755
     Green Anthony Gronowicz 1.8% 2,570
     N/A Write-in votes 0.1% 104
Total Votes 145,190
Source: New York State Board of Elections, "NYS Board of Elections Rep. in Congress Election Returns Nov. 6, 2012," accessed September 1, 2021

Full history


Campaign themes

2018

Campaign website

The following themes were found on Crowley's official campaign website.

“

Healthcare
Health care is right for all Americans – not a privilege for the wealthy. Joe is an outspoken supporter of Obamacare and an impassioned advocate for local health care facilities in the Bronx and Queens. He’s a co-sponsor of the Medicare for All Act, which would dramatically increase health care coverage in this country. He was a leading advocate for a permanent Children’s Health Insurance Program to ensure that vulnerable children have access to a doctor. Joe even demanded that Republican lawmakers give up their own health care before they stripped access away from hard-working Americans.

Equal Pay for Women
Women deserve equal pay for equal work – period. Joe is a strong advocate for equal pay and other measures to ensure that are women are treated with dignity and respect in the work place. He is a co-sponsor of the Paycheck Fairness Act, which strengthens the Equal Pay Act and helps ensure women earn a fair day’s pay for a fair day’s work.

Immigration
As the son and grandson of immigrants, Joe is proud to represent one of the most diverse congressional districts in the nation. Joe is fighting to protect immigrants from harassment by federal authorities and is defending immigrant communities against hate crimes. He supports fixing our broken immigration system by creating a system that would provide an earned path to citizenship for 11 million undocumented immigrants, keep the best and brightest here, and secure our borders.

Gun Control
Gun violence is an epidemic in our country. Joe has consistently opposed the NRA’s radical positions on gun ownership and he’s fighting to crack down on illegal firearms from being brought into New York.

Education
Joe is firmly committed to preparing all young Americans for successful careers by advocating for public education, championing increased federal support for Head Start and other pre-kindergarden programs, and fighting to maintain critical financial aid, such as Pell Grants, so more students can afford a college education. Joe is also committed to expanding vocational training and on-the-job training programs so that all Americans can find careers that work best for them.

Affordability
Joe authored the Rent Relief Act to help working families and seniors afford to live in increasingly expensive cities like New York City, by providing tax relief to renters struggling to afford housing. Without assistance, men and women will be forced out of their communities – diminishing what makes Queens and the Bronx great.

Crime and Safety
Joe established the Crime Stoppers program to support local organizations working to reduce crime and improve the quality of life in our neighborhoods. This program has delivered more than $1 million dollars in federal funding to the Bronx-Queens community for graffiti clean-up, after-school programming, and civic patrol efforts.

911 and National Security
In the wake of 9/11, Joe stepped to defend New York City and protect our brave first responders. He was instrumental in passing the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act to provide 9/11 workers with health care, and led efforts to create the Urban Area Security Initiative that has steered more than $950 million cdollars in funding to make New York’s airports, train stations, and ports more secure.[137]

”
—Crowley for Congress[138]


Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

Joseph Crowley campaign contribution history
YearOfficeStatusContributionsExpenditures
2018U.S. House New York District 14Lost general$4,007,216 $5,119,793
2016U.S. House, New York District 14Won $2,984,417 N/A**
2014U.S. House (New York, District 14)Won $3,113,565 N/A**
2012U.S. House New York District 14Won $2,577,592 N/A**
2010U.S. House New York District 7Won $2,022,922 N/A**
2008U.S. House New York District 7Won $2,058,150 N/A**
2006U.S. House New York District 7Won $1,738,323 N/A**
2004U.S. House New York District 7Won $1,273,991 N/A**
2002U.S. House New York District 7Won $869,579 N/A**
2000U.S. House New York District 7Won $778,327 N/A**
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only available data.

Personal Gain Index

Congressional Personal Gain Index graphic.png
See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

PGI: Change in net worth

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives
Net Worth Metric graphic.png

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Crowley's net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $88,027 and $497,000. That averages to $292,513.50, which is lower than the average net worth of Democratic representatives in 2012 of $5,700,168.36. Crowley ranked as the 327th most wealthy representative in 2012.[139] Between 2004 and 2012, Crowley's calculated net worth[140] increased by an average of 16 percent per year. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.[141]

Joseph Crowley Yearly Net Worth
YearAverage Net Worth
2004$127,623
2012$292,513
Growth from 2004 to 2012:129%
Average annual growth:16%[142]
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.[143]

The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). Crowley received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Securities & Investment industry.

