Missouri House of Representatives elections, 2018
- General election: Nov. 6
- Voter registration deadline: Oct. 10
- Early voting: N/A
- Absentee voting deadline: Nov. 6
- Online registration: Yes
- Same-day registration: No
- Voter ID: Non-photo ID required
- Poll times: 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.
| 2018 Missouri House elections | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General | November 6, 2018 |
| Primary | August 7, 2018 |
| Past election results |
| 2016・2014・2012・2010・2008 2006・2004・2002・2000 |
| 2018 elections | |
|---|---|
| Choose a chamber below: | |
Republicans held their veto-proof majority in the 2018 elections for Missouri House of Representatives, winning 116 seats to Democrats' 47 seats. All 163 House seats were up for election in 2018. At the time of the election, Republicans held a 109-45 majority.
The Republican Party maintained its trifecta in Missouri by holding its majorities in the state Senate and House. The governor's office, held by Eric Greitens (R), was not up for election.
The Missouri House of Representatives was one of 87 state legislative chambers with elections in 2018. There are 99 chambers throughout the country.
Missouri state representatives serve two-year terms, with all seats up for election every two years.
Post-election analysis
- See also: State legislative elections, 2018
The Republican Party maintained supermajority status in both chambers of the Missouri General Assembly in the 2018 election. In the state Senate, 17 out of 34 seats were up for election. Republicans increased their supermajority in the Missouri State Senate from 23-10 to 24-10. One seat was vacant before the election. One Democratic incumbent was defeated in the primary and no incumbents were defeated in the general election.
The Missouri House of Representatives held elections for all 163 seats. The Republican majority in the House of Representatives increased from 109-45 to 116-47. Nine seats were vacant before the election. One Democratic incumbent and two Republican incumbents were defeated in the general election.
National background
On November 6, 2018, 87 of the nation's 99 state legislative chambers held regularly scheduled elections for 6,073 of 7,383 total seats, meaning that nearly 82 percent of all state legislative seats were up for election.
- Entering the 2018 election, Democrats held 42.6 percent, Republicans held 56.8 percent, and independents and other parties held 0.6 percent of the seats up for regular election.
- Following the 2018 election, Democrats held 47.3 percent, Republicans held 52.3 percent, and independents and other parties held 0.4 percent of the seats up for regular election.
- A total of 469 incumbents were defeated over the course of the election cycle, with roughly one-third of them defeated in the primary.
Want more information?
- Incumbents defeated in 2018's state legislative elections
- 2018 election analysis: Partisan balance of state legislative chambers
- 2018 election analysis: Number of state legislators by party
- 2018 election analysis: State legislative supermajorities
Candidates
General election candidates
Missouri House of Representatives General Elections 2018 |
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| Office |  Democratic |
 Republican |
Other |
| District 1 |
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| District 2 |
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| District 3 |
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| District 4 |
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| District 5 |
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| District 6 |
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| District 7 |
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| District 8 |
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| District 9 |
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| District 10 |
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| District 11 |
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| District 12 |
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| District 13 |
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| District 14 |
Kevin Corlew (i) |
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| District 15 |
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| District 16 |
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| District 17 |
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| District 18 |
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| District 19 |
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Val Engholm (Green Party) |
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| District 20 |
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| District 21 |
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| District 22 |
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| District 23 |
Jeff Francis (Independent) |
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| District 24 |
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| District 25 |
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| District 26 |
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| District 27 |
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| District 28 |
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Jeremy Utterback (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 29 |
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| District 30 |
Brad Eichstadt (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 31 |
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| District 32 |
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| District 33 |
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| District 34 |
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| District 35 |
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| District 36 |
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Timothy Peterman (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 37 |
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| District 38 |
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| District 39 |
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| District 40 |
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| District 41 |
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| District 42 |
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| District 43 |
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| District 44 |
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| District 45 |
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| District 46 |
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William Hastings (Green Party) |
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| District 47 |
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| District 48 |
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| District 49 |
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| District 50 |
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| District 51 |
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Bill Wayne (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 52 |
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| District 53 |
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| District 54 |
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| District 55 |
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| District 56 |
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| District 57 |
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| District 58 |
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| District 59 |
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| District 60 |
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| District 61 |
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| District 62 |
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| District 63 |
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Carl Herman Freese (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 64 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 65 |
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| District 66 |
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| District 67 |
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| District 68 |
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| District 69 |
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Eric Harris (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 70 |
Mark Matthiesen (i) |
Carol Hexem (Green Party) |
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| District 71 |
LaDonna Higgins (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 72 |
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| District 73 |
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| District 74 |
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| District 75 |
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| District 76 |
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| District 77 |
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| District 78 |
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| District 79 |
Daniel Elder (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 80 |
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| District 81 |
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| District 82 |
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| District 83 |
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Andrew Bolin (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 84 |
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| District 85 |
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| District 86 |
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| District 87 |
Robert Warbin (Green Party) |
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| District 88 |
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Stephen Johnson (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 89 |
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| District 90 |
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| District 91 |
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James Scariot (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 92 |
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| District 93 |
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| District 94 |
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| District 95 |
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| District 96 |
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| District 97 |
Mike Revis (i) |
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| District 98 |
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| District 99 |
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| District 100 |
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| District 101 |
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| District 102 |
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| District 103 |
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| District 104 |
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| District 105 |
Bill Slantz (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 106 |
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| District 107 |
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| District 108 |
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| District 109 |
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| District 110 |
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| District 111 |
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| District 112 |
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| District 113 |
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| District 114 |
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| District 115 |
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| District 116 |
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| District 117 |
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| District 118 |
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| District 119 |
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| District 120 |
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| District 121 |
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| District 122 |
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| District 123 |
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| District 124 |
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| District 125 |
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| District 126 |
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Stephen Biles (Constitution Party) |
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| District 127 |
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| District 128 |
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| District 129 |
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| District 130 |
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| District 131 |
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| District 132 |
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| District 133 |
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| District 134 |
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| District 135 |
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| District 136 |
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| District 137 |
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| District 138 |
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| District 139 |
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| District 140 |
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Robert Debbaut (Green Party) |
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| District 141 |
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| District 142 |
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| District 143 |
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| District 144 |
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| District 145 |
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| District 146 |
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| District 147 |
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| District 148 |
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| District 149 |
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Jackie Townes McGee (Independent) |
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| District 150 |
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| District 151 |
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Rick Vandeven (Libertarian Party) |
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| District 152 |
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| District 153 |
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| District 154 |
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| District 155 |
