Suggested Answers To In-Text Activities and Unit-End Exercises Topic 3 Unit 12

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Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

Suggested answers to in-text activities and unit-end exercises

Topic 3 Unit 12

Practice
P12.1 (page 73)
1 Number of molecules
= number of moles x L
= 0.160 mol x 6.02 x 1023 mol-1
= 9.63 x 1022

2 Number of moles of HNO3


number of molecules
= L

9.03×1023
= 6.02×1023 mol−1

= 1.50 mol

3 Number of molecules
= number of moles x L
= 3.50 mol x 6.02 x 1023 mol-1
= 2.11 x 1024
One NH3 molecule contains 4 atoms.
Number of atoms
= 4 x 2.11 x 1024
= 8.44 x 1024

P12.2 (page 75)


a) (12.0 + 4 x 1.0) g mol-1 = 16.0 g mol-1
b) (2 x 39.1 + 12.0 + 3 x 16.0) g mol-1 = 138.2 g mol-1
c) (2 x 12.0 + 6 x 16.0) g mol-1 = 46 g mol-1
d) (3 x 24.3 + 2 x 31.0 + 8 x 16.0) g mol-1 = 262.9 g mol-1
Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

P12.3 (page 78)


1 Molar mass of Ca(NO3)2
= (40.1 + 2 x 14.0 + 6 x 16.0) g mol-1
= 164.1 g mol-1
Number of moles of Ca(NO3)2 used
mass of Ca(NO3 )2
= molar mass of Ca(NO3 )2

214 g
= 164.1 gmol−1

= 1.30 mol

2 Complete the table.


Compound Molar mass (g mol-1) Mass (g) Number of moles (mol)

Ammonia (NH3) 17.0 59.5 3.50


Glucose 180.0 8.98 0.0499
(C6H12O6)
Potassium 294.2 648 2.20
dichromate
(K2Cr2O7)

Sodium sulphate 142.1 8.07 x 10-3 5.68 x 10-5


(Na2SO4)

P12.4 (page 79)


1 a) Molar mass of Fe2(SO4)3
= (2 x 55.8 + 3 x 32.1 + 12 x 16.0) g mol-1
= 399.9 g mol-1
Number of moles of Fe2(SO4)3
mass of Fe2 (SO4 )3
=molar mass of Fe2 (SO4 )3

49.2 g
= 399.9g mol−1

= 0.123 mol
Number of formula units
= number of moles x L
= 0.123 mol x 6.02 x 1023 mol-1
= 7.40 x 1022
Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

b) One formula unit of Fe2(SO4)3 contains 5 ions.


Number of ions = 5 x 7.40 x 1022
= 3.70 x 1023

2 Molar mass of CH4 = (12.0 + 4 x 1.0) g mol–1


= 16.0 g mol–1
Number of moles of CH4
mass of CH4
= molar mass of CH4

8.00 g
= 16.0 g mol−1

= 0.500 mol
Number of atoms in the sample of CH4
= 0.500 mol x 6.02 x 1023 mol–1 x 5
= 2.50 x 6.02 x 1023
Number of atoms in the sample of CO2
= 3 x 6.02 x 1023

∴ the sample of CO2 contains a greater number of atoms.

P12.5 (page 82)


1 Relative molecular mass of urea
= 12.0 + 4 x 1.0 + 2 x 14.0 + 16.0
= 60.0
Percentage by mass of nitrogen in urea
2 ×14.0
= × 100%
60.0

= 46.7%
∴ the percentage by mass of nitrogen in urea is 46.7%.

2 Formula mass of hydrated zinc nitrate


= 65.4 + 2 x 14.0 + 6 x 16.0 + 6 x (2 x 1.0 + 16.0)
= 297.4
Percentage by mass of water in hydrated zinc nitrate
6×(2×1.0+16.0)
= × 100%
297.4

= 36.3 %
∴ the percentage by mass of water in hydrated zinc nitrate is 36.3%.
Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

3 a) Let m be the relative atomic mass of X.


