Suggested Answers To In-Text Activities and Unit-End Exercises Topic 3 Unit 12
Suggested Answers To In-Text Activities and Unit-End Exercises Topic 3 Unit 12
Suggested Answers To In-Text Activities and Unit-End Exercises Topic 3 Unit 12
Topic 3 Unit 12
Practice
P12.1 (page 73)
1 Number of molecules
= number of moles x L
= 0.160 mol x 6.02 x 1023 mol-1
= 9.63 x 1022
9.03×1023
= 6.02×1023 mol−1
= 1.50 mol
3 Number of molecules
= number of moles x L
= 3.50 mol x 6.02 x 1023 mol-1
= 2.11 x 1024
One NH3 molecule contains 4 atoms.
Number of atoms
= 4 x 2.11 x 1024
= 8.44 x 1024
214 g
= 164.1 gmol−1
= 1.30 mol
49.2 g
= 399.9g mol−1
= 0.123 mol
Number of formula units
= number of moles x L
= 0.123 mol x 6.02 x 1023 mol-1
= 7.40 x 1022
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8.00 g
= 16.0 g mol−1
= 0.500 mol
Number of atoms in the sample of CH4
= 0.500 mol x 6.02 x 1023 mol–1 x 5
= 2.50 x 6.02 x 1023
Number of atoms in the sample of CO2
= 3 x 6.02 x 1023
= 46.7%
∴ the percentage by mass of nitrogen in urea is 46.7%.
= 36.3 %
∴ the percentage by mass of water in hydrated zinc nitrate is 36.3%.
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∴the value of n is 2.
45.3 g
= 64.1 g mol−1
= 0.707 mol
2 According to the equation, 2 moles of SO2 react with O2 to make 2 moles of
SO3.
i.e. number of moles of SO3 made = 0.707 mol
3 Molar mass of SO3 = (32.1 + 3 x 16.0) g mol–1 = 80.1 g mol–1
Mass of SO3 made = number of moles of SO3 x molar mass of SO3
= 0.707 mol x 80.1 g mol–1
= 56.6 g
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Method 2
1 Molar mass of SO2 = (32.1 + 2 x 16.0) g mol–1 = 64.1 g mol–1
Molar mass of SO3= (32.1 + 3 x 16.0) g mol–1 = 80.1 g mol–1
2 According to the equation, 2 moles of SO2 react with O2 to make 2 moles of
SO3.
i.e. 2 x 64.1 g of SO2 react with O2 to make 2 x 80.1 g of SO3.
2×80.1 g
3 Mass of SO3 made = 45.3g × 2×64.1 g
= 56.6 g
∴ 56.6 g of SO3 are made.
2 PbO(s) Pb(s)
15.0 tonnes
Method 1
mass of Pb
1 Number of moles of Pb = molar mass of Pb
15.0×106 g
= 207.2 g mol−1
= 72 400 mol
2 According to the equation, 1 mole of PbO gives 1 mole of Pb in extraction.
i.e. number of moles of PbO = 72 400 mol
3 Molar mass of PbO = (207.2 + 16.0) g mol–1 = 223.2 g mol–1
Mass of PbO = number of moles of PbO x molar mass of PbO
= 72 400 mol x 223.2 g mol–1
= 1.62 x 107 g
= 16.2 tonnes
16.2
Mass of sample required = tonnes
78.0%
= 20.8 tonnes
Method 2
1 Molar mass of PbO = (207.2 + 16.0) g mol–1 = 223.2 g mol–1
2 According to the equation, 1 mole of PbO gives 1 mole of Pb in extraction.
i.e. 223.2 g of PbO give 207.2 g of Pb in extraction.
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223.2 g
3 Mass of PbO = 15.0 tonnes x 207.2 g
= 16.2 tonnes
16.2
Mass of sample required = tonnes
78.0%
= 20.8 tonnes
∴ 20.8 tonnes of sample are required.