From 1997-2014, 35.25 percent of Crowley's career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.[144]

Donation Concentration Metric graphic.png
Joseph Crowley Campaign Contributions
Total Raised $14,315,695
Total Spent $12,818,418
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Securities & Investment$1,428,692
Insurance$1,159,515
Real Estate$1,040,092
Lawyers/Law Firms$893,740
Commercial Banks$524,150
% total in top industry9.98%
% total in top two industries18.08%
% total in top five industries35.25%

Analysis

Ideology and leadership

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Crowley was a moderate Democratic leader as of August 2014.[145] Crowley was rated as a "rank-and-file Democrat" in June 2013.

Like-minded colleagues

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.[146]

Crowley most often votes with:

Crowley least often votes with:


Lifetime voting record

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Crowley missed 365 of 11,529 roll call votes from January 1999 to September 2015. This amounted to 3.2 percent, which was higher than the median of 2.2 percent among representatives as of September 2015.[145]

Congressional staff salaries

See also: Staff salaries of United States Senators and Representatives

The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Crowley paid his congressional staff a total of $1,046,764 in 2011. Overall, New York ranked 28th in average salary for representative staff. The average U.S. House of Representatives congressional staff was paid $954,912.20 in fiscal year 2011.[147]

National Journal vote ratings

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year. Click the link above for the full ratings of all members of Congress.

2013

Crowley ranked 104th in the liberal rankings in 2013.[148]

2012

Crowley ranked 55th in the liberal rankings in 2012.[149]

2011

Crowley ranked 71st in the liberal rankings in 2011.[150]

Voting with party

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014

Crowley voted with the Democratic Party 95.0 percent of the time, which ranked 36th among the 204 House Democratic members as of August 2014.[151]

2013

Crowley voted with the Democratic Party 93 percent of the time, which ranked 122nd among the 201 House Democratic members as of June 2013.[152]

2016 Democratic National Convention

Personal

Note: Please contact us if the personal information below requires an update.
When he served in the U.S. Congress, Crowley had three children with his wife, Kasey Crowley.[161]

Recent news

This section links to a Google news search for the term Joseph + Crowley + New York + House

Joseph Crowley News Feed

See also

External links

 