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| District 156 |
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| District 157 |
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| District 158 |
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| District 159 |
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| District 160 |
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| District 161 |
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| District 162 |
Mollie Dyer (Green Party) |
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| District 163 |
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Primary candidates
The candidate list below is based on a list provided by the Missouri Secretary of State website on March 28, 2018. The filing deadline for the August primary was on March 27, 2018. The filing deadline for Districts 86 and 160 was extended until April 6, 2018.[2]
Missouri House of Representatives Primary Elections 2018 |
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| Office | Democratic |
Republican |
Other |
| District 1 |
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| District 2 |
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| District 3 |
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| District 4 |
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| District 5 |
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| District 6 |
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| District 7 |
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| District 8 |
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| District 9 |
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| District 10 |
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| District 11 |
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| District 12 |
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| District 13 |
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| District 14 |
Did not make the ballot: |
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| District 15 |
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| District 16 |
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| District 17 |
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| District 18 |
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| District 19 |
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Green Party  Val Engholm |
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| District 20 |
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| District 21 |
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| District 22 |
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| District 23 |
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| District 24 |
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| District 25 |
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| District 26 |
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| District 27 |
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| District 28 |
Libertarian Party Jeremy Utterback |
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| District 29 |
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| District 30 |
Libertarian Party Brad Eichstadt |
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| District 31 |
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| District 32 |
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| District 33 |
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| District 34 |
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| District 35 |
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| District 36 |
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Libertarian Party Timothy Peterman |
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| District 37 |
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| District 38 |
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| District 39 |
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| District 40 |
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| District 41 |
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| District 42 |
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| District 43 |
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| District 44 |
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| District 45 |
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| District 46 |
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Green Party William Hastings |
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| District 47 |
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| District 48 |
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| District 49 |
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| District 50 |
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| District 51 |
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Libertarian Party Bill Wayne |
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| District 52 |
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| District 53 |
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| District 54 |
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| District 55 |
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| District 56 |
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| District 57 |
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| District 58 |
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| District 59 |
Rik Combs |
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| District 60 |
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| District 61 |
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| District 62 |
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| District 63 |
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Libertarian Party Carl Herman Freese |
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| District 64 |
The Democratic primary was canceled. |
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| District 65 |
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| District 66 |
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| District 67 |
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| District 68 |
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| District 69 |
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Libertarian Party Eric Harris |
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| District 70 |
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Green Party Carol Hexem |
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| District 71 |
Libertarian Party LaDonna Higgins |
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| District 72 |
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| District 73 |
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| District 74 |
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| District 75 |
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| District 76 |
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| District 77 |
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| District 78 |
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| District 79 |
Libertarian Party Daniel Elder |
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| District 80 |
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| District 81 |
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| District 82 |
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| District 83 |
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Libertarian Party Andrew Bolin |
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| District 84 |
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| District 85 |
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| District 86 |
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| District 87 |
Green Party Robert Warbin  |
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| District 88 |
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Libertarian Party Stephen Johnson |
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| District 89 |
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| District 90 |
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| District 91 |
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Libertarian Party James Scariot |
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| District 92 |
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| District 93 |
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| District 94 |
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| District 95 |
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| District 96 |
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| District 97 |
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| District 98 |
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| District 99 |
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| District 100 |
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| District 101 |
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| District 102 |
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| District 103 |
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| District 104 |
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| District 105 |
Libertarian Party Bill Slantz |
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| District 106 |
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| District 107 |
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| District 108 |
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| District 109 |
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| District 110 |
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| District 111 |
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| District 112 |
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| District 113 |
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| District 114 |
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| District 115 |
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| District 116 |
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| District 117 |
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| District 118 |
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| District 119 |
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| District 120 |
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| District 121 |
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| District 122 |
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| District 123 |
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| District 124 |
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| District 125 |
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| District 126 |
Constitution Party Stephen Biles |
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| District 127 |
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| District 128 |
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| District 129 |
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| District 130 |
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| District 131 |
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| District 132 |
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| District 133 |
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| District 134 |
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| District 135 |
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| District 136 |
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| District 137 |
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| District 138 |
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| District 139 |
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| District 140 |
Green Party Robert Debbaut |
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| District 141 |
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| District 142 |
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| District 143 |
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| District 144 |
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| District 145 |
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| District 146 |
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| District 147 |
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| District 148 |
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| District 149 |
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| District 150 |
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| District 151 |
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Libertarian Party Rick Vandeven |
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| District 152 |
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| District 153 |
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| District 154 |
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| District 155 |
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| District 156 |
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| District 157 |
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| District 158 |
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| District 159 |
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| District 160 |
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| District 161 |
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| District 162 |
Green Party Mollie Dyer |
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| District 163 |
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Margins of victory
A margin of victory (MOV) analysis for the 2018 Missouri House of Representatives races is presented in this section. MOV represents the percentage of total votes that separated the winner and the second-place finisher. For example, if the winner of a race received 47 percent of the vote and the second-place finisher received 45 percent of the vote, the MOV is 2 percent.
The table below presents the following figures for each party:
- Elections won
- Elections won by less than 10 percentage points
- Elections won without opposition
- Average margin of victory[3]
| Missouri House of Representatives: 2018 Margin of Victory Analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Elections won | Elections won by less than 10% | Unopposed elections | Average margin of victory[3] |
| Democratic |
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| Republican |
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 Other |
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| Total | ||||
The margin of victory in each race is presented below. The list is sorted from the closest MOV to the largest (including unopposed races).
Seats flipped
The below map displays each seat in the Missouri House of Representatives which changed partisan hands as a result of the 2018 elections, shaded according to the partisan affiliation of the winner in 2018. Hover over a shaded district for more information.