Formula mass of XCO3
= m + 12.0 + 3 x 16.0
= m + 60.0
Percentage by mass of X in XCO3
𝑚
= 51.4% = 𝑚+60.0 × 100%

51.4 x (m + 60.0) = 100m


51.4 m + 3 084 = 100m
m = 63.5
∴ the relative atomic mass of X is 63.5.
b) Copper

P12.6 (page 87)


1 100.0 g of the fluoride contain 29.7 g of sulphur and 70.3 g of fluoride.

∴ the empirical formula of the fluoride is SF4

2 Mass of oxygen in the oxide = (2.291 – 1.000) g


= 1.291 g

∴ the empirical formula of the oxide is P2O5.


Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

3 Mass of water driven off = (4.317 – 3.224) g


= 1.093 g

∴the value of n is 2.

P12.7 (page 89)


1 a) NH2
b) C2H5

2 Let (C3H4O3)n be the molecular formula of vitamin C.


Relative molecular mass of vitamin C = n(3 x 12.0 + 4 x 1.0 + 3 x 16.0)
= 88n
∴ 88n = 176.0
n=2
∴ the molecular formula of vitamin C is C6H8O6.

P12.8 (page 96)


1 2SO2(g) + O2(g)  2SO3(g)
Method 1
1 Molar mass of SO2 = (32.1 + 2 x 16.0) g mol–1 = 64.1 g mol–1
mass of SO2
Number of moles of SO2 = molar mass of SO2

45.3 g
= 64.1 g mol−1

= 0.707 mol
2 According to the equation, 2 moles of SO2 react with O2 to make 2 moles of
SO3.
i.e. number of moles of SO3 made = 0.707 mol
3 Molar mass of SO3 = (32.1 + 3 x 16.0) g mol–1 = 80.1 g mol–1
Mass of SO3 made = number of moles of SO3 x molar mass of SO3
= 0.707 mol x 80.1 g mol–1
= 56.6 g
Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

Method 2
1 Molar mass of SO2 = (32.1 + 2 x 16.0) g mol–1 = 64.1 g mol–1
Molar mass of SO3= (32.1 + 3 x 16.0) g mol–1 = 80.1 g mol–1
2 According to the equation, 2 moles of SO2 react with O2 to make 2 moles of
SO3.
i.e. 2 x 64.1 g of SO2 react with O2 to make 2 x 80.1 g of SO3.
2×80.1 g
3 Mass of SO3 made = 45.3g × 2×64.1 g

= 56.6 g
∴ 56.6 g of SO3 are made.

2 PbO(s)  Pb(s)
15.0 tonnes
Method 1
mass of Pb
1 Number of moles of Pb = molar mass of Pb

15.0×106 g
= 207.2 g mol−1

= 72 400 mol
2 According to the equation, 1 mole of PbO gives 1 mole of Pb in extraction.
i.e. number of moles of PbO = 72 400 mol
3 Molar mass of PbO = (207.2 + 16.0) g mol–1 = 223.2 g mol–1
Mass of PbO = number of moles of PbO x molar mass of PbO
= 72 400 mol x 223.2 g mol–1
= 1.62 x 107 g
= 16.2 tonnes
16.2
Mass of sample required = tonnes
78.0%

= 20.8 tonnes

Method 2
1 Molar mass of PbO = (207.2 + 16.0) g mol–1 = 223.2 g mol–1
2 According to the equation, 1 mole of PbO gives 1 mole of Pb in extraction.
i.e. 223.2 g of PbO give 207.2 g of Pb in extraction.
Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

223.2 g
3 Mass of PbO = 15.0 tonnes x 207.2 g

= 16.2 tonnes
16.2
Mass of sample required = tonnes
78.0%

= 20.8 tonnes
∴ 20.8 tonnes of sample are required.

