IPS-E-EL-160(1)

FOREWORD
The Iranian Petroleum Standards (IPS) reflect the
views of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum and are
intended for use in the oil and gas production
facilities,
oil
refineries,
chemical
and
petrochemical plants, gas handling and processing
installations and other such facilities.
IPS is based on internationally acceptable
standards and includes selections from the items
stipulated in the referenced standards. They are
also supplemented by additional requirements
and/or modifications based on the experience
acquired by the Iranian Petroleum Industry and
the local market availability. The options which
are not specified in the text of the standards are
itemized in data sheet/s, so that, the user can select
his appropriate preferences therein.
The IPS standards are therefore expected to be
sufficiently flexible so that the users can adapt
these standards to their requirements. However,
they may not cover every requirement of each
project. For such cases, an addendum to IPS
Standard shall be prepared by the user which
elaborates the particular requirements of the user.
This addendum together with the relevant IPS
shall form the job specification for the specific
project or work.
The IPS is reviewed and up-dated approximately
every five years. Each standards are subject to
amendment or withdrawal, if required, thus the
latest edition of IPS shall be applicable
The users of IPS are therefore requested to send
their views and comments, including any
addendum prepared for particular cases to the
following address. These comments and
recommendations will be reviewed by the relevant
technical committee and in case of approval will
be incorporated in the next revision of the
standard.
Standards
and
Research
No.19, Street14, North kheradmand
Karimkhan Avenue, Tehran, Iran .
Postal Code- 1585886851
Tel: 88810459-60 & 66153055
Fax: 88810462
Email: [email protected]

department

( IPS)



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19

1585886851 :
66153055 88810459 - 60 :
88810462 :
[email protected]
:

GENERAL DEFINITIONS:

Throughout this Standard

definitions shall apply.

the

following

COMPANY :
Refers to one of the related and/or affiliated
companies of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum
such as National Iranian Oil Company, National
Iranian Gas Company, National Petrochemical
Company and National Iranian Oil Refinery And
Distribution Company.

.
:

PURCHASER :
Means the Company" where this standard is a
part of direct purchaser order by the Company,
and the Contractor where this Standard is a part
of contract documents.

.
:

VENDOR AND SUPPLIER:

Refers to firm or person who will supply and/or
fabricate the equipment or material.

.
:

CONTRACTOR:
Refers to the persons, firm or company whose
tender has been accepted by the company.

.
:

EXECUTOR :
Executor is the party which carries out all or part
of construction and/or commissioning for the
project.

.
:

INSPECTOR :
The Inspector referred to in this Standard is a
person/persons or a body appointed in writing by
the company for the inspection of fabrication and
installation work
SHALL:
Is used where a provision is mandatory.
SHOULD:
Is used where a provision is advisory only.
WILL:
Is normally used in connection with the action by
the Company rather than by a contractor,
supplier or vendor.
MAY:
Is used where
discretionary.

provision

is

completely

/

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IPS-E-EL-160(1)

ENGINEERING STANDARD
FOR
OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION
AND
DISTRIBUTION
FIRST REVISION
JANUARY 2010

1388
This Standard is the property of Iranian Ministry of Petroleum.
All rights are reserved to the owner. Neither whole nor any part
of this document may be disclosed to any third party, reproduced,
stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by
any means without the prior written consent of the Iranian
Ministry of Petroleum.

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Jan 2010/ 1388

CONTENTS :

Page
No.

IPS-E-EL-160(1)
:

0. INTRODUCTION .............................................. 4

4 ............................................................... -0
1. SCOPE ................................................................. 5

5 ....................................................... -1
2. REFERENCES.................................................... 5

5 .............................................................. -2
3. CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS ................ 6

6 ................................................. -3
4. UNITS .................................................................. 6

6 ............................................................. -4
5. GENERAL........................................................... 7

7 ............................................................. -5
6. PLANNING OF OVERHEAD LINES.............. 7

7 .................................. -6
6.1 Laying Down the Route of Line and Fixing
Positions of Supports................................. 7

7 .............. 1-6
6.2 Selection of Insulators and Fittings .......... 7

7 ............................. 2-6
6.3 Selection of Towers .................................... 8

8 ........................................... 3-6
6.4 Tower Identification, Danger Warning
Notices and Phase Markings..................... 8

4-6
8 ......................................
7. TENSION AND SAG.......................................... 8

8 .................................................... -7
8. CODUCTORS..................................................... 9

9 ........................................................... -8
8.1 Material and Make Up of Conductors ..... 10

10 .............................. 1-8
8.2 Aluminum Conductors Steel
Reinforced (ACSR)..................................... 10

2-8
10 ...........................................(ACSR)
9. SELECTION OF CONDUCTORS ................... 10

10 .................................................. -9
10. JOINTS .............................................................. 13

13 ........................................................... -10
11. CLEARANCES (GENERAL).......................... 13

13 .................................... ( )-11

Jan 2010/ 1388

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

12. ACCESSORIES............................................... 13

13 ..................................................... -12
12.1 Surge Arresters (General) ....................... 13

13 .................................... ( )1-12
12.2 Sectioner Switches.................................... 14

14 .............................................. 2-12
12.3 Vibration Dampers .................................. 14

14 .................................. 3-12
12.4 Factor of Safety ........................................ 14

14 ............................................ 4-12
12.5 Anti Climbing Devices and Steps............ 15

15 ....................................... 5-12
12.6 Indicating Balls......................................... 15