| State legislative seats flipped in 2018, Missouri House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| District | Incumbent | 2018 winner | Direction of flip |
| Missouri House of Representatives District 10 | Pat Conway |
Bill Falkner |
D to R |
| Missouri House of Representatives District 118 | Ben Harris |
Mike McGirl |
D to R |
| Missouri House of Representatives District 14 | Kevin Corlew |
Matt Sain |
R to D |
| Missouri House of Representatives District 35 | Gary Cross |
Keri Ingle |
R to D |
| Missouri House of Representatives District 70 | Mark Matthiesen |
Paula Brown |
R to D |
| Missouri House of Representatives District 97 | Mike Revis |
Mary Coleman |
D to R |
Incumbents retiring
Fifty-six incumbents did not run for re-election in 2018.[4] Those incumbents were:
| Name | Party | Office | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nate Walker |  Republican |
House District 3 | Filed for different office |
| Craig Redmon | Republican |
House District 4 | Term limited |
| Lindell Shumake | Republican |
House District 5 | Term limited |
| Delus Johnson | Republican |
House District 9 | Term limited |
| Pat Conway |  Democratic |
House District 10 | Term limited |
| Galen Higdon | Republican |
House District 11 | Term limited |
| Nick Marshall | Republican |
House District 13 | Term limited |
| Lauren Arthur | Democratic |
House District 18 | Filed for different office |
| Ira Anders | Democratic |
House District 21 | Term limited |
| Gail Beatty | Democratic |
House District 26 | Term limited |
| Mike Cierpiot | Republican |
House District 30 | Vacated before term end |
| Jeanie Lauer | Republican |
House District 32 | Term limited |
| Gary Cross | Republican |
House District 35 | Term limited |
| T.J. Berry | Republican |
House District 38 | Term limited |
| Bart Korman | Republican |
House District 42 | Term limited |
| Jay Houghton | Republican |
House District 43 | Term limited |
| Nathan Beard | Republican |
House District 52 | Retired |
| Rick Brattin | Republican |
House District 55 | Term limited |
| Wanda Brown | Republican |
House District 57 | Term limited |
| Mike Bernskoetter | Republican |
House District 59 | Term limited |
| Jay Barnes | Republican |
House District 60 | Term limited |
| Justin Alferman | Republican |
House District 61 | Withdrew |
| Robert Cornejo | Republican |
House District 64 | Withdrew |
| Sue Meredith | Democratic |
House District 71 | Retired |
| Mary Nichols | Democratic |
House District 72 | Term limited |
| Courtney Curtis | Democratic |
House District 73 | Retired |
| Joshua Peters | Democratic |
House District 76 | Retired |
| Michael Butler | Democratic |
House District 79 | Filed for different office |
| Fred Wessels | Democratic |
House District 81 | Retired |
| Karla May | Democratic |
House District 84 | Term limited |
| Clem Smith | Democratic |
House District 85 | Term limited |
| Joe Adams | Democratic |
House District 86 | Filed for different office |
| Stacey Newman | Democratic |
House District 87 | Term limited |
| Cloria Brown | Republican |
House District 94 | Death |
| Marsha Haefner | Republican |
House District 95 | Term limited |
| Kurt Bahr | Republican |
House District 102 | Term limited |
| Kathie Conway | Republican |
House District 104 | Term limited |
| Paul Curtman | Republican |
House District 109 | Term limited |
| Kirk Mathews | Republican |
House District 110 | Retired |
| Kevin Engler | Republican |
House District 116 | Term limited |
| Ben Harris | Democratic |
House District 118 | Term limited |
| Keith Frederick | Republican |
House District 121 | Term limited |
| Diane Franklin | Republican |
House District 123 | Term limited |
| Mike Kelley | Republican |
House District 127 | Term limited |
| Kevin Austin | Republican |
House District 136 | Retired |
| Lyndall Fraker | Republican |
House District 137 | Term limited |
| Don Phillips | Republican |
House District 138 | Term limited |
| Donna Lichtenegger | Republican |
House District 146 | Term limited |
| Todd Richardson | Republican |
House District 152 | Term limited |
| Steve Cookson | Republican |
House District 153 | Term limited |
| Shawn Rhoads | Republican |
House District 154 | Retired |
| Lyle Rowland | Republican |
House District 155 | Term limited |
| Bill Lant | Republican |
House District 159 | Term limited |
| Bill Reiboldt | Republican |
House District 160 | Term limited |
| Bill White | Republican |
House District 161 | Term limited |
| Charlie Davis | Republican |
House District 162 | Term limited |
Process to become a candidate
See statutes: Missouri Revised Statutes, Section 115.307 - Section 115.305
For state-recognized political party candidates
A political party candidate seeking placement on the primary ballot must file a declaration of candidacy with the appropriate election official by 5:00 p.m. on the last Tuesday in March immediately preceding the primary. The declaration of candidacy cannot be submitted prior to 8:00 a.m. on the last Tuesday in February immediately preceding the primary. The declaration must state the candidate's name, residential address, office being sought, and political party.[5][6]
Before filing a declaration of candidacy, a candidate must pay a filing fee to the treasurer of the state or county committee of the political party whose nomination he or she is seeking in the primary. Filing fees vary according to the office being sought and are as follows:[5][7]
| Filing fees | |
|---|---|
| Office | Filing fee |
| Statewide offices (e.g., governor, secretary of state, etc.), United States Senator | $500 |
| United States Representative, State senator | $300 |
| State representative | $150 |
A candidate must also file an affidavit with the Missouri Department of Revenue affirming that, to the best of his or her knowledge, the candidate is not delinquent in the payment of any state-owed taxes (e.g., income tax, property tax, etc.).[5][8]
A candidate is required to file for office in person. In addition to completing the declaration of candidacy, a candidate must present proof of identity, a receipt for the payment of any filing fees, and a copy of the affidavit filed with the Missouri Department of Revenue. A candidate may file for office by certified mail if he or she is unable to appear in person due to a physical disability or is a member of the armed forces on active duty. Filing paperwork submitted via mail must be certified by a notary public.[5][9]
If a candidate is unable to pay the required filing fees, he or she may have the fee waived by filing a "Declaration of Inability to Pay" and a petition with his or her declaration of candidacy. If the candidate is filing for statewide office, the petition must be signed by a number of registered voters in the state equal to at least one-half of 1 percent of the total number of votes cast in the state for the office being sought at the last election in which a candidate ran for the office. If the candidate is filing for any other office, the petition must be signed by a number of registered voters in the district or political subdivision equal to at least 1 percent of the total number of votes cast for the office being sought at the last election in which a candidate ran for the office.[5][9]
Candidates for federal, statewide, and state legislative offices must file with the Missouri Secretary of State.[10]
For independent candidates
Like political party candidates, an independent candidate seeking placement on the general election ballot must file a declaration of candidacy and an affidavit affirming that he or she is not delinquent in the payment of any state-owed taxes. The candidate is required to file in person (with the same aforementioned exceptions). Independent candidates, however, are not liable for the payment of any filing fees.[11][12]
Independents must submit nominating petitions with their filing paperwork. Signature requirements vary according to the office being sought. For any statewide office, a nominating petition must be signed by at least 10,000 registered voters of the state. If the candidate seeks a district-level office, the petition must be signed by a number of registered voters in the district equal to at least 2 percent of the total number of votes cast at the last election for the office being sought, or 10,000 signatures, whichever is less.[11][12]
The candidate must file all required paperwork (including petitions) by 5:00 p.m. on the 15th Monday immediately preceding the general election for which the petition is submitted. Paperwork cannot be submitted prior to 8:00 a.m. on the day immediately following the general election next preceding the general election for which the petition is submitted.[11][13]
Candidates for federal, statewide, and state legislative offices must file with the Missouri Secretary of State.[10][11]
For write-in candidates
In order to have his or her votes tallied, a write-in candidate must file a declaration of intent with the proper election official by 5:00 p.m. on the second Friday immediately preceding the election. Write-in candidates are not permitted on the primary ballot.[14][15]
Write-in candidates for federal, statewide, and state legislative office must file with the Missouri Secretary of State.[10]
Qualifications
To be eligible to serve in the Missouri House of Representatives, a candidate must be:[16]
| “ |
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Salaries and per diem
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislative salaries, 2024[18] | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $41,070.14/year | $132.80/day |
When sworn in
Missouri legislators assume office the first day of the legislative session, which is the first Wednesday after the first Monday in January at 12:00pm.[19]
Missouri political history
Party control
2018
In the 2018 elections, Republicans increased their majority in the Missouri House of Representatives from 109-45 to 116-47.