55.3g
= 103.6 g mol−1
= 0.534 mol
2 According to the equation, 3 moles of SrO react with 2 moles of Al.
2
i.e. number of moles of Al = 3 × 0.534 mol
= 0.356 mol
3 Mass of Al = number of moles of Al x molar mass of Al
= 0.356 mol x 27.0 g mol–1
= 9.61 g
Method 2
1 Molar mass of SrO = (87.6 + 16.0) g mol–1 = 103.6 g mol–1
Molar mass of Al = 27.0 g mol–1
2 According to the equation, 3 moles of SrO react with 2 moles of Al.
i.e. 3 x 103.6 g of SrO react with 2 x 27.0 g of Al.
2×27.0𝑔
3 Mass of Al = 55.3 g x 3×103.6 𝑔
= 9.61 g
∴ 9.61 g of aluminium are required.
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7.48 g
= 55.8 g mol−1
= 0.134 mol
mass of S
Number of moles of S = molar mass of S
8.67 g
= 32.1 g mol−1
= 0.270 mol
According to the equation, 1 mole of Fe reacts with 1 mole of S.
In this reaction, 0.134 mole of Fe reacts with 0.134 mole of S.
Thus, S is in excess. Fe is the limiting reactant.
b) The amount of FeS made is determined by the amount of Fe.
Number of moles of FeS made = number of moles of Fe
= 0.134 mol
Molar mass of FeS = (55.8 + 32.1) g mol–1
= 87.9 g mol–1
Mass of FeS made = number of moles of FeS x molar mass of FeS
= 0.134 mol x 87.9 g mol–1
= 11.8 g
of Al2O3.
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= 0.0238 mol
Reaction 1 NaHCO3(s) NaOH(s)
1
Reaction 2 NaHCO3(s) Na2O(s)
2
1
Reaction 3 NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(s)
2
Mass of solid product if Reaction 1 occurs = 0.0238 mol x molar mass of NaOH
= 0.0238 mol x 40.0 g mol–1
= 0.952 g
0.0238
Mass of solid product if Reaction 2 occurs = mol x molar mass of Na2O
2
0.0238
= mol x 62.0 g mol–1
2
= 0.738 g
0.0238
Mass of solid product if Reaction 3 occurs = mol x molar mass of
2
Na2CO3
0.0238
= mol x 106.0 g mol–1
2
= 1.26 g
Thus, the solid product is sodium carbonate.
25.7 g
= 171.3 g mol−1
= 0.150 mol
Number of formula units = 0.150 mol x 6.02 x 1023 mol-1
= 9.03 x 1022
One formula unit of Ba(OH)2 contains 3 ions.
Number of ions = 3 x 9.03 x 1022
= 2.71 x 1023
1.699 g
= 58.7 g mol−1
= 0.0289 mol
Number of nickel atoms = 0.0289 mol x 6.02 x 1023 mol–1
= 1.74 x 1022
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5 A
6 D
= 52.4 %
8 C
10 C
= 0.600 mol
According to the equation, 2 moles of KClO3 decompose to produce 3
moles of O2.
i.e. 0.400 mole of KClO3 decomposes to produce 0.600 mole of O2.