15 ................................... 6-12
12.7 Stays Insulators....................................... 15

15 ................................... 7-12
12.8 Pole Setting ............................................... 15

15 ............................... 8-12
12.9 Guys........................................................... 15

15 ..................................................... 9-12
12.10 Earthing Associated with Overhead
Lines ....................................................... 15

15 ...................... 10-12
13. LOW VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION
OVERHEAD LINES.......................................... 16

16 ........................... -13
13.1 Steel Poles.................................................. 16

16 ......................................... 1-13
13.2 Insulators .................................................. 16

16 ................................................... 2-13
14. 11 kV AND 20 kV OVERHEAD LINES......... 16

16 .............................. 20 11 -14
15. 33 kV AND 63 (66) kV OVERHEAD
LINES................................................................ 17

17 .................... ( 66) 63 33 -15

15.1 Line Conductor and Joints...................... 17

17 ................................... 1-15
15.2 Tower Supports ........................................ 17

17 ..................................... 2-15
15.3 Insulators and Fittings............................ 17

17 .................................. 3-15
16. SELECTION OF ROUTE OF
TRANSMISSION LINE ........................................ 17

17 ..................................... -16
2

Jan 2010/ 1388

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

17. TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN DATA

SUMMARY....................................................... 19

19 ..................... -17
18. PHASE ARRANGEMENT ............................ 23

23 ....................................................... -18
19. SURVEY ........................................................... 24

24 ........................................................ -19
20. RULES FOR PREPARATION OF PLAN
AND PROFILE................................................ 25

25 ........................... -20
APPENDICES:

:
APPENDIX A RIGHT OF WAY (ROW) FROM
PIPELINES .................................. 30

30 ...........................
APPENDIX B RIGHT OF WAY (R.O.W) FROM
ROADS .......................................... 32

32 ...............................
APPENDIX C C.1 ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS............................... 34

34 ..................................... 1-

Jan 2010/ 1388

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

-0

0. INTRODUCTION
Because of the high capital investment in
distribution system they must be designed and
constructed for maximum reliability in
conjunction with reasonable economy.

When planning a network the most

satisfactory arrangement from the technical
and economic point of view is determined by
calculation or modeling, based on the
anticipated operating conditions.

Factors to be considered include the following:

- No part of the installation shall be unduly

stressed in service either at peak or low
load.

- All consumers must be supplied with

energy at an adequate voltage.

- Fault should not disturb the operation of

network. The number of consumers
affected should be limited and any
interruption of supply should be of short
duration.

.


.

- The relative economic, importance of the

cost of losses, cost of equipment and
expenditure on ensuring reliability of
supply must be considered.

- The network should be suitable for the

loading conditions at the time and also
capable of easy extension to meet growth
of load in future.

Jan 2010/ 1388

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

1. SCOPE

-1

This standard specification is a guide lines for

the engineering requirements of power
transmission and distribution lines at low and
medium voltages. In the case of conflict
between this standard and the Ministry of Power
standards, the priority will be given to the
Ministry of Power standards.

.

.
:1

Note 1:
This bilingual standard is a revised version of the
standard specification by the relevant technical
committee on Jan 2010, which is issued as
revision (1). Revision (0) of the said standard
specification is withdrawn.

1388
( 0) .( 1)
.
:2

Note 2:
In case of conflict between Farsi and English
languages, English language shall govern.

.
-2

2. REFERENCES
Throughout this Standard, the following dated
and undated standards / codes are referred to.
These referenced documents shall to the extent
specified herein, form a part of this Standard.
For dated references, the edition cited applies.
The applicability of changes in dated references
that occur after the cited date shall be mutually
agreed upon by the Company and the Vendor.
For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced
documents
(including
any
supplements and amendments) applies.

.

.

.

.

The latest revision of the following standards to

be considered in design of the overhead lines:

.
( ) IEC

IEC (INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION)
IEC 61089 "Aluminum Conductor Steel
Reinforced"

""

" " IEC 60094-1

IEC 60094-1 " Lightning Arresters

( ) BSI

BSI (BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTE)

BS 137

"Insulators
of
Ceramic
Materials or Glass for
Overhead Lines with a
Nominal Voltage Greater
Than 1000 Volt"

IEC 61089

"
" 1000

BS 137

Jan 2010/ 1388

BS 7430

"Code of
Earthing"

BS 8100

"Lattice
Masts"

Practice
Towers

ANSI(AMERICAN
STANDARDS INSTITUTE)

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

for

""

BS 7430

and

""

BS 8100

NATIONAL

( ) ANSI

ANSI A 14.1

"Safety Code for Portable

Wood Ladders"

"
"

ANSI A 14.1

ANSI C 135.1

"Galvanized Steel Bolts

and Nuts for Overhead
Lines"

"
"

ANSI C 135.1

ANSI C 135.2

"Anchor Rods and Nuts for

Overhead Lines"

" ANSI C 135.2

"

ANSI C 135.6

"Zinc Coated Ferrous

Cross Arm Braces for
Overhead
Line
Construction

"
"

ANSI C 135.30 "Zinc Coated Ferrous

Ground Rods for Overhead
Line Construction"
ANSI C3763

"Electrical Automatic Line

Sectionalizer" IEEE

" ANSI C 135.30

"
""

-3

In the case of conflict between documents

relating to the inquiry or order, the following
priority of documents shall apply:

:
. : -

- First Priority: Purchase order and

variations thereto.
Priority:

Data

sheets

ANSI C3763

IEEE

3. CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS

- Second
drawings.