3 3SrO(s) + 2Al(s) 3Sr(s) + Al2O3(s)


Method 1
1 Molar mass of SrO = (87.6 + 16.0) g mol–1 = 103.6 g mol–1
mass of SrO
Number of moles of SrO = molar mass of SrO

55.3g
= 103.6 g mol−1

= 0.534 mol
2 According to the equation, 3 moles of SrO react with 2 moles of Al.
2
i.e. number of moles of Al = 3 × 0.534 mol

= 0.356 mol
3 Mass of Al = number of moles of Al x molar mass of Al
= 0.356 mol x 27.0 g mol–1
= 9.61 g

Method 2
1 Molar mass of SrO = (87.6 + 16.0) g mol–1 = 103.6 g mol–1
Molar mass of Al = 27.0 g mol–1
2 According to the equation, 3 moles of SrO react with 2 moles of Al.
i.e. 3 x 103.6 g of SrO react with 2 x 27.0 g of Al.
2×27.0𝑔
3 Mass of Al = 55.3 g x 3×103.6 𝑔

= 9.61 g
∴ 9.61 g of aluminium are required.
Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

P12.9 (page 99)


mass of Fe
1 a) Number of moles of Fe = molar mass of Fe

7.48 g
= 55.8 g mol−1

= 0.134 mol
mass of S
Number of moles of S = molar mass of S

8.67 g
= 32.1 g mol−1

= 0.270 mol
According to the equation, 1 mole of Fe reacts with 1 mole of S.
In this reaction, 0.134 mole of Fe reacts with 0.134 mole of S.
Thus, S is in excess. Fe is the limiting reactant.
b) The amount of FeS made is determined by the amount of Fe.
Number of moles of FeS made = number of moles of Fe
= 0.134 mol
Molar mass of FeS = (55.8 + 32.1) g mol–1
= 87.9 g mol–1
Mass of FeS made = number of moles of FeS x molar mass of FeS
= 0.134 mol x 87.9 g mol–1
= 11.8 g

2 According to the equation, 4 moles of Al react with 3 moles of O2 to give 2


moles of Al2O3.
3 𝑁
In this reaction, N moles of Al react with 4N moles of O2 to give moles
2

of Al2O3.
Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

Problem Solving (page 97)


1 Molar mass of NaHCO3 = (23.0 + 1.0 + 12.0 + 3 x 16.0) g mol–1
= 84.0 g mol–1
2.00 g
Number of moles of NaHCO3 heated = 84.0 g mol−1

= 0.0238 mol
Reaction 1 NaHCO3(s) NaOH(s)
1
Reaction 2 NaHCO3(s)  Na2O(s)
2

1
Reaction 3 NaHCO3(s)  Na2CO3(s)
2

Mass of solid product if Reaction 1 occurs = 0.0238 mol x molar mass of NaOH
= 0.0238 mol x 40.0 g mol–1
= 0.952 g
0.0238
Mass of solid product if Reaction 2 occurs = mol x molar mass of Na2O
2

0.0238
= mol x 62.0 g mol–1
2

= 0.738 g
0.0238
Mass of solid product if Reaction 3 occurs = mol x molar mass of
2

Na2CO3
0.0238
= mol x 106.0 g mol–1
2

= 1.26 g
Thus, the solid product is sodium carbonate.

2 2NaHCO3(s)  Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g)


Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

Unit Exercise (pages 102-108)


1 a) number of particles
b) molar mass
c) mass of substance
d) empirical
e) molecular

2 A One methane molecule contains 5 atoms.

3 C Molar mass of Ba(OH)2 = (137.3 + 2 x 16.0 + 2 x 1.0) g mol-1


= 171.3 g mol-1
mass of Ba(OH)2
Number of moles of Ba(OH)2 = molar mass of Ba(OH)2

25.7 g
= 171.3 g mol−1

= 0.150 mol
Number of formula units = 0.150 mol x 6.02 x 1023 mol-1
= 9.03 x 1022
One formula unit of Ba(OH)2 contains 3 ions.
Number of ions = 3 x 9.03 x 1022
= 2.71 x 1023

4 A Mass of nickel = 9.440 g x 18.0%


= 1.699 g
mass of nickel
Number of moles of nickel = molar mass of nickel

1.699 g
= 58.7 g mol−1

= 0.0289 mol
Number of nickel atoms = 0.0289 mol x 6.02 x 1023 mol–1
= 1.74 x 1022
Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

5 A

∴ 3.00 g of ammonia contain the greatest number of atoms.