| Missouri House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 6, 2018 | After November 7, 2018 | |
| Democratic Party | 45 | 47 | |
| Republican Party | 109 | 116 | |
| Vacancy | 9 | 0 | |
| Total | 163 | 163 | |
2016
In the 2016 elections, Republicans kept control of the Missouri House of Representatives. Democrats gained one seat in the election.
| Missouri House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 7, 2016 | After November 8, 2016 | |
| Democratic Party | 45 | 46 | |
| Republican Party | 115 | 117 | |
| Independent | 1 | 0 | |
| Vacancy | 2 | 0 | |
| Total | 163 | 163 | |
Trifectas
A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Democrats in Missouri held a state government trifecta for eight years between 1992 and 2017. During that same period of time, Republicans held a trifecta for five years.
Missouri Party Control: 1992-2024
Eight years of Democratic trifectas • Twelve years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Senate | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| House | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Impact of term limits
The Missouri House of Representatives has been a term-limited state house since Missouri voters approved Amendment 12 in 1992. Amendment 12 created Section 8 of Article III of the Missouri Constitution, limiting members of the state House to four two-year terms during their lifetime. (Section 8 was later amended by Amendment 3 in 2002 so that it does not apply to partial terms.)
All 163 seats in the Missouri House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. In the 2018 elections, 44 representatives were ineligible to run because of term limits. The following state representatives were term limited in 2018:
Democratic: (8)
Republicans (36):
- Craig Redmon
- Lindell Shumake
- Delus Johnson
- Galen Higdon
- Nick Marshall
- Mike Cierpiot[20]
- Jeanie Lauer
- Gary Cross
- T.J. Berry
- Bart Korman
- Jay Houghton
- Rick Brattin
- Wanda Brown
- Mike Bernskoetter
- Jay Barnes
- Marsha Haefner
- John McCaherty[21]
- Kurt Bahr
- Kathie Conway
- Paul Curtman
- Keith Frederick
- Diane Franklin
- Mike Kelley
- Sandy Crawford[22]
- Lyndall Fraker
- Don Phillips
- Paul Fitzwater[23]
- Donna Lichtenegger
- Todd Richardson[24]
- Steve Cookson
- Lyle Rowland
- Bill Lant
- Bill Reiboldt
- Bill White
- Charlie Davis
- Kevin Engler
Of the 87 state legislative chambers that held elections in 2018, 24 of them—12 senate chambers and 12 house chambers—included incumbents who were unable to run for re-election due to term limits.[25] In the 24 chambers affected by term limits in 2018, 1,463 seats were up for election.[26] The Nevada Senate, Arkansas House, and Arkansas Senate are impacted by term limits, but no incumbents were term-limited in 2018. There are 99 chambers throughout the country.
A total of 271 state legislators—96 state senators and 175 state representatives—were ineligible to run in the 2018 elections because of term limits. This represented 4 percent of the 6,066 total seats up for election in November 2018.[27][28] Republicans had twice as many state legislators term-limited in 2018 than Democrats. A total of 86 Democrats were term-limited, while 177 Republicans were term-limited.
Wave election analysis
- See also: Wave elections (1918-2016)
The term wave election is frequently used to describe an election cycle in which one party makes significant electoral gains. How many seats would Republicans have had to lose for the 2018 midterm election to be considered a wave election?
Ballotpedia examined the results of the 50 election cycles that occurred between 1918 and 2016—spanning from President Woodrow Wilson's (D) second midterm in 1918 to Donald Trump's (R) first presidential election in 2016. We define wave elections as the 20 percent of elections in that period resulting in the greatest seat swings against the president's party.
Applying this definition to state legislative elections, we found that Republicans needed to lose 494 seats for 2018 to qualify as a wave election.
The chart below shows the number of seats the president's party lost in the 10 state legislative waves from 1918 to 2016. Click here to read the full report.
| State legislative wave elections | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | President | Party | Election type | State legislative seats change | Elections analyzed[29] | |
| 1932 | Hoover | R | Presidential | -1,022 | 7,365 | |
| 1922 | Harding | R | First midterm | -907 | 6,907 | |
| 1966 | Johnson | D | First midterm[30] | -782 | 7,561 | |
| 1938 | Roosevelt | D | Second midterm | -769 | 7,179 | |
| 1958 | Eisenhower | R | Second midterm | -702 | 7,627 | |
| 2010 | Obama | D | First midterm | -702 | 7,306 | |
| 1974 | Ford | R | Second midterm[31] | -695 | 7,481 | |
| 1920 | Wilson | D | Presidential | -654 | 6,835 | |
| 1930 | Hoover | R | Presidential | -640 | 7,361 | |
| 1954 | Eisenhower | R | First midterm | -494 | 7,513 | |
Competitiveness
Every year, Ballotpedia uses official candidate lists from each state to examine the competitiveness of every state legislative race in the country. Nationally, there has been a steady decline in electoral competitiveness since 2010. Most notable is that the number of districts with general election competition has dropped by more than 10 percent.
