Objective: This Is A Preliminary Course For The Basic Courses in Mathematics Like, Abstract

Objective: This is a preliminary course for the basic courses in mathematics like, abstract
algebra and linear algebra. The objective is to acquaint students with the properties of natural
numbers i.e. Euclidean algorithm, congruence relation, fundamental theorem of arithmetic, etc.
The basics of linear algebra i.e. vector spaces, matrices are introduced here.
Expected Outcomes: Theacquired knowledge will help students to study further courses in
mathematics like, group theory, ring theory and field theory and linear algebra. It has
applications not only in higher mathematics but also in other science subjects like computer
science, statistics, physics, chemistry etc.
UNIT-I
Sets, relations,Equivalence relations, partial ordering, well ordering, Functions, Composition of

functions, Invertible functions, One to one correspondence and cardinality of a set, statements,
compound statements, proofs in Mathematics,Truth tables, Algebra of propositions, logical
arguments
UNIT-I
Well-ordering property of positive integers, Division algorithm, Divisibility and Euclidean

algorithm, Congruence relation between integers, Principles of Mathematical Induction,
statement of Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic.
UNIT-III
Matrices, algebra of matrices, determinants, fundamental properties, minors and cofactors,

product of determinant, adjoint and inverse of a matrix, Rank and nullity of a matrix,
Systems of linear equations, row reduction and echelon forms, solution sets of linear
systems, applications of linear systems,.
UNIT-IV
Vector spaces and subspaces, examples, linear independence, linear dependence, basis,
dimension, examples, Introduction to linear transformations, matrix representation of a linear
transformation, Eigen values, Eigen vectors of amatrix.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1.Edgar G. Goodaire and Michael M. Parmenter, Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory,
3rd Ed., Pearson Education (Singapore) P. Ltd., Indian Reprint, 2005.
2.V Krishna Murthy, V P Mainra, J L Arora, An Introduction to Linear Algebra , Affiliated
East-West Press Pvt. Ltd
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:
1. DavidC.Lay,LinearAlgebraanditsApplications,3rdEd.,PearsonEducationAsia,Indian
Reprint,2007.
2. B S Vatsa and Suchi Vatsa Theory of Matrices New age International third edition 2010.
3. Ward Cheney, David kincaid. Linear algebra theory and applications, Jones and Bartlett
,2010.
OR
GENERIC ELECTIVES ( FOR FOUR PAPERS CHOICE)
Generic Elective Paper III

REAL ANALYSIS
Objective: The objective of the course is to have the knowledge on basic properties of the field
of real numbers, studying Bolzano-Weiersstrass Theorem, sequences and convergence of
sequences, series of real numbers and its convergence etc. This is one of the core courses
essential to start doing mathematics.
Expected Outcome: On successful completion of this course, students will be able to

handle fundamental properties of the real numbers that lead to the formal development of real
analysis and understand limits and their use in sequences, series, differentiation and
integration. Students will appreciate how abstract ideas and rigorous methods in mathematical
analysis can be applied to important practical problems.
UNIT-I
Review of Algebraic and Order Properties of R, # -neighborhood of a point in R, Idea of