6 D

7 B Formula mass of KCl = 39.1 + 35.5 = 74.6


Percentage by mass of potassium in KCl
39.1
= × 100%
74.6

= 52.4 %

8 C

∴ the empirical formula of the compound is N2O3.


Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

9 C Percentage by mass of hydrogen in C10H16O


16.0×1.0
= × 100%
relative molecular mass of C10 H16 O

Percentage by mass of oxygen in C10H16O


16.0
= × 100%
relative molecular mass of C10 H16 O

Thus, C10H16O contains the same percentage by mass of hydrogen and


oxygen.

10 C

11 D According to the equation, 2 moles of HgO produce 1 mole of O2.


i.e. 0.460 mole of HgO is required to produce 0.230 mole of O2.
Molar mass of HgO = (200.6 + 16.0) g mol–1
= 216.6 g mol–1
Mass of HgO = number of moles of HgO x molar mass of HgO
= 0.460 mol x 216.6 g mol–1
= 99.6 g

12 A Molar mass of O2 = (2 x 16.0) g mol–1 = 32.0 g mol-1


19.2 g
Number of moles of O2 =
32.0 g mol−1

= 0.600 mol
According to the equation, 2 moles of KClO3 decompose to produce 3
moles of O2.
i.e. 0.400 mole of KClO3 decomposes to produce 0.600 mole of O2.
Molar mass of KClO3 = (39.1 + 35.5 + 3 x 16.0) g mol–1
= 122.6 g mol–1
Mass of KClO3 = 0.400 mol x 122.6 g mol–1
= 49.0 g

13 A 1 Molar mass of CuO = (63.5 +16.0) g mol-1 = 79.5 g mol-1


mass of CuO
Number of moles of CuO = molar mass of CuO

35.8 g
= 79.5 g mol−1

= 0.450 mol
Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

2 According to the equation, 3 moles of CuO react with 2 moles of AI.


2
i.e. number of moles of Al = 3 × 0.450 mol

= 0.300 mol
3 Mass of Al = Number of moles of Al x molar mass of Al
= 0.300 mol x 27.0 g mol-1
= 8.10 g
14 B 1 Molar mass of NH3 = (14.0 + 3 x 1.0) g mol–1 = 17.0 g mol–1
mass of NH3
Number of moles of NH3= molar mass of NH3

20.4 g
= 17.0 g mol−1

= 1.20 mol
2 According to the equation, 4 moles of NH3 react with 5 moles of O2.
5
i.e. number of moles of O2 = × 1.20 𝑚𝑜𝑙
4

= 1.50 mol
3 Molar mass of O2 = 2 x 16.0 g mol–1 = 32.0 g mol–1
Mass of O2 = number of moles of O2 x molar mass of O2
= 1.50 mol x 32.0 g mol–1
= 48.0 g

15 D PbCO3(s)  Pb(s)
mass of Pb
1 Number of moles of Pb = molar mass of Pb

29.1 g
= 207.2 g mol−1

= 0.140 mol
2 1 mole of PbCO3 gives 1 mole of Pb in extraction.
i.e. number of moles of PbCO3 = 0.140 mol
3 Molar mass of PbCO3 = (207.2 + 12.0 + 3 x 16.0) g mol–1
= 267.2 g mol–1
Mass of PbCO3
= number of moles of PbCO3 x molar mass of PbCO3
= 0.140 mol x 267.2 g mol–1
= 37.4 g
37.4
Mass of ore = 68.0% g = 55.0 g
Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

16 D

17 B According to the equation, 2 moles of NO react with 1 mole of O2 to give 2


moles of NO2.In this reaction, 5.0 moles of NO react with 2.5 moles of O2
to give 5.0 moles of NO2.
18
Iron Titanium Oxygen

1. Mass of 5.41 g 4.64 g 4.65 g


element
2. Number of 5.41 g 4.64 g 4.65g (1)
moles of 55.8 g mol−1 47.9 g mol−1 16.0 g mol−1
atoms = 0.0970 mol = 0.0969 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 0.291 mol
3. Mole ratio 0.0970 0.0969 0.291 (1)
= 1.00 = 1.00 = 3.00
of atoms 0.0969 0.0969 0.0969

∴ the empirical formula of the compound is FeTiO3.