ANSI C 135.6

. : -

and

. : -

- Third Priority: This Standard.

All conflicting requirements shall be referred to
the Purchaser in writing. The Purchaser will
issue confirmation document if needed for
clarification

.
.
-4

4. UNITS
This Standard is based on International System
of Units (SI) as per IPS-E-GN-100, except

(SI)
IPS-E-GN-100
6

Jan 2010/ 1388

where otherwise specified.

IPS-E-EL-160(1)
.
-5

5. GENERAL
The design of transmission line has to be
satisfactory from electrical as well as
mechanical considerations. The line should
have sufficient current carrying capacity so that
the required power transfer can take place
without excessive voltage drop or over heating.

.

.

As far as mechanical aspects are concerned the

line conductors supports and cross arms should
have sufficient mechanical strength to cope
with the worst probable weather conditions

The line conductor supports and cross arms

must be strong enough to give satisfactory
service over a long period of time without
necessity of too much maintenance. The tension
in the conductor shall be well below the
breaking load and a reasonable factor of safety
should be used. To achieve this, an appreciable
amount of sag has to be allowed and adequate
clearance between the lowest line and ground
must be maintained.

.

.

.
-6

6. PLANNING OF OVERHEAD LINES

The engineering and construction of an
overhead line requires accurate planning which
include the following:

6.1 Laying Down the Route of Line and

Fixing Positions of Supports

1-6

The route selected is determined mainly by

natural obstacles which restrict the choice of
positions for supports. In many cases account
must also be taken of mutual inductive effects
from traction, telecommunication and power
lines, running on parallel routes.

.

.

Supports positions shall be fixed with the aid of

longitudinal and transverse profile of the line to
be erected, bearing in mind relevant regulations,
the most suitable kinds of support, and
advantageous utilization of natural features of
the landscape.

6.2 Selection of Insulators and Fittings

2-6

Suspension and tension insulator units shall be

of the cap and pin type with ball and socket
fittings.

Interlocking of ball and socket shall be such as

to prevent the possibility of such parts

Jan 2010/ 1388

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

becoming separated accidentally either during

or after erection. They shall be of phosphor
bronze or other tough materials.

.
.

Insulators shall be suitable materials, and shall

be unaffected by atmospheric conditions due to
weather, fumes acid and alkalis, dust or changes
of temperature, they shall consist of sufficient
number of units to ensure satisfactory operation
under all climatic conditions and possible dust
deposits.

All clamps shall be designed so as to avoid any

possibility of deforming the Standard
conductors and where applicable, the clamps
shall be lined with soft pure aluminum liner to
prevent damage to conductors. The factor of
safety of insulator and fittings when supporting
the maximum working load shall not be less
than 2.5.

.

.
2/5
.

6.3 Selection of Towers

3-6

The towers shall be of standard design. The

compression and tension members consisting of
rolled steel sections or flat, they shall be
suitable for the angles of deviation and for the
breakage of conductors. The tower shall be
designed so that the tower height when required
may be increased by standard extensions. All
tower members shall be galvanized.

.

.

. .

6.4 Tower Identification, Danger Warning

Notices and Phase Markings

4-6

Conspicuous danger and tower number plates of

anticorrosive materials shall be fixed to all
towers of 11000 Volt and above. The number
plates shall be inscribed in persian script and
English numericals. Tower footings at a height
of about 2 meters shall be painted red, yellow
and blue respectively, to indicate the line
conductor phases on each circuit.

11000
.
.
2

.

7. TENSION AND SAG

The stringing of conductors on an overhead
system presents other problems than those
created by their dead weight and the effect of
wind and ice on them.

-7

.

Jan 2010/ 1388

If they are stretched too tightly between poles,
the stresses imposed on the pole structure
(including pin, insulators, cross arms, racks and
hardware) would be such as to render them
impractical. The stresses on conductor
themselves increase rapidly as remaining sag is
eliminated, causing them to exceed their elastic
limits by any small movement of the pole on
conductors; the result would be greater
permanent elongation, a reduction in overall
cross section of the conductor and a greater
possibility of conductor failure, on other hand if
they are stretched too loosely. The swaying or
deflection of the conductors would necessitate
exceedingly wide spacing in both the horizontal
and vertical planes with the support system
approaching
impractibility.
The
final
construction
should,
therefore,
provide
sufficient sag, so that elastic limit of the
conductors will not be exceeded by a sufficient
margin while maintaining clearances that may
be required under the probable conditions.

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

)
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The tension in a conductor may be controlled by

maintaining a proper sag in it, the tension being
approximately inversely proportional to the sag.
The sag in a conductor must be determined not
only by the loading condition i.e. light, medium
or heavy, but also by probable temperature
variation, local physical conditions and
restriction of codes and regulations must also be
taken into consideration.

.



.

It is strongly recommended to obtain data sheet

such as span, sag, and temperature including
template from Vendor for special conductor
under consideration for overhead

8. CODUCTORS

-8

Because of the long distribution distances

generally involved, the proportioning of an
overhead line depends not on permissible
thermal loading but on the permissible values
for voltage drop and power loss.

In the lower voltage ranges and especially with

small conductors the resistance represents
considerable components of the line impedance.
With increasing system voltage the line
impedance is determined mainly by the
reactance, which depends on the ratio of the
mean conductor spacing to the conductor
diameter.