Results from 2016
Click here to read the full study »
Historical context
Uncontested elections: In 2014, 32.8 percent of Americans lived in states with an uncontested state senate election. Similarly, 40.4 percent of Americans lived in states with uncontested house elections. Primary elections were uncontested even more frequently, with 61 percent of people living in states with no contested primaries. Uncontested elections often occur in locations that are so politically one-sided that the result of an election would be a foregone conclusion regardless of whether it was contested or not.
Open seats: In most cases, an incumbent will run for re-election, which decreases the number of open seats available. In 2014, 83 percent of the 6,057 seats up for election saw the incumbent running for re-election. The states that impose term limits on their legislatures typically see a higher percentage of open seats in a given year because a portion of incumbents in each election are forced to leave office. Overall, the number of open seats decreased from 2012 to 2014, dropping from 21.2 percent in 2012 to 17.0 percent in 2014.
Incumbent win rates: Ballotpedia's competitiveness analysis of elections between 1972 and 2014 documented the high propensity for incumbents to win re-election in state legislative elections. In fact, since 1972, the win rate for incumbents had not dropped below 90 percent—with the exception of 1974, when 88 percent of incumbents were re-elected to their seats. Perhaps most importantly, the win rate for incumbents generally increased over time. In 2014, 96.5 percent of incumbents were able to retain their seats. Common convention holds that incumbents are able to leverage their office to maintain their seat. However, the high incumbent win rate may actually be a result of incumbents being more likely to hold seats in districts that are considered safe for their party.
Marginal primaries: Often, competitiveness is measured by examining the rate of elections that have been won by amounts that are considered marginal (5 percent or less). During the 2014 election, 90.1 percent of primary and general election races were won by margins higher than 5 percent. Interestingly, it is usually the case that only one of the two races—primary or general—will be competitive at a time. This means that if a district's general election is competitive, typically one or more of the district's primaries were won by more than 5 percent. The reverse is also true: If a district sees a competitive primary, it is unlikely that the general election for that district will be won by less than 5 percent. Primaries often see very low voter turnout in comparison to general elections. In 2014, there were only 27 million voters for state legislative primaries, but approximately 107 million voters for the state legislative general elections.
Pivot Counties
- See also: Pivot Counties by state
There are no Pivot Counties in Missouri. Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.
In the 2016 presidential election, Donald Trump (R) won Missouri with 56.8 percent of the vote. Hillary Clinton (D) received 38.1 percent. In presidential elections between 1820 and 2016, Missouri voted Democratic 60 percent of the time and Republican 36 percent of the time. In the five presidential elections between 2000 and 2016, Missouri voted Republican all five times.[32]
Presidential results by legislative district
The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state House districts in Missouri. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[33][34]
| In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won 43 out of 163 state House districts in Missouri with an average margin of victory of 42.1 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 43 out of 163 state House districts in Missouri with an average margin of victory of 42.3 points. Clinton won two districts controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections. |
| In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won 120 out of 163 state House districts in Missouri with an average margin of victory of 28.3 points. In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won 120 out of 163 state House districts in Missouri with an average margin of victory of 39.8 points. Trump won four districts controlled by Democrats heading into the 2018 elections. |
| 2016 presidential results by state House district | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Obama | Romney | 2012 Margin | Clinton | Trump | 2016 Margin | Party Control |
| 1 | 32.04% | 65.70% | R+33.7 | 23.21% | 71.82% | R+48.6 | R |
| 2 | 29.11% | 68.37% | R+39.3 | 18.22% | 77.17% | R+58.9 | R |
| 3 | 36.98% | 60.40% | R+23.4 | 28.44% | 66.83% | R+38.4 | R |
| 4 | 36.39% | 60.98% | R+24.6 | 20.37% | 75.59% | R+55.2 | R |
| 5 | 32.79% | 65.39% | R+32.6 | 22.37% | 73.86% | R+51.5 | R |
| 6 | 32.16% | 65.56% | R+33.4 | 22.08% | 73.71% | R+51.6 | R |
| 7 | 31.65% | 65.57% | R+33.9 | 19.56% | 76.25% | R+56.7 | R |