19

20 a)
Tin Oxygen
1. Mass of 3.36 g 0.91 g
element
2. Number of 3.36 g 0.91 g (1)
moles of 118.7 g mol−1 16.0 g mol−1
atoms = 0.0283 mol = 0.0569 mol
Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

3. Mole ratio of 0.0283 0.0569 (1)


= 1.00 = 2.01
atoms 0.0283 0.0283
∴ the empirical formula of the compound is SnO2.
b)

(1)

21 Mass of oxygen in oxide = (3.93 – 3.49) g = 0.44 g


Copper Oxygen
1. Mass of 3.49 g 0.44 g
element
2. Number 3.49g 0.44g (1)
= 0.0550 mol
of moles of 63.5 g mol−1 16.0 g mol−1
atoms = 0.0275 mol
3. Mole 0.0550 0.0275 (1)
= 2.00 = 1.00
ratio of 0.0275 0.0275
atoms

∴ the empirical formula of the oxide is Cu2O.

22 Percentage by mass of calcium phosphate in sample


= (100 – 18.8)% = 81.2%
Mass of anhydrous calcium phosphate in sample
= 9.00 g × 81.2% (1)
= 7.31 g (1)

23 Formula mass of BaCl2•xH2O = 137.3 + 2 x 35.5 + x(2 x 1.0 + 16.0)


= 208.3 + 18x
18𝑥
Percentage by mass of water in BaCl2•xH2O= 14.7% = 208.3+18𝑥 × 100% (1)

14.7(208.3 + 18x) = 100(18x)


x = 1.99 (1)
∴ the value of x is 2.
Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

24 a) Mass of water removed = (2.287 – 1.344) g = 0.943 g


NiSO4 H2O
1. Mass of 1.344 g 0.943 g
compound
2. Number of 1.344g 0.943g (1)
= 0.0524 mol
moles of 154.8 g mol−1 18.0 g mol−1
compound = 8.68 × 10−3 mol
3. Mole ratio 8.68 × 10−3 0.0524 (1)
= 1.00 = 6.04
of 8.68 × 10−3 8.68 × 10−3
compound
∴ the value of x is 6.
b) Repeat heating the solid. (1)
Check that the mass is unchanged. (1)

25 a) Molar mass of Fe(NO3)3 = (55.8 + 3 x 14.0 + 9 x 16.0) g mol–1


= 241.8 g mol–1
mass of Fe(NO3 )3
Number of moles of Fe(NO3)3 = molar mass of Fe(NO3 )3

2.90 g
= 241.8 g mol−1

= 0.0120 mol (1)


According to the equation, 4 moles of Fe(NO3)3 are converted to 2 moles of
Fe2O3 and 3 moles of O2 when heated.
0.0120
i.e. number of moles of Fe2O3 = mol
2

= 0.00600 mol (1)


3
number of moles of O2 = × 0.0120 mol
4

= 0.00900 mol (1)


–1 –1
i) Molar mass of Fe2O3 = (2 x 55.8 + 3 x 16.0) g mol = 159.6 g mol
Mass of Fe2O3 = number of moles of Fe2O3 x molar mass of Fe2O3
= 0.00600 mol x 159.6 g mol–1
= 0.958 g (1)
23
ii) Number of O2 molecules = 0.00900 mol x 6.02 x 10 mol
= 5.42 x 1021 (1)
b) Other products are gases. (1)
Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

26 Method 1
1 Molar mass of C6H12O6 = (6 x 12.0 + 12 x 1.0 + 6 x 16.0) g mol–1
= 180.0 g mol–1
mass of C6 H12 O6
Number of moles of C6H12O6 = molar mass of C6 H12 O6