. )(
-
.

Jan 2010/ 1388

In the case of short lines with high power
transferability it is necessary to check the
thermal loading. Bare overhead-line conductors
carrying load continuously should not reach a
temperature exceeding 80C as otherwise the
strength of the wires will be impaired

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

.
80
.

8.1 Material and Make Up of Conductors

1-8

For conductors, copper and aluminum are used;

alloys of these metals (bronze, aldrey) are also
used to some extent.

.( aldrey )

Depending on their cross section, conductors

are made as bare, solid wire upto 16 mm or as
bare strand (consisting of individual wires); an
inner wire core is then surrounded by one to
three layers of wires with the lay of alternative
layers reversed. The outer are being clockwise

16
( )

.
.

8.2 Aluminum Conductors Steel Reinforced

(ACSR) 2-8

(ACSR)
Steel cored aluminum conductors are being
used to an increasing extent. They consist of
one or more layers of stranded aluminum wires
surrounding by a steel core to increase the
tensile strength. The ratio of cross sections "St:
Al" for standardized conductors is 1: 7.7, 1:6,
1:4.3 and 1: 1.7. The direction of lay is as for
single material conductors.

.

.
1 6 1 7/7 1
. 1/7 1 4/3
.

The steel core consists of one or more

galvanized steel wire

9. SELECTION OF CONDUCTORS

-9

Conductors shall be selected from:

Table 1 Data for Transmission Lines

Table 2 Physical characteristic of Aluminum
Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR)

-1
-2

10

Jan 2010/ 1388

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

TABLE 1 DATA FOR TRANSMISSION LINES

-1
NAME OF
CONDUCTOR

VOLTAGE

NUMBER

IN kV.

OF
CIRCUITS

NUMBER OF
CONDUCTOR
PER CIRCUIT

MAX.

MAX.

PERMISSIBLE

PERMISSIBLE

CURRENT IN
EACH PHASE
AMPS

CURRENT IN
POWER (MEGA
WATT)

( )

( )

KILOMETER
MEGA WATT*
10%

5%

VOLT

VOLT

DROP

DROP

Fox

20

192

5.98

66

4.44.4

Mink

20

288

8.98

7.5 7.5

5.55.5

Dog

20

417

13

99

6.56.5

Partridge

20

460

14.34

10 10

77

Partridge

63

460

45.17

29 29

21 21

Oriole

63

530

52

3131

23 23

Lynx

63

549

53.9

3232

23 23

Hawk

63

670

65.8

3434

25 25

Drake

132

900

185.2

7474

55 55

:*

* Note:
Kilometer mega watts, which is shown as a
product of two equal integers, is only for
ease of usage and the product should be
considered.

11

Jan 2010/ 1388

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

TABLE 2 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ALUMINUM CONDUCTOR

STEEL REINFORCED (ACSR)
(ACSR) -2
DIA OF EACH
STRAND NUMBER
mm
NAME OF
CONDUCTOR

CROSS SECTION AREA WEIGHT LIMIT OF

kg/km BREAKING

EXTERNAL
FORCE kg

DIA mm

ALUMINUM STEEL

ALUMINUM

TOTAL

RESISTANCE /km

MODULUS OFCOEFFICIENT
NOMINAL ELASTICITY OF LINEAR
INDUCTANCE
EXPANSION
CURRENT
kg/mm2
IN /km
10-6 1/oC
AMP

( )

Dc

Ac

()

mm

MCM mm

MCM

20 C

50 C

20 C

10-6 1/oC

50 C

Fox

62.97

12.97

8.37

36.72

72.4

42.7

84.3

149

1346

0.7827 0.8773 0.7828 0.8774

0.2835

192

8100

19.1

Mink

63.66

13.66

1098

6.38

124.5

36.7

145.3

255

2223

0.4531 0.509 0.4523 0.50916

0.2664

388

8100

19.1

Dog

64.72

71.57

14.15

105

207.2 118.5 233.9

394

3335

0.2733 0.3063 0.2736 0.3066

0.2506

417

7700

19.8

Partridge

262.57

72

16.30

135.2 266.8 156.4 309.6

536

5107

0.2133 0.2392 0.2137 0.2392

0.2405

460

7700

18.9

Oriole

302.69

72.69

18.82

170.5 336.4 210.3

783

7736

0.1696 0.1901 0.1701 0.1901

0.2305

530

8200

17.8

Lynx

302.79

72.79

19.53

183.4 361.9 226.2 446.4

842

8137

0.1576 0.1766 0.1581 0.1771

0.2277

549

8200

17.8

Hawk

263.44

72.68

21.80

241.7

477

554.6

977

8812

0.1197 0.1342 0.1204 0.1342

0.2224

670

7700

18.9

Drake

264.44

73.45

28.14

403

795

468.6 924.8

1628

14165

0.0714

0.0725

0.08

0.2063

900

7700

18.9

Canary

543.28

73.28

29.52

456

960

515.1 1016.6

1724

14664

0.0635 0.0712 0.648

0.073

0.2038

970

7000

19.3

Cardinal

543.38

73.28

30.38

463.4

952

1077.5

1828

15527

0.0598 0.067 0.0611 0.0695

0.2020

1010

7000

19.3

Curlew

543.515

73.515

31.65

523.7 1033.5 591.2 1106.7

1980

16843

0.0551 0.0618 0.0566 0.0637

0.1995

1060

7000

19.3

Martin

544.018

192.41

36.7

682.6

2584

21610

0.0422 0.0473 0.0441

0.1908

1250

6800

19.4

1351

281

546

415

771.6 1522.8

12

0.08

0.492

Jan 2010/ 1388

10. JOINTS
Joints in sections shall be kept to an absolute
minimum; no joint shall be closer than 3 meters
to a point of support however for 33 and 66 kV
overhead lines, no tension joints shall be used
unless specially approved.