Footnotes

  1. ↑ The New York Times, "Ocasio-Cortez Confronts Crowley Over His ‘Third-Party Challenge’," July 12, 2018
  2. ↑ Roll Call, "Six Who Could Succeed Pelosi — Someday," June 28, 2017
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Crowley for Congress, "Endorsements," accessed May 29, 2018
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "CROWLEY, Joseph, (1962 - )," accessed December 10, 2011
  5. ↑ Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "CROWLEY, Joseph, (1962 - )," accessed February 12, 2015
  6. ↑ U.S. House Clerk, "Official Alphabetical List of the House of Representatives of the United States One Hundred Fifteenth Congress," accessed February 2, 2017
  7. ↑ U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, "Committee Information," accessed February 20, 2015
  8. ↑ CQ.com, "House Committee Rosters for the 113th Congress," accessed March 3, 2013
  9. ↑ Congressman Joseph Crowley, Proudly Serving the 7th District of New York, "Committees and Caucuses," accessed December 10, 2011
  10. ↑ Committee on Ways and Means, Chairman Dave Camp, "Committee Members," accessed December 10, 2011
  11. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed December 13, 2018
  12. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 284," June 21, 2018
  13. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 282," June 21, 2018
  14. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed March 12, 2019
  15. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 549," October 3, 2017
  16. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 344," June 29, 2017
  17. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 342," June 29, 2017
  18. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 256," May 4, 2017
  19. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 405," September 26, 2018
  20. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 399," September 13, 2018
  21. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 313," June 28, 2018
  22. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 257," June 8, 2018
  23. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 216," May 22, 2018
  24. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 127," March 22, 2018
  25. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 69," February 9, 2018
  26. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 60," February 6, 2018
  27. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 44," January 22, 2018
  28. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 33," January 18, 2018
  29. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 708," December 21, 2017
  30. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 692," December 19, 2017
  31. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 670," December 7, 2017
  32. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 637," November 16, 2017
  33. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 589," October 26, 2017
  34. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 557," October 5, 2017
  35. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 528," September 14, 2017
  36. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 480," September 8, 2017
  37. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 441," September 6, 2017
  38. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 299," June 8, 2017
  39. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 249," May 3, 2017
  40. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 230," May 24, 2018
  41. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 49," January 30, 2018
  42. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 631," November 14, 2017
  43. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 435," July 27, 2017
  44. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 413," July 25, 2017
  45. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 437," July 28, 2017
  46. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 407," July 24, 2017
  47. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 378," July 14, 2017
  48. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 136," March 8, 2017
  49. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015
  50. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017
  51. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015
  52. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 361," June 12, 2015
  53. ↑ Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015
  54. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 362," June 12, 2015
  55. ↑ Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015
  56. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 374," June 18, 2015
  57. ↑ Politico, "Trade turnaround: House backs new power for Obama," June 18, 2015
  58. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 388," June 24, 2015
  59. ↑ The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015
  60. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015
  61. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015
  62. ↑ The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015
  63. ↑ Congress.gov, "S. 1356," accessed November 12, 2015
  64. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 618," accessed November 12, 2015
  65. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to S. 1356)," accessed November 12, 2015
  66. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015
  67. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 183," accessed May 5, 2015
  68. ↑ The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015
  69. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015," accessed November 1, 2015
  70. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 579," accessed November 1, 2015
  71. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1314)," accessed November 1, 2015
  72. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1191 - Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015," accessed May 16, 2015
  73. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 226," accessed May 16, 2015
  74. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 3461," accessed September 11, 2015
  75. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 493," accessed September 11, 2015
  76. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 3460," accessed September 10, 2015
  77. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 494," accessed September 11, 2015
  78. ↑ Congress.gov, "H Res 411," accessed September 10, 2015
  79. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 492," accessed September 10, 2015
  80. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 597," accessed November 2, 2015
  81. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 576," accessed November 2, 2015
  82. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2048," accessed May 26, 2015
  83. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 224," accessed May 26, 2015
  84. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 36 - the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act," accessed May 16, 2015
  85. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "HR 36," accessed May 16, 2015
  86. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1731," accessed November 2, 2015
  87. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 173," accessed November 2, 2015
  88. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1560 - Protecting Cyber Networks Act," accessed November 1, 2015
  89. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 170," accessed November 1, 2015