64.8g
= 180.0 g mol−1

= 0.360 mol (1)


2 According to the equation, 1 mole of C6H12O6 requires 6 moles of O2 for
combustion.
i.e. number of moles of O2 = 6 x 0.360 mol
= 2.16 mol (1)
3 Molar mass of O2 = 2 x 16.0 g mol–1 = 32.0 g mol–1
Mass of O2 = number of moles of O2 x molar mass of O2
= 2.16 mol x 32.0 g mol–1
= 69.1 g (1)
Method 2
1 Molar mass of C6H12O6 = (6 x 12.0 + 12 x 1.0 + 6 x 16.0) g mol–1
= 180.0 g mol–1
Molar mass of O2 = 2 x 16.0 g mol–1 = 32.0 g mol–1
2 According to the equation, 1 mole of C6H12O6 requires 6 moles of O2 for
combustion.
i.e. 180.0 g of C6H12O6 require 6 x 32.0 g of O2 for combustion. (1)
6×32.0 g
3 Mass of O2 = 64.8 g x (1)
180.0 g

= 69.1 g (1)
∴ 69.1 g of oxygen are required.

27 Method 1
1 Molar mass of NaN3 = (23.0 + 3 x 14.0) g mol–1 = 65.0 g mol–1
mass of NaN3
Number of moles of NaN3 = molar mass of NaN3

1.17×106 g
=65.0 g mol−1

= 1.80 x 104 mol (1)


2 According to the equation, 2 moles of NaNH2 react with N2O to make 1
mole of NaN3.
i.e. number of moles of NaNH2 = 2 x 1.80 x 104 mol = 3.60 x 104 mol (1)
Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

3 Molar mass of NaNH2 = (23.0 + 14.0 + 2 x 1.0) g mol–1 = 39.0 g mol–1


Mass of NaNH2 = number of moles of NaNH2 × molar mass of NaNH2
= 3.60 x 104 mol x 39.0 g mol–1
= 1.40 x 106 g
= 1.40 tonnes (1)
Method 2
1 Molar mass of NaNH2 = (23.0 + 14.0 + 2 x 1.0) g mol–1 = 39.0 g mol–1
Molar mass of NaN3 = (23.0 + 3 x 14.0) g mol–1 = 65.0 g mol–1
2 According to the equation, 2 moles of NaNH2 react with N2O to make 1
mole of NaN3.
i.e. 2 x 39.0 g of NaNH2 react with N2O to make 65.0 g of NaN3. (1)
2×39.0 g
3 Mass of NaNH2 = 1.17 tonnes × (1)
65.0 g

= 1.40 tonnes (1)


∴ 1.40 tonnes of NaNH2 are needed.

28 Answers for the HKDSE question are not provided.

mass of S
29 a) Number of moles of S = molar mass of S

0.0128 g
=
32.1 g mol−1

= 3.99 x 10–4 mol (1)


b) Number of moles of Ag2S removed = number of moles of S removed
= 3.99 x 10–4 mol
According to the equation, 3 moles of Ag2S react with 2 moles of Al.
2
i.e. number of moles of Al = × 3.99 × 10−4 mol
3

= 2.66 x 10–4 mol (1)


Mass of Al = number of moles of Al x molar mass of Al
= 2.66 x 10–4 mol x 27.0 g mol–1
= 7.18 x 10–3 g (1)
∴ 7.18 x 10–3 g of aluminium was used.
Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

30 Molar mass of ZnCl2 = (65.4 + 2 x 35.5) g mol–1


= 136.4 g mol–1
mass of ZnCl2
Number of moles of ZnCl2 = molar mass of ZnCl2

11.6 g
= 136.4 g mol−1

= 0.0850 mol (1)


According to the equation, 1 mole of Zn reacts with HCl to produce 1 mole of
ZnCl2.
i.e. number of moles of Zn = 0.0850 mol (1)
Mass of Zn = number of moles of Zn x molar mass of Zn
= 0.0850 mol x 65.4 g mol–1
= 5.56 g (1)
5.56 g
Percentage purity of sample = × 100%
6.24 g

= 89.1% (1)
∴ the percentage purity of the sample of zinc powder is 89.1%.