| 8 | 35.79% | 61.61% | R+25.8 | 23.95% | 70.41% | R+46.5 | R |
| 9 | 34.60% | 63.39% | R+28.8 | 26.94% | 68.17% | R+41.2 | R |
| 10 | 50.19% | 47.16% | D+3 | 39.22% | 53.18% | R+14 | D |
| 11 | 43.38% | 53.92% | R+10.5 | 30.42% | 63.56% | R+33.1 | R |
| 12 | 37.20% | 60.93% | R+23.7 | 31.35% | 63.12% | R+31.8 | R |
| 13 | 39.45% | 58.95% | R+19.5 | 39.73% | 54.44% | R+14.7 | R |
| 14 | 47.29% | 51.12% | R+3.8 | 47.62% | 46.38% | D+1.2 | R |
| 15 | 49.87% | 47.99% | D+1.9 | 47.19% | 46.22% | D+1 | D |
| 16 | 40.63% | 57.87% | R+17.2 | 40.67% | 53.57% | R+12.9 | R |
| 17 | 47.93% | 49.73% | R+1.8 | 43.14% | 49.84% | R+6.7 | D |
| 18 | 53.60% | 44.12% | D+9.5 | 51.64% | 41.89% | D+9.8 | D |
| 19 | 67.20% | 30.31% | D+36.9 | 62.62% | 31.57% | D+31 | D |
| 20 | 44.19% | 53.35% | R+9.2 | 33.67% | 59.95% | R+26.3 | R |
| 21 | 48.06% | 49.62% | R+1.6 | 41.99% | 51.24% | R+9.2 | D |
| 22 | 87.84% | 11.29% | D+76.6 | 82.46% | 13.76% | D+68.7 | D |
| 23 | 93.66% | 5.77% | D+87.9 | 88.79% | 7.90% | D+80.9 | D |
| 24 | 80.14% | 17.61% | D+62.5 | 80.82% | 13.12% | D+67.7 | D |
| 25 | 64.74% | 33.81% | D+30.9 | 70.87% | 23.52% | D+47.3 | D |
| 26 | 89.47% | 9.61% | D+79.9 | 87.67% | 8.60% | D+79.1 | D |
| 27 | 83.11% | 16.02% | D+67.1 | 79.84% | 16.39% | D+63.5 | D |
| 28 | 60.04% | 37.98% | D+22.1 | 57.30% | 37.43% | D+19.9 | D |
| 29 | 50.35% | 47.90% | D+2.5 | 47.10% | 47.36% | R+0.3 | D |
| 30 | 41.77% | 56.80% | R+15 | 42.87% | 52.37% | R+9.5 | R |
| 31 | 41.89% | 56.06% | R+14.2 | 37.13% | 56.61% | R+19.5 | R |
| 32 | 36.75% | 61.69% | R+24.9 | 32.11% | 62.33% | R+30.2 | R |
| 33 | 33.61% | 64.40% | R+30.8 | 26.00% | 68.90% | R+42.9 | R |
| 34 | 38.59% | 59.89% | R+21.3 | 39.06% | 55.18% | R+16.1 | R |
| 35 | 45.76% | 52.62% | R+6.9 | 46.39% | 47.86% | R+1.5 | R |
| 36 | 64.52% | 34.34% | D+30.2 | 63.12% | 32.17% | D+30.9 | D |
| 37 | 55.42% | 43.24% | D+12.2 | 52.86% | 42.34% | D+10.5 | D |
| 38 | 40.05% | 58.13% | R+18.1 | 34.96% | 59.08% | R+24.1 | R |
| 39 | 36.54% | 61.11% | R+24.6 | 24.45% | 70.95% | R+46.5 | R |
| 40 | 34.56% | 63.42% | R+28.9 | 22.51% | 73.96% | R+51.5 | R |
| 41 | 33.99% | 63.43% | R+29.4 | 22.43% | 72.76% | R+50.3 | R |
| 42 | 33.55% | 64.46% | R+30.9 | 23.28% | 72.55% | R+49.3 | R |
| 43 | 34.21% | 63.36% | R+29.1 | 24.43% | 70.37% | R+45.9 | R |
| 44 | 43.51% | 53.49% | R+10 | 38.05% | 54.07% | R+16 | R |
| 45 | 61.22% | 35.75% | D+25.5 | 59.76% | 32.21% | D+27.5 | D |
| 46 | 56.84% | 40.60% | D+16.2 | 60.06% | 32.92% | D+27.1 | D |
| 47 | 43.59% | 53.79% | R+10.2 | 41.34% | 51.63% | R+10.3 | R |
| 48 | 33.63% | 64.07% | R+30.4 | 24.02% | 70.88% | R+46.9 | R |
| 49 | 33.37% | 64.57% | R+31.2 | 27.21% | 67.14% | R+39.9 | R |
| 50 | 37.65% | 60.00% | R+22.3 | 36.72% | 57.51% | R+20.8 | R |
| 51 | 39.89% | 57.59% | R+17.7 | 30.22% | 63.32% | R+33.1 | R |
| 52 | 36.97% | 60.45% | R+23.5 | 26.53% | 67.54% | R+41 | R |
| 53 | 35.17% | 62.69% | R+27.5 | 25.28% | 69.68% | R+44.4 | R |
| 54 | 34.83% | 62.46% | R+27.6 | 25.65% | 68.40% | R+42.8 | R |
| 55 | 33.16% | 65.23% | R+32.1 | 29.21% | 65.54% | R+36.3 | R |
| 56 | 37.67% | 60.09% | R+22.4 | 31.94% | 61.49% | R+29.5 | R |
| 57 | 32.66% | 64.87% | R+32.2 | 21.67% | 74.19% | R+52.5 | R |
| 58 | 29.14% | 68.67% | R+39.5 | 18.77% | 77.84% | R+59.1 | R |
| 59 | 25.50% | 73.08% | R+47.6 | 21.62% | 74.26% | R+52.6 | R |
| 60 | 40.31% | 57.95% | R+17.6 | 38.04% | 56.67% | R+18.6 | R |
| 61 | 29.60% | 68.70% | R+39.1 | 21.47% | 74.52% | R+53.1 | R |
| 62 | 25.25% | 72.82% | R+47.6 | 16.85% | 79.86% | R+63 | R |
| 63 | 36.01% | 62.54% | R+26.5 | 28.27% | 67.21% | R+38.9 | R |
| 64 | 36.53% | 61.49% | R+25 | 28.02% | 67.41% | R+39.4 | R |
| 65 | 44.10% | 53.73% | R+9.6 | 39.09% | 55.12% | R+16 | R |
| 66 | 89.44% | 9.97% | D+79.5 | 86.60% | 11.08% | D+75.5 | D |
| 67 | 82.02% | 17.23% | D+64.8 | 81.39% | 15.76% | D+65.6 | D |
| 68 | 67.12% | 31.46% | D+35.7 | 64.92% | 30.31% | D+34.6 | D |
| 69 | 60.17% | 38.22% | D+21.9 | 57.88% | 37.44% | D+20.4 | D |
| 70 | 48.02% | 50.51% | R+2.5 | 47.82% | 47.06% | D+0.8 | R |
| 71 | 57.48% | 40.71% | D+16.8 | 57.73% | 36.87% | D+20.9 | D |
| 72 | 57.80% | 40.30% | D+17.5 | 52.30% | 41.87% | D+10.4 | D |
| 73 | 83.56% | 15.27% | D+68.3 | 77.64% | 18.55% | D+59.1 | D |
| 74 | 81.89% | 17.08% | D+64.8 | 77.97% | 18.23% | D+59.7 | D |
| 75 | 94.12% | 5.36% | D+88.8 | 92.25% | 5.61% | D+86.6 | D |
| 76 | 98.95% | 0.83% | D+98.1 | 96.81% | 1.63% | D+95.2 | D |
| 77 | 90.86% | 8.52% | D+82.3 | 89.47% | 7.52% | D+81.9 | D |
| 78 | 87.25% | 11.43% | D+75.8 | 83.50% | 11.60% | D+71.9 | D |
| 79 | 88.10% | 10.89% | D+77.2 | 87.25% | 8.68% | D+78.6 | D |
| 80 | 79.81% | 18.20% | D+61.6 | 77.86% | 16.56% | D+61.3 | D |
| 81 | 74.58% | 23.51% | D+51.1 | 70.04% | 24.84% | D+45.2 | D |
| 82 | 61.35% | 36.62% | D+24.7 | 61.74% | 32.37% | D+29.4 | D |
| 83 | 65.35% | 32.40% | D+32.9 | 65.49% | 27.91% | D+37.6 | D |
| 84 | 87.74% | 11.29% | D+76.4 | 85.75% | 10.26% | D+75.5 | D |
| 85 | 83.85% | 14.94% | D+68.9 | 78.91% | 17.39% | D+61.5 | D |
| 86 | 88.19% | 10.91% | D+77.3 | 86.59% | 9.76% | D+76.8 | D |
