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1.1 Design Soil Parameters

Reduced Depth of layer Soil Parameters Interaction Parameters

Sl.No. Description Level from ground c f gSub k d a
From To From To kN/m 2
deg. kN/m3
deg.
1 Fill 0 -2 0.0 2.0 0 0 6 0
2 Silty Clay -2 -7 2.0 7.0 15 0 7 0 0 0.3
3 Silty Sand -7 -11 7.0 11.0 0 30 8 2 30 0
4 Silty Sand -11 -16 11.0 16.0 0 32 8 2 32 0
5 Sand -16 -20 16.0 20.0 0 30 9 2 30 0
6 Silty Sand -20 -25 20.0 25.0 10 28 9 1.5 28 0.3

1.2 Pile Details

Existing ground level = 0 m

Pile Diameter, D = 0.4 m
Pile Cut-off level = -1.4 m
Dredge level = -1.4 m
Scour level = -1.4 m
Pile Founding level = -13.4 m
Depth from G.L.corresponding to F.L. = 13.4 m
Pile Embedment length = 12.0 m
Total Pile Length, L = 12.0 m
Pile Density = 25.0 kN/m3
Factor of Safety = 2.5

Pile Fixity condition at top = fixed (Fixed or Free)

Grade of Concrete = 25 N/mm2
Modulus of subgrade reaction at fixity zone = 4000 kN/m3
Type of soil in fixity zone = Sand (Sand or Clay)
Unsupported Length of Pile, L1 = 0.0 m
Allowable displacement of pile at head = 7.0 mm
(For Horizontal capacity)

1.3 Sketch
0 m, EBL

-1.4 m Cut-Off Level

-13.4 m, Found. Level

 2.0 Calculation of Vertical Capacity

Ultimate Capacity of Pile , Qult = Qb + Qs - Wp

Whetre, Qb = Ultimate End Bearing

Qs = Ultimate Skin Resistance
Wp = Self weight of Pile

Qsafe = Qult / FOS

Where, FOS = Factor of Safety

2.1 Calculation of Skin Resistances

2.1.1 Layer-1:
Layer thickness, L1 = 2 m
Pile embedment in the layer, h1 = 0.6 m

Ultimate Skin Resistance, Qs1 = (a * c1 + K * Pd1 * tand ) x As1

Where, Reduction factor, a = 0

Cohesion, c1 = 0 kN/m2
Coefficient of Lateral earth pressure, K = 0
Unit weight of soil , g1 = 6 kN/m3
Effective Overburden Pressure at middle of layer, P d1
Pd1 = h1/2 *g1 = 6 kN/m2
Angle of wall friction, d = 0 deg.
Surface area of Pile in layer 1, As1 = pi * D * h1 = 0.7536 m2

Ultimate Skin Resistance, Qs1 = (a*c1 + K*Pd1*tand ) x As1 = 0 kN

2.1.2 Layer-2:
Layer thickness, L2 = 5 m
Pile embedment in the layer, h1 = 5 m

Ultimate Skin Resistance, Qs2 = (a * c2 + K * Pd2 * tand ) x As2

Where, Reduction factor, a = 0.3

Cohesion, c2 = 15 kN/m2
Coefficient of Lateral earth pressure, K = 0
Unit weight of soil, g2 = 7 kN/m3
Effective Overburden Pressure at middle of layer, P d2
Pd2 = Pd1 + h1/2 *g1 + h2/2 *g2 = 29.5 kN/m2
Angle of wall friction, d = 0 deg.
Surface area of Pile in layer 2, As2 = pi * D * h2 = 6.28 m2

Ultimate Skin Resistance, Qs2 = (a*c2 + K*Pd2*tand ) x As2 = 28.26 kN

2.1.3 Layer-3:
Layer thickness, L3 = 4 m
Pile embedment in the layer, h3 = 4 m

Ultimate Skin Resistance, Qs3 = (a * c3 + K * Pd3 * tand ) x As3

Where, Reduction factor, a = 0

Cohesion, c3 = 0 kN/m2
Coefficient of Lateral earth pressure, K = 2
Unit weight of soil, g3 = 8 kN/m3
Effective Overburden Pressure at middle of layer, P d3
Pd3 = Pd2 + h2/2 *g2 + h3/2 *g3 = 63 kN/m2
Angle of wall friction, d = 30 deg.
Surface area of Pile in layer 3, As3 = pi * D * h3 = 5.024 m2

Ultimate Skin Resistance, Qs3 = (a*c3 + K*Pd3*tand ) x As3 = 365.2526 kN

2.1.4 Layer-4:
Layer thickness, L4 = 5 m
Pile embedment in the layer, h4 = 2.4 m

Ultimate Skin Resistance, Qs4 = (a * c4 + K * Pd4 * tand ) x As4

Where, Reduction factor, a = 0

Cohesion, c4 = 0 kN/m2
Coefficient of Lateral earth pressure, K = 2
Unit weight of soil, g4 = 8 kN/m3
Effective Overburden Pressure at middle of layer, P d4
Pd4 = Pd3 + h3/2 *g3 + h4/2 *g4 = 88.6 kN/m2
Angle of wall friction, d = 32 deg.
Surface area of Pile in layer 4, As4 = pi * D * h4 = 3.0144 m2