Molar mass of KClO3 = (39.1 + 35.5 + 3 x 16.0) g mol–1
= 122.6 g mol–1
Mass of KClO3 = 0.400 mol x 122.6 g mol–1
= 49.0 g
35.8 g
= 79.5 g mol−1
= 0.450 mol
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= 0.300 mol
3 Mass of Al = Number of moles of Al x molar mass of Al
= 0.300 mol x 27.0 g mol-1
= 8.10 g
14 B 1 Molar mass of NH3 = (14.0 + 3 x 1.0) g mol–1 = 17.0 g mol–1
mass of NH3
Number of moles of NH3= molar mass of NH3
20.4 g
= 17.0 g mol−1
= 1.20 mol
2 According to the equation, 4 moles of NH3 react with 5 moles of O2.
5
i.e. number of moles of O2 = × 1.20 𝑚𝑜𝑙
4
= 1.50 mol
3 Molar mass of O2 = 2 x 16.0 g mol–1 = 32.0 g mol–1
Mass of O2 = number of moles of O2 x molar mass of O2
= 1.50 mol x 32.0 g mol–1
= 48.0 g
15 D PbCO3(s) Pb(s)
mass of Pb
1 Number of moles of Pb = molar mass of Pb
29.1 g
= 207.2 g mol−1
= 0.140 mol
2 1 mole of PbCO3 gives 1 mole of Pb in extraction.
i.e. number of moles of PbCO3 = 0.140 mol
3 Molar mass of PbCO3 = (207.2 + 12.0 + 3 x 16.0) g mol–1
= 267.2 g mol–1
Mass of PbCO3
= number of moles of PbCO3 x molar mass of PbCO3
= 0.140 mol x 267.2 g mol–1
= 37.4 g
37.4
Mass of ore = 68.0% g = 55.0 g
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16 D
19
20 a)
Tin Oxygen
1. Mass of 3.36 g 0.91 g
element
2. Number of 3.36 g 0.91 g (1)
moles of 118.7 g mol−1 16.0 g mol−1
atoms = 0.0283 mol = 0.0569 mol
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(1)
2.90 g
= 241.8 g mol−1
26 Method 1
1 Molar mass of C6H12O6 = (6 x 12.0 + 12 x 1.0 + 6 x 16.0) g mol–1
= 180.0 g mol–1
mass of C6 H12 O6
Number of moles of C6H12O6 = molar mass of C6 H12 O6
64.8g
= 180.0 g mol−1
= 69.1 g (1)
∴ 69.1 g of oxygen are required.
27 Method 1
1 Molar mass of NaN3 = (23.0 + 3 x 14.0) g mol–1 = 65.0 g mol–1
mass of NaN3
Number of moles of NaN3 = molar mass of NaN3
1.17×106 g
=65.0 g mol−1
mass of S
29 a) Number of moles of S = molar mass of S
0.0128 g
=
32.1 g mol−1
11.6 g
= 136.4 g mol−1
= 89.1% (1)
∴ the percentage purity of the sample of zinc powder is 89.1%.
31 a) Filtration (1)
b) Molar mass of Pb(NO3)2 = (207.2 + 2 x 14.0 + 6 x 16.0) g mol–1
= 331.2 g mol–1
mass of Pb(NO3 )2
Number of moles of Pb(NO3)2 used = molar mass of Pb(NO3 )2
10.0 g
=
331.2 g mol−1
5.20 g
= 65.0 g mol−1
163 000 g
= 189.9 g mol−1
81 000 g
=23.0
g mol−1
33 Experimental method
• Find the mass of the crucible and lid. (1)
• Find the mass of the crucible, lid and magnesium. (1)
• Heat the magnesium. (1)
• Lift the lid occasionally to allow oxygen in. Ensure that as little product
escapes as possible. (1)
• Heat until there is no further change. (1)
• Allow to cool. (1)
• Find the mass of the crucible, lid and magnesium oxide. (1)
• Repeat heating until a constant mass is obtained. (1)
Calculations
• Mass of magnesium
= mass of crucible, lid and magnesium – mass of crucible and lid
• Mass of magnesium oxide
= mass of crucible, lid and magnesium oxide – mass of crucible and lid
• Mass of oxygen = mass of magnesium oxide – mass of magnesium
= (0.700 – 0.420) g
= 0.280 g
• Mole ratio of magnesium atoms to oxygen atoms
0.420 g 0.280 g
= : (1)
24.3 g mol−1 16.0 g mol−1
= 0.0173 : 0.0175
• Ratio of magnesium atoms : oxygen atoms is 1 : 1.
• The empirical formula of the oxide is MgO. (1)
Communication mark (1)