| 87 | 57.51% | 41.40% | D+16.1 | 66.36% | 29.30% | D+37.1 | D |
| 88 | 52.34% | 46.64% | D+5.7 | 58.85% | 36.90% | D+22 | D |
| 89 | 33.74% | 65.35% | R+31.6 | 41.97% | 53.65% | R+11.7 | R |
| 90 | 49.71% | 48.99% | D+0.7 | 55.22% | 39.52% | D+15.7 | D |
| 91 | 53.68% | 44.73% | D+8.9 | 57.91% | 35.87% | D+22 | D |
| 92 | 50.25% | 47.87% | D+2.4 | 47.69% | 46.02% | D+1.7 | D |
| 93 | 55.84% | 41.87% | D+14 | 48.85% | 45.46% | D+3.4 | D |
| 94 | 47.09% | 51.41% | R+4.3 | 43.28% | 51.39% | R+8.1 | R |
| 95 | 37.68% | 61.12% | R+23.4 | 35.16% | 60.52% | R+25.4 | R |
| 96 | 35.34% | 63.39% | R+28 | 36.57% | 58.75% | R+22.2 | R |
| 97 | 42.64% | 55.44% | R+12.8 | 33.31% | 61.14% | R+27.8 | D |
| 98 | 36.69% | 61.92% | R+25.2 | 37.69% | 57.34% | R+19.6 | R |
| 99 | 43.11% | 55.19% | R+12.1 | 44.44% | 49.42% | R+5 | R |
| 100 | 36.43% | 62.31% | R+25.9 | 40.91% | 54.30% | R+13.4 | R |
| 101 | 28.87% | 70.23% | R+41.4 | 35.04% | 60.81% | R+25.8 | R |
| 102 | 34.49% | 64.35% | R+29.9 | 32.40% | 62.92% | R+30.5 | R |
| 103 | 35.54% | 63.00% | R+27.5 | 31.48% | 63.41% | R+31.9 | R |
| 104 | 42.14% | 55.94% | R+13.8 | 36.80% | 57.49% | R+20.7 | R |
| 105 | 40.02% | 58.23% | R+18.2 | 36.85% | 57.40% | R+20.6 | R |
| 106 | 43.86% | 54.29% | R+10.4 | 40.91% | 52.87% | R+12 | R |
| 107 | 41.26% | 56.76% | R+15.5 | 34.90% | 59.68% | R+24.8 | R |
| 108 | 34.97% | 63.67% | R+28.7 | 31.12% | 64.19% | R+33.1 | R |
| 109 | 34.37% | 63.30% | R+28.9 | 25.25% | 69.86% | R+44.6 | R |
| 110 | 32.74% | 65.78% | R+33 | 31.86% | 63.33% | R+31.5 | R |
| 111 | 40.22% | 57.43% | R+17.2 | 28.08% | 66.82% | R+38.7 | R |
| 112 | 41.60% | 56.14% | R+14.5 | 29.74% | 65.06% | R+35.3 | R |
| 113 | 42.97% | 55.18% | R+12.2 | 31.77% | 63.08% | R+31.3 | R |
| 114 | 44.32% | 53.83% | R+9.5 | 30.07% | 64.68% | R+34.6 | R |
| 115 | 43.73% | 53.77% | R+10 | 26.77% | 68.89% | R+42.1 | R |
| 116 | 39.07% | 58.78% | R+19.7 | 26.07% | 69.37% | R+43.3 | R |
| 117 | 40.34% | 57.36% | R+17 | 25.24% | 70.97% | R+45.7 | R |
| 118 | 42.84% | 54.85% | R+12 | 24.96% | 70.53% | R+45.6 | D |
| 119 | 37.08% | 60.66% | R+23.6 | 23.82% | 71.94% | R+48.1 | R |
| 120 | 30.41% | 67.53% | R+37.1 | 20.06% | 75.96% | R+55.9 | R |
| 121 | 31.61% | 65.66% | R+34 | 24.74% | 69.39% | R+44.7 | R |
| 122 | 34.34% | 63.53% | R+29.2 | 25.48% | 68.80% | R+43.3 | R |
| 123 | 27.61% | 70.25% | R+42.6 | 17.62% | 78.74% | R+61.1 | R |
| 124 | 28.10% | 70.10% | R+42 | 20.48% | 76.31% | R+55.8 | R |
| 125 | 33.23% | 64.37% | R+31.1 | 20.75% | 75.50% | R+54.8 | R |
| 126 | 31.58% | 66.12% | R+34.5 | 20.06% | 75.46% | R+55.4 | R |
| 127 | 22.58% | 75.67% | R+53.1 | 14.13% | 82.55% | R+68.4 | R |
| 128 | 27.32% | 70.51% | R+43.2 | 18.95% | 76.41% | R+57.5 | R |
| 129 | 27.78% | 69.97% | R+42.2 | 16.36% | 80.03% | R+63.7 | R |
| 130 | 28.04% | 70.17% | R+42.1 | 21.13% | 74.22% | R+53.1 | R |
| 131 | 35.35% | 62.39% | R+27 | 30.11% | 63.51% | R+33.4 | R |
| 132 | 54.62% | 41.76% | D+12.9 | 47.48% | 43.78% | D+3.7 | D |
| 133 | 33.97% | 64.11% | R+30.1 | 30.10% | 63.89% | R+33.8 | R |
| 134 | 39.49% | 58.44% | R+19 | 38.57% | 54.45% | R+15.9 | R |
| 135 | 46.12% | 51.01% | R+4.9 | 43.73% | 48.68% | R+5 | R |
| 136 | 32.89% | 65.46% | R+32.6 | 33.82% | 61.06% | R+27.2 | R |
| 137 | 29.28% | 68.94% | R+39.7 | 22.46% | 73.16% | R+50.7 | R |
| 138 | 24.97% | 73.31% | R+48.3 | 17.62% | 79.22% | R+61.6 | R |
| 139 | 26.11% | 72.20% | R+46.1 | 21.92% | 73.26% | R+51.3 | R |
| 140 | 25.27% | 72.87% | R+47.6 | 19.34% | 76.01% | R+56.7 | R |
| 141 | 25.58% | 72.23% | R+46.6 | 15.31% | 81.45% | R+66.1 | R |
| 142 | 27.29% | 70.19% | R+42.9 | 16.35% | 80.26% | R+63.9 | R |
| 143 | 29.09% | 68.03% | R+38.9 | 16.97% | 79.81% | R+62.8 | R |
| 144 | 36.12% | 61.41% | R+25.3 | 19.14% | 77.84% | R+58.7 | R |
| 145 | 26.77% | 70.97% | R+44.2 | 15.99% | 80.73% | R+64.7 | R |
| 146 | 20.92% | 77.46% | R+56.5 | 16.18% | 80.39% | R+64.2 | R |
| 147 | 35.21% | 62.92% | R+27.7 | 32.57% | 62.66% | R+30.1 | R |
| 148 | 28.61% | 69.95% | R+41.3 | 20.84% | 76.42% | R+55.6 | R |
| 149 | 43.48% | 54.87% | R+11.4 | 30.87% | 67.01% | R+36.1 | R |
| 150 | 34.94% | 63.58% | R+28.6 | 23.89% | 74.47% | R+50.6 | R |
| 151 | 24.82% | 73.46% | R+48.6 | 14.15% | 83.22% | R+69.1 | R |
| 152 | 29.54% | 68.76% | R+39.2 | 20.62% | 76.11% | R+55.5 | R |
| 153 | 25.21% | 72.83% | R+47.6 | 14.81% | 82.43% | R+67.6 | R |
| 154 | 26.84% | 70.66% | R+43.8 | 16.74% | 79.61% | R+62.9 | R |
| 155 | 27.06% | 70.27% | R+43.2 | 16.01% | 80.94% | R+64.9 | R |
| 156 | 24.65% | 73.46% | R+48.8 | 19.20% | 77.30% | R+58.1 | R |
| 157 | 25.44% | 72.55% | R+47.1 | 17.36% | 78.46% | R+61.1 | R |
| 158 | 26.53% | 71.26% | R+44.7 | 18.47% | 78.33% | R+59.9 | R |
| 159 | 23.37% | 74.32% | R+50.9 | 15.21% | 81.38% | R+66.2 | R |
| 160 | 26.02% | 72.10% | R+46.1 | 18.82% | 77.45% | R+58.6 | R |
| 161 | 33.26% | 63.98% | R+30.7 | 27.50% | 66.51% | R+39 | R |
| 162 | 30.13% | 67.39% | R+37.3 | 24.35% | 69.95% | R+45.6 | R |
| 163 | 25.36% | 72.66% | R+47.3 | 19.41% | 75.70% | R+56.3 | R |
