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    A Cid

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    Jerry Pui Chaw Min
    The document discusses acids and bases. It defines strong acids as completely ionizing in water, and weak acids as partially ionizing. Monoprotic, diprotic, and triprotic acids are described based on the number of hydrogen ions produced when ionized in water. Properties of acids like taste and pH are outlined. Uses of acids like sulfuric acid and methanoic acid are provided. The document also defines strong and weak bases, and provides examples like sodium hydroxide. Common reactions of acids and bases are summarized, including neutralization.

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    A Cid

    Uploaded by

    Jerry Pui Chaw Min
    70 views3 pages
    The document discusses acids and bases. It defines strong acids as completely ionizing in water, and weak acids as partially ionizing. Monoprotic, diprotic, and triprotic acids are described based on the number of hydrogen ions produced when ionized in water. Properties of acids like taste and pH are outlined. Uses of acids like sulfuric acid and methanoic acid are provided. The document also defines strong and weak bases, and provides examples like sodium hydroxide. Common reactions of acids and bases are summarized, including neutralization.

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    61206128-A-cid

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    The document discusses acids and bases. It defines strong acids as completely ionizing in water, and weak acids as partially ionizing. Monoprotic, diprotic, and triprotic acids are described based on the number of hydrogen ions produced when ionized in water. Properties of acids like taste and pH are outlined. Uses of acids like sulfuric acid and methanoic acid are provided. The document also defines strong and weak bases, and provides examples like sodium hydroxide. Common reactions of acids and bases are summarized, including neutralization.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    70 views3 pages

    A Cid

    Uploaded by

    Jerry Pui Chaw Min
    The document discusses acids and bases. It defines strong acids as completely ionizing in water, and weak acids as partially ionizing. Monoprotic, diprotic, and triprotic acids are described based on the number of hydrogen ions produced when ionized in water. Properties of acids like taste and pH are outlined. Uses of acids like sulfuric acid and methanoic acid are provided. The document also defines strong and weak bases, and provides examples like sodium hydroxide. Common reactions of acids and bases are summarized, including neutralization.

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    Strong acid Acid that completely ionise in water to produce H+ Exp: HCl, H2SO4

    Acid Substance that dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ion, H+

    Weak acid Acid that partially water to produce H+ Exp: CH3COOH ionise in

    Monoprotic Substance produced hydrogen 1 mol H+ ions when ionise in water. Example: HCl H+ + Cl-

    Diprotic Substance produced hydrogen 2 mol H+ ions when ionise in water. Example:
    H2SO4 2H+ + SO42-

    Triprotic Substance produced hydrogen 3 mol H+ ions when ionise in water. Example:
    H3PO4 3H+ + PO43-

    H+ CH3COOH CH3COOCH3COOH CH3COOH H+ CH3COO CH3COOH

    Properties of acid Taste sour Turn blue limus paper to red pH < 7 conduct electricity

    Chemical Properties

    Uses of acid Sulphuric acid Making electrolyte in car battery Methanoic acid Coagulate of latex Ethanoic acid Food preservatives Carbonic acid Making soft drink

    A cid+ Alkali
    H2SO4 + NaOH

    salt + H2O
    Na2(SO4) + H2O

    Acid + metal oxide


    HCl + ZnO

    salt + H2O
    MgSO4 + H2O

    Asid + reactive metal


    HCl + Mg MgCl2 + H2

    Salt + H2

    Acid + metal carbonate


    HCl + CaCO3

    Salt + CO2 + H2O

    CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

    Base Strong alkali Alkali that can ionize completely in water to form high concentration of hydroxide ion, OHExample: NaOH, KOH KOH K+ + OHUses of alkali Properties of alkali Taste bitter and slippery Turns red limus paper to blue pH > 7 conduct electricity Dissolve in water

    Chemical compound that react with acid to form salt and water only

    Weak alkali Alkali that can ionize partially in water to produces low concentration of hydroxide ion, OHExample: ammonia, NH3
    NH3 NH4+ + OH-

    Alkali Substance that dissociates in water to produce hydroxide ion, OH+

    Sodium hydroxide Making soap/detergent Magnesium hydroxide Making toothpaste Calcium hydroxide Making cement Ammonia Prevent coagulation of latex