Ultimate Skin Resistance, Qs4 = (a*c4 + K*Pd4*tand ) x As4 = 334 kN

Total Ultimate Skin resistance, Qs = Qs1 +Qs2 +Qs3 +.. +Qsn = 727 kN
2.2 Ultimate End Bearing Resistance

Ultimate End bearing Resistance, Qb = (c* Nc + Pd * Nq ) * Ap

Where, Cohesion at Pile Toe, c = 0 kN/m2

Bearing Capacity Factor, Nc = 9
Effective overburden pressure at Pile tip, P d
Pd = Pd6 + h6/2 *g6 = 98.2 kN/m2
Angle of internal friction at pile toe,f = 32
Bearing Capacity Factor, Nq = 30
Area of Pile at toe, Ap = 0.1256 m2

Ultimate End bearing Resistance, Qb = (c* Nc + Pd * Nq ) * Ap = 370 kN

2.3 Self Weight of the Pile, Wp

Self weight of the Pile , Wp = Ap * L * gp

Where, Area of pile, Ap = 0.1256 m2
Total Length of Pile , L = 12 m
Unit Weight of Pile material, gp = 15 kN/m3

Self weight of the Pile , Wp = Ap * L * gp = 23 kN

2.4 Ultimate Capacity of the Pile , Qult = Qb + Qs - Wp

Where, Ultimate End Bearing, Qb = 370 kN

Ultimate Skin Resistance, Qs = 727 kN
Self weight of the Pile, Wp = 23 kN

Ultimate Capacity of the Pile , Qult = Qb + Qs - Wp = 1074 kN

2.5 Safe Capacity of Pile, Qsafe = Qult / FOS

Where, Ultimate Capacity of Pile, Qult = 1074 kN

Factor of Safety = 2.5

Safe Capacity of Pile, Qsafe = Qult / FOS = 430 kN

3.0 Tension Capacity of Pile

Ultimate Tension Capacity of the Pile , Qult(T) = 2/3 x Qs + Wp

Where, Ultimate Skin Resistance, Qs = 727 kN
Self weight of the Pile, Wp = 23 kN

Ultimate Tension Capacity of the Pile , Qult(T) = 2/3 x Qs + Wp = 507 kN

Safe Tension Capacity of the Pile , Qsafe(T) = Qult(T) / FoS

Where, FoS = Factor of Safety = 2.5
Safe Tension Capacity of the Pile , Qsafe(T) = Qult(T) / FoS = 203 kN

4.0 Fixity Depth Calculation

Pile fixity condition at top = fixed

Type of Soil in fixity zone = Sand
Modulus of subgrade reaction at fixity zone, K = 4000 kN/m3
Elastic modulus of concrete, Ec = 5000 * SQRT(fck)
Where, fck = Characteristic strength of concrete = 25 N/mm2
Elastic modulus of concrete, Ec = 5000 * SQRT(fck) = 25000 N/mm2
= 25000000 kN/m2
Moment of inertia of Pile, I = 3.14 /64 *D^4
where, D = Diameter of the pile = 0.4 m
Moment of inertia of Pile, I = 3.14 /64 *D^4 = 0.001 m4

Relative Stiffness factor, T = (EI/K)^(1/5) = 1.510 m

Unsupported length of pile, L1 = 0.0 m

Ratio of L1/T or L1/R = 0

Lf/T or Lf /R = = 2.18
Therefore, Fixity Depth , Lf = = 3.3 m
Fixity depth, in terms of diameter of pile = 8.23 times the dia

5.0 Minimum Pile Length for lateral Capacity

Minimum Pile Length for flexible pile, Lmin = > 4T

Where, T = Relative stiffness factor = 1.51 m

Let us consider a minimum length of pile , Lmin = 4.5 times T = 6.8 m

6.0 Horizontal Capacity of the Pile

Pile fixity condition at top = fixed

The horizontal capacity, H = 12*E*I*y / (L1+Lf)^3
Where, y = Diaplacement of pile at head = 0.007 m
E = Elastic modulus of pile material = 25000000 kN/m2
I = Moment of inertia = 0.001 m4
L1 = Unsupported length of pile = 0.00 m
Lf = Fixity length of pile = 3.29 m

The horizontal capacity, H = 12*E*I*y / (L1+Lf)^3 = 73.95 kN

7.0 Summary of Calculations

Pile Diameter = 0.40 m

Pile Cut-off level = -1.4 m
Pile Founding Level = -13.4 m
Safe Vertical Capacity = 430 kN
Safe Tension Capacity = 203 kN

Pile head Condition = fixed

Grade of Concrete = 25.00 N/mm2
Horizontal capacity for a Displacement of 7.0 mm = 74 kN
Minimum Pile length for Lateral Capacity = 6.8 m
Fixity Depth, Lf = 3.3 m