| Total | 44.38% | 53.76% | R+9.4 | 38.23% | 56.92% | R+18.7 | - |
| Source: Daily Kos | |||||||
See also
- Missouri House of Representatives
- Missouri State Legislature
- State legislative elections, 2018
- Missouri state legislative Democratic primaries, 2018
- Missouri state legislative Republican primaries, 2018
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Any vacancies in the chamber are counted towards the party that held the seat at the time of the vacancy.
- ↑ Missouri Secretary of State, "Unofficial Candidate Filing List," accessed March 27, 2018
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Excludes unopposed elections
- ↑ Ballotpedia defines an incumbent as retiring if the incumbent did not file for office or filed for office but withdrew, was disqualified, or otherwise left a race in a manner other than losing the primary, primary runoff, or convention. If an incumbent runs as a write-in candidate, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring. If an incumbent runs in the same chamber for a different seat, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Missouri Revised Statutes, "Filing Information for Candidates," accessed March 11, 2014
- ↑ Missouri Revised Statutes, "Section 115.349," accessed March 11, 2014
- ↑ Missouri Revised Statutes, "Section 115.357," accessed March 11, 2014
- ↑ Missouri Revised Statutes, "Section 115.342," accessed March 10, 2014
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Missouri Revised Statutes, "Section 115.355," accessed March 11, 2014
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Missouri Revised Statutes, "Section 115.353," accessed March 11, 2014
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Missouri Secretary of State, "Independent Candidate Information," accessed March 11, 2014
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Missouri Revised Statutes, "Section 115.321," accessed March 11, 2014
- ↑ Missouri Revised Statutes, "Section 115.329," accessed March 11, 2014
- ↑ Missouri Secretary of State, "Write-In Candidates," accessed March 11, 2014
- ↑ Missouri Revised Statutes, "Section 115.453," accessed March 11, 2014
- ↑ Missouri Secretary of State, "2012 Elected Officials Qualifications," accessed March 27, 2014
- ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
- ↑ Missouri Revisor of Statutes, "Article III Section 20. Regular sessions of assembly — quorum — compulsory attendance — public sessions — limitation on power to adjourn.," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Cierpiot was elected to the state Senate in 2017. His state House seat was still counted in the total number of term-limited state representatives in 2018.
- ↑ McCaherty resigned his seat before the end of his term. His seat was still counted in the total number of term-limited state representatives in 2018.
- ↑ Crawford was elected to the state Senate in 2017. Her seat was still counted in the total number of term-limited state representatives in 2018.
- ↑ Fitzwater resigned his seat before the end of his term. His seat was still counted in the total number of term-limited state representatives in 2018.
- ↑ Richardson resigned his seat before the end of his term. His seat was still counted in the total number of term-limited state representatives in 2018.
- ↑ The Nevada Senate, Arkansas House, and Arkansas Senate were up for election in 2018 and have term limits, but no incumbents were term-limited in 2018.
- ↑ The Nevada Senate, Arkansas House, and Arkansas Senate are impacted by term limits, but no incumbents were term-limited in 2018. In the three chambers, a total of 129 seats were up for election in 2018. No legislators were unable to run in 2018 in those three chamber because of term limits.
- ↑ Ballotpedia confirmed through phone calls that at least seven California legislators were term-limited in 2018. The number of California legislators term-limited and the overall number of term-limited state legislators had a chance to change if Ballotpedia could confirm that more members were term-limited in 2018.
- ↑ Some of the 271 term-limited state legislators in 2018 may resign before their term ends. These legislators were still counted in the total number of term-limited legislators in 2018.
- ↑ The number of state legislative seats available for analysis varied, with as many as 7,795 and as few as 6,835.
- ↑ Lyndon Johnson's (D) first term began in November 1963 after the death of President John F. Kennedy (D), who was first elected in 1960. Before Johnson had his first midterm in 1966, he was re-elected president in 1964.
- ↑ Gerald Ford's (R) first term began in August 1974 following the resignation of President Richard Nixon (R), who was first elected in 1968 and was re-elected in 1972. Because Ford only served for two full months before facing the electorate, this election is classified as Nixon's second midterm.
- ↑ 270towin.com, "Missouri," accessed June 29, 2017
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017