countable sets, uncountable sets and uncountability of R, Bounded above sets, Bounded below
sets, Bounded Sets, Unbounded sets, Suprema and Infima, The Completeness Property of R,
The Archimedean Property, Density of Rational (and Irrational) numbers in R.
UNIT-II
Intervals, Interior point, Open Sets, Closed sets, Limit points of a set , Illustrations of Bolzano-
Weierstrass theorem for sets, closure, interior and boundary of a set. Sequences, Bounded
sequence, Convergent sequence, Limit of a sequence. Limit Theorems ,Monotone Sequences,
Monotone Convergence Theorem. Subsequences, Divergence Criteria, Monotone Subsequence
Theorem (statement only). Bolzano Weierstrass Theorem for Sequences, Cauchy sequence,
Cauchy’s Convergence Criterion.
UNIT-III
Infinite series, convergence and divergence of infinite series, Cauchy Criterion,Tests for
convergence: Comparison test, Limit Comparison test, Ratio Test, Cauchy’s nth root test,
Integral test, Alternating series, Leibniz test, Absolute and Conditional convergence.
UNIT-IV
Sequence and Series of functions, point-wise and uniform convergences, ) test, M test,
statement of results about uniform convergence, differentiability and integrability of function,
power series and radius of convergence.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. S.C. Mallik and S. Arora-Mathematical Analysis, New Age InternationalPublications.
2. G. Das and S. Pattanayak, Fundamentals of Mathematical Analysis, TMH Publishing Co.
1. R.G. Bartle and D. R. Sherbert, Introduction to Real Analysis(3rd Edition), John Wiley and
Sons (Asia) Pvt. Ltd., Singapore,2002.
2. A.Kumar, S. Kumaresan, A basic course in Real Analysis, CRC Press, 2014.
3. BrianS.Thomson,Andrew.M.Bruckner,andJudithB.Bruckner,ElementaryReal Analysis,
Prentice Hall,2001.
4. Gerald G. Bilodeau, Paul R. Thie, G.E. Keough, An Introductionto Analysis, Jones &
Bartlett, Second Edition, 2010.
Generic Elective Paper IV
NUMERICAL METHODS
Objective: Calculation of error and approximation is a necessity in all real life, industrial and
scientific computing. The objective of this course is to acquaint students with various
numerical methods of finding solution of different type of problems, which arises in different
branches of science such as locating roots of equations, finding solution of nonlinear equations,
systems of linear equations, differential equations, Interpolation, differentiation, evaluating
integration.
Expected Outcome: Students can handle physical problems to find an approximated solution.
After getting trained a student can opt for advance courses in Numerical analysis in higher
mathematics. Use of good mathematical software will help in getting the accuracy one need
from the computer and can assess the reliability of the numerical results, and determine the
effect of round off error or loss of significance.
UNIT-I
Algorithms, Convergence, Bisection method, False position method, Fixed

pointiterationmethod, Newton’s method, Secant method.
Gauss Elimination and Gauss Jordan methods, LU decomposition, Gauss-Jacobi, Gauss-

Siedel.
UNIT-II
Lagrange and Newton interpolation: linear and higher order, finite differenceoperators.
UNIT-III
Numerical differentiation: forward difference, backward difference and centralDifference.
UNIT-IV
Integration: trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, Euler’smethod, Runge-Kutta methods of orders

two and four.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. M.K. Jain, S.R.K. Iyengar and R.K. Jain, Numerical Methods for Scientific
andEngineering Computation, 5th Ed., New age International Publisher, India,2007.
1. S. S. Sastry, Introductory method for Numerical Analysis, PHI New Delhi,2012.
2. S. D. Conte and Carl De Boor, Elementary Numerical Analysis, Mc Graw Hill, 1980.

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Objective: This is a preliminary course for the basic courses in mathematics like, abstract

Sets, relations,Equivalence relations, partial ordering, well ordering, Functions, Composition of

Well-ordering property of positive integers, Division algorithm, Divisibility and Euclidean

Matrices, algebra of matrices, determinants, fundamental properties, minors and cofactors,

GENERIC ELECTIVES ( FOR FOUR PAPERS CHOICE)

Generic Elective Paper III

Expected Outcome: On successful completion of this course, students will be able to

Review of Algebraic and Order Properties of R, # -neighborhood of a point in R, Idea of

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

Algorithms, Convergence, Bisection method, False position method, Fixed

Gauss Elimination and Gauss Jordan methods, LU decomposition, Gauss-Jacobi, Gauss-

Numerical differentiation: forward difference, backward difference and centralDifference.

Integration: trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, Euler’smethod, Runge-Kutta methods of orders

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