  90. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 4038 - the American SAFE Act of 2015," accessed November 20, 2015
  91. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 643," accessed November 20, 2015
  92. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013
  93. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 94.2 94.3 Project Vote Smart, "Representative Crowley's Voting Records on National Security," accessed October 8, 2013
  95. ↑ The Library of Congress, "Bill Summary & Status - 113th Congress (2013 - 2014) - H.R.624," accessed August 27, 2013
  96. ↑ Vote Smart, "Crowley on agriculture," accessed October 8, 2013
  97. ↑ New York Times, "House Republicans Push Through Farm Bill, Without Food Stamps," accessed September 17, 2013
  98. ↑ U.S. House.gov, "Full Member List of Congressional Snap Challenge," accessed September 25, 2013 (dead link)
  99. ↑ Feeding America, "Taking the SNAP Challenge," accessed September 25, 2013
  100. ↑ Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013
  101. ↑ Buzzfeed, "Government Shutdown: How We Got Here," accessed October 1, 2013
  102. ↑ Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013
  103. ↑ The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013
  104. ↑ U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 550," accessed October 31, 2013
  105. ↑ The Library of Congress, "H.AMDT.136," accessed August 28, 2013
  106. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "Representative Crowley's Voting Records on Immigration," accessed October 8, 2013
  107. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "Representative Crowley's Voting Records on Issue: Health and Healthcare," accessed October 8, 2013
  108. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "Crowley on abortion," accessed October 8, 2013
  109. ↑ U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote on the Fiscal Cliff," accessed January 4, 2013
  110. ↑ The Hill, "Dems' 2016 endorsement list starts here," January 28, 2014
  111. ↑ Politico, "Pols back #FastFoodStrikes," accessed December 6, 2013
  112. ↑ 112.0 112.1 112.2 112.3 NBC News, "Democratic lawmakers arrested during immigration protest," accessed October 9, 2013
  113. ↑ Facebook, "Joseph Crowley," May 1, 2018
  114. ↑ New York State of Politics, "Crowley’s Loss A Seismic Shift For New York," accessed June 26, 2018
  115. ↑ Crowley for Congress, "Congressman Crowley Endorsed by Women’s Rights Organizations," May 9, 2018
  116. ↑ Alexandria for NY-14, "Endorsements," accessed May 30, 2018
  117. ↑ Twitter, "James J. Zogby," March 16, 2018
  118. ↑ Wire Service, "Media Release: DSA Endorse Four More Women in California and New York," June 4, 2018
  119. ↑ Twitter, "MoveOn," June 18, 2018
  120. ↑ '"Twitter, "Zephyr Teachout," May 31, 2018
  121. ↑ Our Revolution, "Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez," accessed June 25, 2018
  122. ↑ Twitter, "Democracy for America," June 22, 2018
  123. ↑ Twitter, "Cynthia Nixon," June 25, 2018
  124. ↑ New York Post, "Queens Democratic club snubs longtime Rep. Joe Crowley," June 15, 2018
  125. ↑ New York State Board of Elections, "Filings received for the 2016 Primary Election," accessed May 15, 2016
  126. ↑ Politico, "New York House Races Results," June 28, 2016
  127. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named huffpost14
  128. ↑ AP/CSPAN, "New York-Summary Vote Report," June 26, 2012
  129. ↑ Politico, "2012 Election Map, New York," accessed November 7, 2012
  130. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
  131. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013
  132. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006," accessed March 28, 2013
  133. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2004," accessed March 28, 2013
  134. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002," accessed March 28, 2013
  135. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2000," accessed March 28, 2013
  136. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1998," accessed March 28, 2013
  137. ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  138. ↑ Crowley for Congress, "Issues," accessed May 30, 2018
  139. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Joseph Crowley (D-NY), 2012," accessed February 18, 2014
  140. ↑ This figure represents the average annual percentage growth from either 2004 (if the member entered office in 2004 or earlier) or their first year in office (as noted in the chart below) to 2012, divided by the number of years calculated.
  141. ↑ This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.
  142. ↑ This figure represents the total percentage growth divided by the number of years for which there are net worth figures for each member.
  143. ↑ This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.
  144. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Rep. Joseph Crowley," accessed September 26, 2014
  145. ↑ 145.0 145.1 GovTrack, "Joseph Crowley," accessed August 7, 2014
  146. ↑ OpenCongress, "Joseph Crowley," archived March 4, 2016
  147. ↑ LegiStorm, "Joseph Crowley," accessed October 2, 2012
  148. ↑ National Journal, "2013 Congressional Vote Ratings," accessed August 7, 2014
  149. ↑ National Journal, "2012 Congressional Vote Ratings," accessed March 7, 2013
  150. ↑ National Journal, "Searchable Vote Ratings Tables: House," accessed February 23, 2012
  151. ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
  152. ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
  153. ↑ Ballotpedia's list of superdelegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention is based on our own research and lists provided by the Democratic National Committee to Vox.com in February 2016 and May 2016. If you think we made an error in identifying superdelegates, please send an email to [email protected].
  154. ↑ FiveThirtyEight, “The Endorsement Primary,” accessed July 6, 2016
  155. ↑ To find out which candidate a superdelegate supported, Ballotpedia sought out public statements from the superdelegate in other media outlets and on social media. If we were unable to find a public statement that clearly articulated which candidate the superdelegate supported at the national convention, we listed that superdelegate as "unknown." If you believe we made an error in identifying which candidate a superdelegate supported, please email us at [email protected].
  156. ↑ Congressional Research Service, "The Presidential Nominating Process and the National Party Conventions, 2016: Frequently Asked Questions," December 30, 2015
  157. ↑ CNN, "New York Exit Poll," accessed April 19, 2016
  158. ↑ 158.0 158.1 Democratic National Committee, "2016 Democratic National Convention Delegate/Alternate Allocation," updated February 19, 2016
  159. ↑ The Green Papers, "2016 Democratic Convention," accessed May 7, 2021
  160. ↑ Democratic National Committee's Office of Party Affairs and Delegate Selection, "Unpledged Delegates -- By State," May 27, 2016
  161. ↑ Congressman Joseph Crowley, Proudly Serving the 7th District of New York, "Full Biography," accessed December 10, 2011
Political offices
Preceded by
Carolyn B. Maloney 		U.S. House of Representatives - New York District 14
2013-2019 		Succeeded by
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
Preceded by
Thomas Manton 		U.S. House of Representatives - New York District 7
1999-2013 		Succeeded by
Nydia Velazquez
Preceded by
Ralph Goldstein 		New York State Assembly - District 30
1987-1999 		Succeeded by
Margaret Markey


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