    Chemical Properties Alkali + Acid H2SO4 + NaOH salt + H2O Na2(SO4) + H2O

    Alkali + ammonium salt salt + H2O + NH3 NaOH + NH4Cl NaCl + H2O + NH3

    H 2O Role of water in acid water help acid ionize to produced H+ ions With water Molecules in acids will ionise to hydrogen ions HCl(aq) H+ + ClThe presence of hydrogen ions are the causes the show acidic properties Has free mobile hydrogen ions There are free H+ ions
    H+ ClH+ ClH+

    Without water/in organic solvent/glacial acid does not show acid properties acids remain in the form of molecules no free mobile hydrogen ions no acid properties
    HCl HCl HCl HCl

    There are no free H+ ions

    H 2O Role of water in alkali water help alkali ionize to produced OH- ions With water Molecules in alkali will ionise to form hydroxide ions NaOH(aq) Na+ + OHThe presence of hydroxide ions are the causes the show alkaline properties Has free mobile hydroxide ions There are free OHions Na+
    OH
    -

    Without water/in organic solvent/glacial acid does not show alkaline properties Alkali remain in - the form of . molecules no free mobile hydroxide ions No conduct electricity

    NaOH

    NaOH

    NaOH

    NaOH

    There are no free OHions

    Na+
    OH-

    Na+

    Concentration of H+ ions increases Concentration of OH-

    ions increases

    Why At same concentration, the pH value of a weak acid lower than strong acid? Because the concentration of OH- ions weak alkali is lower. Weak alkali ionises partially but a strong alkali ionizes completely.

    pH Scale Strong acid: pH 1 -2 Weak acid : pH 3-6 Strong alkali pH 13 -14 Weak alkali : pH 8-12

    X Mr

    Concentration in mole dm-3 (M) Mr No. of mole of solute Molarity (M) = Volume of solution ( dm3) n = MV 1000 =

    Concentration in g dm-3

    pipette

    Mass (g) Volume of solution(dm3)

    M1 V1= M2 V2 Dilution Preparation standard solution M1 Molarity before dilution V1 Volume before dilution M2 Molarity after dilution V2 Volume after dilution

    1 2 3 4 5 6

    Weigh the mass of sodium hydroxide Transfer the solid sodium hydroxides into beaker contain distilled water and stirred Solution from beaker poured into volumetric flask Rinsed beaker and filter funnel into volumetric flask Add distilled water until graduation mark Shake the volumetric flask

    Neutralization
    -reaction accur between acid and base to form salt and water In neutralization , hydrogen ion in acid react with hydroxide ion from alkali. H 2O H+ + OH

    Hydrochloric acid

    Example 1: 3.25 g of zinc, Zn reacted completely with hydrochloric acid, HCl with molarity of 0.5 mol dm-3.Calculate volume of acid used. (RAM Zn = 65) Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Zn + 2HCl 3.25 g 0.5 moldm-3 No. mole: 3.25/65 = 0.05 Zn : HCl Ratio mole 1 : 2 No.of mole 0.05 0.05 x 2 = 1 Molarity, M = no.of mole Volume (dm-3) Volume : 0.1 / 0.5 = 0.2 dm3 / 200 cm3 ZnCl2 + H2

    Potassium hydroxide solution + phenolphthalein indicator End Point when all hydrogen ions from acid react completely with hydroxide ions from alkali to form water. Colour in Colour ion Colour in Indicator alkali neutral acid Phenolphtalein Pink Colourless Colourless Methyl orange Yellow orange Red Example 2: What is the volume of 1.0 moldm-3 sodium hydroxide solution which can neutralize 25 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 sulphuric acid H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + H2O 1.0 moldm-3 1.0 moldm-3 Volume? 25 cm3 No. mole: 3.25/65 = 0.05 H2SO4 : NaOH Ratio mole 1 : 2 No.of mole 0.025 0.025 x 2 = 0.5 Molarity, M = no.of mole Volume (dm-3) Volume : 0.5 / 1.0 = 0.5 dm3 / 500 cm3

    Step 4

    Step 1

    Application of neutralization Slake lime reduced soil acidity Toothpaste Mg(OH)2 neutralise acid in mouth Baking powder cure bee sting Magnesium hydroxide treat gastric pain

    Step 2 Step 3

    Step 4

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