31 a) Filtration (1)
b) Molar mass of Pb(NO3)2 = (207.2 + 2 x 14.0 + 6 x 16.0) g mol–1
= 331.2 g mol–1
mass of Pb(NO3 )2
Number of moles of Pb(NO3)2 used = molar mass of Pb(NO3 )2

10.0 g
=
331.2 g mol−1

= 0.0302 mol (1)


Molar mass of NaN3 = (23.0 + 3 x 16.0) g mol–1
= 65.0 g mol–1
mass of NaN3
Number of moles of NaN3 = molar mass of NaN3

5.20 g
= 65.0 g mol−1

= 0.0800 mol (1)


According to the equation, 1 mole of Pb(NO3)2 reacts with 2 moles of NaN3
to produce 1 mole of Pb(N3)2. In this reaction, 0.0302 mole of Pb(NO3)2
reacts with 0.0604 mole of NaN3.
Thus, NaN3 is in excess. The amount of Pb(NO3)2 limits the amount of
Pb(N3)2 produced. (1)
Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

Number of moles of Pb(N3)2 = 0.0302 mol (1)


–1
Molar mass of Pb(N3)2 = (207.2 + 6 x 14.0) g mol
= 291.2 g mol–1
Mass of Pb(N3)2 = number of moles of Pb(N3)2 x molar mass of Pb(N3)2
= 0.0302 mol x 291.2 g mol–1
= 8.79 g (1)
∴ 8.79 g of Pb(N3)2 are produced.

32 a) i) TiCl4(g) + 4 Na(l) Ti(s) + 4 NaCl(l) (1)


ii) Titanium is less reactive than sodium. (1)
b) Argon is unreactive. (1)
Water vapour would react with sodium. /
Air contains oxygen that would react with the reactants. (1)

c) Molar mass of TiCl4 = (47.9 + 4 x 35.5) g mol–1


= 189.9 g mol–1
mass of TiCl4
Number of moles of TiCl4 = molar mass of TiCl4

163 000 g
= 189.9 g mol−1

= 858 mol (1)


mass of Na
Number of moles of Na = molar mass of Na

81 000 g
=23.0
g mol−1

= 3 520 mol (1)


According to the equation, 1 mole of TiCl4 reacts with 4 moles of Na.
In this reaction, 858 moles of TiCl4 react with 4 x 858 moles of Na.
Thus, Na is in excess. TiCl4 is the limiting reactant. (1)
The amount of Ti produced is determined by the amount of TiCl4.
Number of moles of Ti = 858 mol (1)
Mass of Ti = number of moles of Ti x molar mass of Ti
= 858 mol x 47.9 g mol–1
= 41 100 g (1)
= 41.1 kg
∴ 41.1 kg of titanium were produced. (1)
Topic 3 Metals Mastering Chemistry

33 Experimental method
• Find the mass of the crucible and lid. (1)
• Find the mass of the crucible, lid and magnesium. (1)
• Heat the magnesium. (1)
• Lift the lid occasionally to allow oxygen in. Ensure that as little product
escapes as possible. (1)
• Heat until there is no further change. (1)
• Allow to cool. (1)
• Find the mass of the crucible, lid and magnesium oxide. (1)
• Repeat heating until a constant mass is obtained. (1)

Calculations
• Mass of magnesium
= mass of crucible, lid and magnesium – mass of crucible and lid
• Mass of magnesium oxide
= mass of crucible, lid and magnesium oxide – mass of crucible and lid
• Mass of oxygen = mass of magnesium oxide – mass of magnesium
= (0.700 – 0.420) g
= 0.280 g
• Mole ratio of magnesium atoms to oxygen atoms
0.420 g 0.280 g
= : (1)
24.3 g mol−1 16.0 g mol−1

= 0.0173 : 0.0175
• Ratio of magnesium atoms : oxygen atoms is 1 : 1.
• The empirical formula of the oxide is MgO. (1)
Communication mark (1)

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