Torsion Constant - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Torsion Constant - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Torsion Constant - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
Thetorsionconstantisageometricalpropertyofabar'scrosssectionwhichisinvolvedintherelationship
betweenangleoftwistandappliedtorquealongtheaxisofthebar,forahomogeneouslinearelasticbar.
Thetorsionconstant,togetherwithmaterialpropertiesandlength,describesabar'storsionalstiffness.The
SIunitfortorsionconstantism4.
Contents
1History
2PartialDerivation
3Examplesforspecificuniformcrosssectionalshapes
3.1Circle
3.2Ellipse
3.3Square
3.4Rectangle
3.5Thinwalledopentubeofuniformthickness
3.6Circularthinwalledopentubeofuniformthickness(approximation)
4CommercialProducts
5References
History
In1820,theFrenchengineerA.Duleauderivedanalyticallythatthetorsionconstantofabeamisidentical
tothesecondmomentofareanormaltothesectionJzz,whichhasanexactanalyticequation,byassuming
thataplanesectionbeforetwistingremainsplaneaftertwisting,andadiameterremainsastraightline.
Unfortunately,thatassumptioniscorrectonlyinbeamswithcircularcrosssections,andisincorrectforany
othershapewherewarpingtakesplace.[1]
Fornoncircularcrosssections,therearenoexactanalyticalequationsforfindingthetorsionconstant.
Howeverapproximatesolutionshavebeenfoundformanyshapes.Noncircularcrosssectionalwayshave
warpingdeformationsthatrequirenumericalmethodstoallowtheexactcalculationofthetorsion
constant.[2]
Thetorsionalstiffnessofabeamswithnoncircularcrosssectionsissignificantlyincreasedifthewarping
oftheendsectionsisrestrainedby,forexample,stiffendblocks.[3]
PartialDerivation
Forabeamofuniformcrosssectionalongitslength:
where
istheangleoftwistinradians
Tistheappliedtorque
Listhebeamlength
Jisthemomentofinertia
GistheModulusofrigidity(shearmodulus)ofthematerial
Examplesforspecificuniformcrosssectionalshapes
Circle
[4]
where
ristheradius
ThisisidenticaltothesecondmomentofareaJzzandisexact.
alternativelywrite: [4]where
DistheDiameter
Ellipse
[5][6]
where
aisthemajorradius
bistheminorradius
Square
[7]
where
aishalfthesidelength
Rectangle
where
aisthelengthofthelongside
bisthelengthoftheshortside
isfoundfromthefollowingtable:
a/b
1.0 0.141
1.5 0.196
2.0 0.229
2.5 0.249
3.0 0.263
4.0 0.281
5.0 0.291
6.0 0.299
10.0 0.312
0.333
[8]
Alternativelythefollowingequationcanbeusedwithanerrorofnotgreaterthan4%:
[5]
Thinwalledopentubeofuniformthickness
[9]
tisthewallthickness
Uisthelengthofthemedianboundary(perimeterofmediancrosssection)
Circularthinwalledopentubeofuniformthickness(approximation)
Thisisatubewithaslitcutlongitudinallythroughitswall.
[10]
tisthewallthickness
risthemeanradius
Thisisderivedfromtheaboveequationforanarbitrarythinwalledopentubeofuniformthickness.
CommercialProducts
Thereareanumberspecializedsoftwaretoolstocalculatethetorsionconstantusingthefiniteelement
method.
ShapeDesigner(http://www.mechatools.com/en/shapedesigner.html)byMechatoolsTechnologies
(http://www.mechatools.com)
ShapeBuilder(http://www.iesweb.com/products/shapebuilder/index.htm)byIESWeb
(http://www.iesweb.com)
STAADSectionWizard(http://www.bentley.com/enUS/Products/STAAD.Pro/Sectionwizard.htm)
byBentley(http://www.bentley.com)
SectionAnalyzer(http://fornamagic.com/download.php?view.15)byFornamagicLtd
(http://www.fornamagic.com)
Strand7BXSGenerator(http://strand7.com)byStrand7PtyLimited(http://www.strand7.com)
References
1. ArchieHigdonetal."MechanicsofMaterials,4thedition".
2. Advancedstructuralmechanics,2ndEdition,DavidJohnson
3. TheInfluenceandModellingofWarpingRestraintonBeams(http://www.ramsay
maunder.co.uk/downloads/warping_article_web.pdf)
4. "AreaMomentofInertia."FromMathWorldAWolframWebResource.
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/AreaMomentofInertia.html
5. Roark'sFormulasforstress&Strain,7thEdition,WarrenC.Young&RichardG.Budynas
6. ContinuumMechanics,FridtjovIrjens,Springer2008,p238,ISBN9783540742975
7. TorsionEquations,RoyBeardmore,http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Torsion/Torsion.html
8. AdvancedStrengthandAppliedElasticity,Ugural&Fenster,Elsevier,ISBN0444001603
9. AdvancedMechanicsofMaterials,Boresi,JohnWiley&Sons,ISBN0471551570
10. Roark'sFormulasforstress&Strain,6thEdition,WarrenC.Young
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