-10

3
66 33

.

11. CLEARANCES (GENERAL)

The minimum height above the ground for the
line conductors at condition of maximum
temperature shall be as follows:
a) Up to and including 11 kV Systems at
points where the lines cross roads or railways
the minimum height shall be 6 meters. In
other locations i.e. parallel to roads the
minimum height shall be 5.5 m.

Where lines cross totally desert regions

where no traffic is possible the minimum
height may be reduced to 5.5 m.
b) 20 kV, 33 KV and 66 Kv in all location
the minimum height above the ground shall
be 6 m.

( )-11

:
11 (

. 6

. 5/5


. 5/5
66 33 20 (

. 6

12. ACCESSORIES

-12

12.1 Surge Arresters (General)

Lightning or surge arresters serve to bleed a
high voltage surge to ground before it reaches
the line or equipment which they are to protect.
They do this by presenting a lower impedance
path to ground than that presented by the line or
equipment. The voltage surge breaks down the
insulation of the arrester momentarily allowing
the surge to go to ground and dissipate itself; the
insulation of arrester then recovers its
properties, preventing further current from
flowing to ground and returning the arrester to a
stale ready for another operation.

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

( )1-12


.

.




.

13

Jan 2010/ 1388

12.1.1 Installation
Surge arresters shall be installed as close as
possible to the equipment or line to be protected
so that the resistance of connection to ground
may be held to a minimum. If possible the
arrester should have its own ground in addition
to connection to other grounds. Since the
arrester is to protect the insulation of the line or
equipment associated with its insulation should
be coordinated with that of the line or
equipment.

1-1-12


.

.

.

12.1.2 Rating
Standard arresters are rated not only on the
nominal voltage class of the line to which they
are to be connected but also to the crest voltage
(the basic impulse insulation voltage they can
withstand).

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

2-1-12

)
(
.

12.2 Sectioner Switches

2-12

Consideration shall be given to the provision of

off load sectioner switches on lines where there
are a number of tee-off points in order to
maintain at least part of the supply in the event
of a fault.

Sectioner switches shall also be considered for

inclusion on long lines as a means of assisting in
fault location.

Alternatively "Gang" type outdoor switch fuses

may be considered.

12.3 Vibration Dampers

3-12

Vibration dampers shall be provided and

designed on power lines over 132 kV; to absorb
the vibration of conductors.

132

.

The most common type being the stock-bridge

which has no application in oil industry.

Stock-bridge
.

12.4 Factor of Safety

Each standard type of towers shall be designed
so that no failure or permanent distortion shall
occur in any part of the tower when tested with
applied forces equivalent to 2.5 times the

4-12
2/5


14

Jan 2010/ 1388

maximum working load. Under broken wire
conditions the factor of safety shall not be less
than 1.5.

.
. 1/5

12.5 Anti Climbing Devices and Steps

All towers shall be fitted with an anti climbing
device. The height of the device shall be
adjustable between a level of 2.5 and 3.5 meters
from ground level.
Two diagonally opposite legs on each tower
shall be provided with steps at not more than 35
cm centers starting immediately above the anti
climbing device and continuing to the top line
conductor.

5-12
.
3/5 2/5
.

35
.
6-12

12.6 Indicating Balls

Indicating balls shall be used on overhead lines
where circumstances dictate.

.
7-12

12.7 Stays Insulators

Stays insulators shall be fitted in stay wires on
poles. No part of the stay insulator should be
less than 3 meters above ground; it should be
fitted as high up as possible, but the stay
insulator should be so positioned that there can
be no contact below the stay insulator, between
the stay wire, and phase conductor, (including a
jumper connection); and live equipment should
either of them break or become loose.

3 .



) (
.
8-12

12.8 Pole Setting

Foundations and settings of un guyed poles shall
be such as to withstand the assumed loads.

12.9 Guys
The general requirements for guys are covered
in IRI Ministry of Energy Standards.

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

9-12

.

12.10 Earthing Associated with Overhead

Lines

10-12

Overhead distribution systems (63KV and

above) shall be provided with an overhead earth
continuity wire arranged above the conductors
so as to afford a maximum measure of
protection against lightning and also to bond the
towers in intermediate positions, the conductor
shall be bonded to top of the towers or poles by
a clamp of the approved type.

( 63)




.
15

Jan 2010/ 1388

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

In terminal positions the wire shall be made of

round an approved eyelet. The eyelet being
bolted to the tower or pole by the
aforementioned standard clamps, then secured
through the clamp providing on electrical
connection. In addition to the aerial earth-wire
the towers or poles shall be earthed at intervals
of three points per kilometers by means of
driven earthing rods.

.

.

.

The maximum resistance to earth of the earthed

tower shall not exceed 10 ohms. Conductors
between the rods and the towers shall be
stranded galvanized earth conductors buried in
the ground.

. 10
.

DISTRIBUTION

-13

L V overhead lines, shall be by means of high

conductivity copper stranded conductors carried
by pin or shackle type insulators supported by
steel poles.

13. LOW VOLTAGE

OVERHEAD LINES

In general only single circuit overhead lines

shall be used.

.
1-13

13.1 Steel Poles

Steel poles shall be in two sizes preferably:
8.5 m long 75 mm dia at top, and 11 m long 115
mm dia, at top.

:
11 75 8/5
. 115

13.2 Insulators
Insulator shall be of vitreous porcelain pin or
shackle type.

2-13

.
20 11 -14

14. 11 kV AND 20 kV OVERHEAD LINES

11 kV and 20 kV distribution lines shall be by
means of high conductivity stranded ACSR
conductors carried by toughened glass
suspension and or tension insulator unit
supported from poles.

20 11

( ACSR)

.

16

Jan 2010/ 1388

( 66) 63 33 -15

15. 33 kV AND 63 (66) kV OVERHEAD

LINES

1-15

15.1 Line Conductor and Joints

The line conductors shall in all cases consist of
steel cored aluminum alloy conductor and
comply in all respects with IEC 61089.
No tension joints shall be used unless specially
approved. Aluminum to copper connectors for
use at line termination or elsewhere shall be of
approved types and so designed as to prevent
electrolytic action between dissimilar metal

. IEC 61089

.


.
2-15

15.2 Tower Supports

The towers shall be of standard design the
compression and tension members consisting of
rolled steel sections or flats.
They shall be suitable for the angles of
deviation.
The tower height when required may be
increased by standard extensions.
All tower members shall be galvanized. A factor
of safety of 2.5 to be considered

.
.

.
2/5 .
.
3-15

15.3 Insulators and Fittings

Suspension and tension insulator units shall be
with ball socket fittings, interlocking of ball and
socket shall be such as to prevent the possibility
of such parts becoming separated accidentally
either during or after erection. They shall be of
phosphor bronze or other tough materials.

16.
SELECTION
OF
TRANSMISSION LINE

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

ROUTE

.

.

OF

In selection of route for power transmission

line the following items shall be considered.

-16

:

1) The shortest route should be selected.

(1

2) It shall be tried to avoid unnecessary

angles.

(2

3) Mountainous route with steep slope shall

be avoided.

( 3
.

17

Jan 2010/ 1388

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

4) In urban districts with high intensity of

population; development of residential areas,
highways, airport etc. shall be in mind.

( 4

.

5) Safety requirements shall be considered in

passing through the military zones where
military activities are exercised.

( 5

.

6) Railways, parkways, and water lines, oil

and gas pipe lines to be crossed at right
angles as far as possible. Where power
transmission line is in parallel with pipe
lines, and telecommunication lines, there
shall be reasonable distance to minimize the
influence of power line.

( 6

.


.

7) Valleys, rivers and flood ways, shall be

crossed at locations where the width is
minimum and with an angle of 90 as far as
possible.
8) The route to be accessible for inspection
and maintenance purpose.
9) The route entries and exits to power posts
shall be convenient for present and future
developments.

( 7

. 90
( 8
.
( 9
.

10) Future development shall be possible and

future projects to be in mind.

( 10
.

11) Type of earth and its mechanical and

electrical resistance to be investigated.

( 11
.

12) In mountainous location consideration

shall be given to rock and sand drift and
avalanche.

( 12
.

13) The route shall not pass over the

marshes.

.( 13

14) The route shall not pass over

contaminated areas where there is possibility
of pollution of insulators.

( 14
.

15) To avoid damage to farmers and natural

resources, it shall be tried to avoid passing
the power line through the farms, gardens
forests, villages etc. as far as practicable,
because all the trees shall be cut and
buildings shall be demolished within first
degree right of way.

( 15


.

.
18

Jan 2010/ 1388

17. TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN DATA

SUMMARY

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

-17

............................................................................. -

- Project Designation............................

- Length....................... km........................

............. ............. -

- Voltage................... Phase..................

........................... -

- Frequency

.................. -

-Mechanical Data:

Items
Sizes :

Stranding
Diameter in mm
5

Transmission Conductor

Overhead Ground Wire

......................................
.............................
....................................

*
Area in mm

................................................

*
Weight in kg/m

....................................

/*
. Ultimate strength in
*
Kg

.................................................
..............................................

.. ..

.....................................................

- Loading Zone:
Ice Thickness............

........................................... *

Wind Force................. kg

............................................ *

6
Temperature..... Degree Centigrade
7

......................*
: -

- Design Data:

19

Jan 2010/ 1388

- Ice and Wind Loads:

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

Transmission Conductor

Overhead Ground Wire

Loads

Vertical kg/m

....................................................

.....................................

Transverse kg/m

Resultant kg/m

- Initial Temperature........
9

Final Temperature

...............................................
...........................................

.........................................

.......................................

.........

Degrees C

.............................................................................................................................................................................................*

Maximum Temperature .......................................................................................................................................................................................*

- Length of Spans:
Average.......................

.........................

10
Maximum....................

...............................

Ruling..........................

............... .....

- Sag and Tension Chart No.

Name of Company Producing charts

11

- Minimum Conductor Ground Clearance at ............... C Final Sag

12

.......................
- Nature of Clearance

13

Rail road .

High ways

Areas accessible to pedestrian

Transmission (m)

( )

...............................................

..............................................

..............................................

*
Cultivated fields.

Along roads in rural districts

................................................

................................................

20

Jan 2010/ 1388

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

- Base Pole / Structure:

: -

Height......... m

............................ *

Size ............ m

................................ *

Depth of Setting ....... m

..............*

14

- Cross Arm Dimensions:

15

: -

Width.................. mm

........................... *

Height................. mm

........................... *
: -

- Line Angles:
Average number of line angles per km.................................

.............*
Maximum working load at anchor....... ......... kg

..................................*

16
Guy slope (length to height)........................................................

............................................(* )
Max. design tension in guy wire.............................. kg

...................................*
: -

- Conductor Clearance:

17

Normal to support........................ m

.................. *

Minimum to support ...............m

..................... *

Minimum to guy..................... m

...............................*

- Conductor Separation at Support:

: -

Horizontal................................ m

....................................*

Vertical..................................... m

..................................*

From Over Head Guide Wire.....m

..... ............*

18

21

Jan 2010/ 1388

- Conductor Separation MidSpan:

Average Length

Span.... ..m

a - Normal conductor
Transmission line to Over Head
Guide Wire (OHGW)

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

..............

Max. Length

Span .m

.....

.........................................
..............................................

*

19

b- Iced Over Head Guide

Wire to Transmission line at
0C

..............................................

.............................

.............................................

.......................................

*

c - Same as b plus...... kg wind

- *

......

: -

- Wind Pressure:
On bare conductor................ kg/sq. m

.........................*

20
* On iced conductor................. kg/sq. m

21

....................... *

- Allowable Angle of Swing for Insulator String

22

Jan 2010/ 1388

TYPE OF
STRUCTURE

22

- Lightning Arrester:

23

- Earthing:

NUMBER OF
INSULATION UNITS

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

MAX.

NORMAL

MIN.

: : -

- Climbing Facility on Pole or Structures:

24

: - Warning, Numbering and Phasing Signs:

25

: -

26

- Indicating Balls:

27

- Transposition:

: : -

18. PHASE ARRANGEMENT

-18

a) Tangent Type Structures

23

Jan 2010/ 1388

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

b)Tangent to Vertical Type Structures

-19

19. SURVEY
The general route may be selected from survey
maps followed by a preliminary walk-over
survey which may be integrated with
preliminary way leave negotiations. Aerial
survey particularly in difficult country and has
been used on rare occasions for the ultimate
survey.

.

.

A final detailed survey must be made with

adjustments on any outstanding angle positions
and general alignment between these positions
with the setting of line pegs at regular points,
Ground level readings are taken at regular and
frequent intervals for the preparation of a profile
along the whole center line of the route.

.

.

This work involves the use of a theodolite,

level, leveling staff, chain and ranging rods. The
profile is subsequently plotted on squared paper
to a suitable scale 1 cm = 2.5 m vertically and 1
cm = 25 m horizontally are common
incorporating information such as side slope
either side of the center line. Details of road and
power line crossings and notes on superficial
ground conditions etc.

( )

.

25 = 1 2/5 = 1

.

.

The purpose of the profile is to enable each

intermediate position and support height
generally to be determined, with due regard to
provision of minimum statutory ground

24

Jan 2010/ 1388

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

clearances and special requirements arising

from crossings of roads, railways, etc. The
limiting factors of support design, maximum
wind span, weight spans etc., must also be taken
into account. The support positions and curve of
the bottom conductor at maximum sag (i.e. at
maximum temperature) are plotted and for this
purpose it is necessary to prepare a sag
template.

.


.
( )

.

A similar template, for the sag at minimum

temperature in still air, is also used to check for
uplift conditions. These are devices for
drawing the conductor curve based upon the
profile scales, and can be made from cardboard
or a transparent material when both the
minimum and maximum curves can be
incorporated on the same template. A set of say
six templates may be required to cover the range
of equivalent spans encountered in suitable
steps either side of the standard span. On
completion, a schedule is prepared with details
of support height and types, span lengths,
insulators ad fittings, etc., for the dual purpose
of ordering materials and construction.

.



.


.


.

The final survey operations are to peg out the

support positions on site, and in case of broad
base towers the excavation boundaries for the
foundation.

20. RULES FOR PREPARATION OF PLAN

AND PROFILE

-20

The National Cartography Organization of

Islamic Republic of Iran has recommended the
following rules for uniformity of drawings:

:
: -1

1) Type of paper : Tracing milimetric

2) Dimension of paper : Length 2m, width
75 cm for mountainous area and 35 cm for
plain fields,

75 2 : -2

3) Title block : In title blocks the following

shall be reflected:

: -3

35

- Sheet No.

. . . -

- Name of project.
- Voltage.

25

Jan 2010/ 1388

- Type of conductor and ground wire (if
any).

.( ) -

- Maximum permissible tension

.
.
.
.

- Equipment span.
- Height scale.
- Longitudinal scale.
- Kilometers of length of route in the
sheet.

. -

- Name of client.

. . . -

- Name of consultant.
- Name of contractor.
4) Thickness of drawing lines: From 0.13 to
0.4 mm as relevant.

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

0/4 0/13 : -4

5) The following information shall be

given in plan and profile drawings:

-5
:

- Height for all points

- Distance between stations

- Number of stations
- Length of routes
- Distance between towers
- No., type and height of towers
- Type of insulator

- Type of foundation

. 100

- Overlap:
-

Every sheet is overlapped by

succeeding and preceding sheet for an
amount of 100 meters of route.

Match Line
Match line shall be drawn on right and left side
of each drawing for matching of succeeding
sheets.

Symbols

Two kinds of symbols are used:

a)

Symbols for profile

26

Jan 2010/ 1388

These symbols are limited to those for
heights, natural barriers
and
profile
sides.

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

b) Symbols for plans

The symbols for plan cover all natural and

artificial factors.

.

. 3

For specimen check list for review of plan

and profile see Table 3.

TABLE 3 - SPECIMEN CHECK LIST FOR REVIEW OF PLAN AND PROFILE

-3
Project...........................................................

Date...................................

............................................................................................................
Line Identification...........................................,

......................................................
Voltage .....................................kV

............................................................................................
Plan & Profile Drawing Nos. ..........................,

................................................
Checked by................................

.............................................................
Loading Zone ................................................,

...........................................
Ruling Span.................................. m

........................................................................................
Conductor Material..........................................,

............................................
Size ............., Design Tension............................

..............................................................................................
Over Head Guard Wire Material ...................,

................................................ ..............................
Size ..........., Design Tension......

................................................
Under build Material ....................................,

................................................ ..............................
Size ............., Design Tension .

....................................................................................

27

............................................... ..............................

Jan 2010/ 1388

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

SHEET NUMBER

PLAN:

Property information

Swamps, rivers, lakes, etc.

Location, buildings, schools, etc

Obstructions, hazards

Roads

( )

Angles

PROFILE:

Horizontal span length

Type structure

Pole strength

Pole height

Pole foundation stability

Cross arm strength

Conductor clearance:

To ground or side hill

To support and guys

To buildings

Crossing

Conductor separation

Conductor tension limitations

Climbing or working space

Guy tension

Guy lead & height

28

Jan 2010/ 1388

Anchors

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

Insulator swing or uplift

Tap off, switches, substations

Under build

Code requirements

Remarks:

29

Jan 2010/ 1388

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

RIGHT OF WAY (ROW) FROM

PIPELINES
Accordance to common investigations carried
out by the Ministry of Power and the National
Iranian Gas Company in April 1973 the
following right of ways have been considered:

1352
:

a) Inside Towns

Minimum distance between towers of power

transmission lines (external wall of foundation)
from body of pipeline in parallel routes and
intersections.

)
(
.
TABLE 1

400/230

VOLTAGE

MINIMUM DISTANCE METERS*

volt

0.5

20

kilo volt

63

kilo volt

132

kilo volt

10

230 and higher kilo volt

20

*Minimum distance between under ground

power cable and wall of gas pipelines in parallel
routes.

*
.

30

Jan 2010/ 1388

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

TABLE 2

2
VOLTAGE

MINIMUM DISTANCE METERS*

400/230

volt

20

kilo volt

63

kilo volt

*Minimum vertical distance between under

ground power cables and wall of gas pipelines
in intersections.

*
.
TABLE 3

3
VOLTAGE

MINIMUM DISTANCE METERS

400/230 volt

0.5

20

kilo volt

63

kilo volt

1.5

b) Outside of Towns

Minimum distance of nearest foundation of

distribution and transmission power lines from
wall of gas pipelines in parallel routes.

)(
.
TABLE 4

4
VOLTAGE

MINIMUM DISTANCE METERS

KILO VOLT

In parallel route distance more than 5Km

In parallel route distance up to 5Km

20

20

30

63

30

40

132

40

50

230

50

60

400

60

60

31

Jan 2010/ 1388

APPENDIX B

RIGHT OF WAY (R.O.W) FROM ROADS

a) Highways
The right of ways for highways is defined as the
band between highway track and the lines 38
meters apart from the highway center line, so
that the total width of highway track and right of
way become 76 meters.

38

. 76

b) First Class State Roads

The first class right of way is defined as the
band between the road track and the line 22.5
meters apart from the road center line, so that
the total width of road track and right of way
become 45 meters.

(
22/5

. 45

c) Second Class State Road

The second class right of way is defined as the
band between the road track and the line 17.5
meters apart from the road center line, so that
the total width of road track and right of way
become 35 meters.

(
17/5

. 35

d) Third Class State Road

The Third class right of way is defined as the
band between the road track and the line 12.5
meters apart from the road center line, so that
the total width of road track and right of way
become 25 meters.

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

(
12/5

. 25

e) Forth Class State Road

The forth class right of way is defined as the

band between the road track and the line 7.5
meters apart from the road center line, so that
the total width of road track and right of way
become 15 meters.

7/5

. 15

Minimum permissible distance between

overhead lines and gas pipelines at intersections.

32

Jan 2010/ 1388

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

TABLE 5

5
VOLTAGE

KILO VOLT

MINIMUM DISTANCE METERS*

20

63

132

10

230

11

400

12

*Minimum distance between nearest foundation

of towers from gas pipelines at intersections.

*
.

TABLE 6

VOLTAGE

MINIMUM DISTANCE METERS

20 KV

20

63 KV and higher

30

33

Jan 2010/ 1388

APPENDIX C

1-

C.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

1. Site elevation: -------------- meter above sea
level.

IPS-E-EL-160(1)

............ -1

2. Maximum ambient air temperature: ---------------degree centigrade.

.................. -2

3. Minimum air temperature : ------------------degree centigrade.

............................. -3

..................... -4

4. Relative humidity: ------------------- Percent.

: -5

5. Atmosphere: Saliferrous, dusty corrosive and

subject to dust storms.
6. Lightning storm isoceraunic level: ----------------- storm days/year.

..................... -6

7. Maximum intensity of earthquake: ------------------- richters.

............................. -7

34