DPS 232

User Manual

This manual contains the information necessary to

configure and operate the DPS 232 equipment on a vessel.
For all other information about the DPS 232, please
consult the DPS 232 Installation Manual.
DPS 232

About this document

Rev Date Written by Checked by Approved by

Rev. 6 2010-10-01 NG MS NG

Revised due to new software release as well as new document template

Rev. 7 2010-12-09 NG MS NG

Speed View, DGNSS View, DGNSS Monitor updated. IALA now part of standard
configuration.

Copyright
© 2010 Kongsberg Seatex AS. All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the
copyright hereon may be reproduced or otherwise copied without prior permission from
Kongsberg Seatex AS.

Disclaimer
The information contained in this document is subject to change without prior notice.
Kongsberg Seatex AS shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this
document.

This DPS system is not an ECDIS system, hence type approval according to IMO
ECDIS performance standards is not applicable.
Although Kongsberg Seatex AS has made every effort to obtain all electronic map and
chart data from professional and authorised providers, their accuracy and completeness
are not guaranteed. Map data may contain some non-conformities, defects, errors and/or
omissions.
The electronic charts should therefore be used only as a backup to official government
paper charts and traditional navigation methods. Users of the information displayed in
map charts are strongly cautioned to verify all information before making any decisions.

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Table of contents
1  PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ................................................... 1 
1.1  Purpose and applications .......................................................................................... 1 
1.2  System components.................................................................................................. 1 
1.2.1  DPS unit .............................................................................................................. 3 
1.2.2  External input and output serial lines .................................................................. 4 
1.3  Networked architecture ............................................................................................ 4 
1.4  Position determination ............................................................................................. 4 
1.5  GNSS systems ..........................................................................................................5 
1.5.1  GPS - Global Positioning System........................................................................ 5 
1.5.2  GLONASS - Global Navigation Satellite System ............................................... 6 
1.5.3  Differential GPS (DGPS) and differential GLONASS (DGLONASS) .............. 7 
1.5.4  SBAS system description .................................................................................... 9 

2  OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS ........................................... 13 

2.1  Screen sections views.............................................................................................13 
2.1.1  Switch and select views ..................................................................................... 14 
2.2  Top bar ................................................................................................................... 14 
2.3  Target Monitoring View ........................................................................................16 
2.3.1  Symbols ............................................................................................................. 18 
2.3.2  Select or deselect target ..................................................................................... 19 
2.3.3  Select measurement point .................................................................................. 20 
2.3.4  Add target .......................................................................................................... 20 
2.3.5  Target list ........................................................................................................... 21 
2.3.6  Pan and zoom displayed area............................................................................. 21 
2.4  Sky View ................................................................................................................21 
2.5  Speed View ............................................................................................................ 23 
2.6  DGNSS Views .......................................................................................................24 
2.7  Integrity View ........................................................................................................ 25 
2.7.1  Quality assessment of position data................................................................... 27 
2.7.2  The DQI figure .................................................................................................. 27 
2.8  View menu .............................................................................................................29 
2.8.1  Display mode ..................................................................................................... 29 

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2.8.2  View .................................................................................................................. 30 

2.8.3  Display format ................................................................................................... 31 
2.8.4  Bars .................................................................................................................... 32 
2.9  Chart menu .............................................................................................................33 
2.9.1  Zoom ................................................................................................................. 33 
2.9.2  Automatic pan and zoom ................................................................................... 33 
2.9.3  Display options .................................................................................................. 34 
2.10  Alarm menu............................................................................................................36 
2.10.1  Alarm history view ............................................................................................ 37 
2.11  Target menu ........................................................................................................... 38 
2.11.1  Target configuration .......................................................................................... 38 
2.11.2  Target editing..................................................................................................... 39 
2.11.3  AIS targets ......................................................................................................... 45 
2.12  Tools menu .............................................................................................................46 
2.12.1  Utilities .............................................................................................................. 46 
2.12.2  Diagnostics ........................................................................................................ 49 
2.12.3  Log..................................................................................................................... 54 
2.12.4  C-Map ................................................................................................................ 54 
2.13  System menu ..........................................................................................................56 
2.13.1  Own vessel......................................................................................................... 56 
2.13.2  Configuration..................................................................................................... 57 
2.13.3  Operator software configuration ........................................................................ 57 
2.13.4  Information ........................................................................................................ 69 
2.13.5  System control ................................................................................................... 70 
2.13.6  Restart ................................................................................................................ 71 
2.13.7  Stop .................................................................................................................... 71 
2.13.8  Shutdown ........................................................................................................... 72 

3  MAINTENANCE ................................................................ 73 

3.1  Periodic maintenance ............................................................................................. 73 
3.1.1  Cleaning of air inlet ........................................................................................... 73 
3.2  Software upgrades .................................................................................................. 73 
3.2.1  Upgrade troubleshooting ................................................................................... 77 

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3.3  Repairs and modifications ......................................................................................78 

3.3.1  Exchange of GNSS antenna cable ..................................................................... 78 
3.3.2  Exchange of GNSS antenna .............................................................................. 78 
3.3.3  Repair of DPS unit............................................................................................. 79 
3.3.4  Installation of spare DPS unit ............................................................................ 79 
3.4  Troubleshooting .....................................................................................................80 
3.4.1  No mouse cursor ................................................................................................ 80 
3.4.2  No zoom buttons................................................................................................ 80 
3.4.3  No satellites tracked by receiver ........................................................................ 80 
3.4.4  Few satellites tracked by receiver ...................................................................... 82 
3.4.5  Loss of differential corrections .......................................................................... 82 
3.4.6  IALA beacon signal missing ............................................................................. 84 
3.4.7  Loss of gyro signal ............................................................................................ 86 
3.4.8  External output problems .................................................................................. 87 
3.4.9  Operating system problems ............................................................................... 87 
3.4.10  Copy configuration and logged data .................................................................. 88 

4  PARTS LIST ..................................................................... 89 

APPENDIX A  DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY ...................... 93 

List of figures
Figure 1 Typical DPS 232 configuration......................................................................... 2 
Figure 2 Front panel of DPS unit .................................................................................... 3 
Figure 3 Rear panel of DPS unit......................................................................................4 
Figure 4 Differential GPS/GLONASS (DGPS/DGLONASS) concept .......................... 8 
Figure 5 Orbit and clock concept ....................................................................................9 
Figure 6 SBAS coverage ...............................................................................................10 
Figure 7 Main view sections..........................................................................................13 
Figure 8 Top bar ............................................................................................................ 14 
Figure 9 Target Monitoring View .................................................................................16 
Figure 10 TMV layer principle...................................................................................... 17 
Figure 11 TMV displaying DT, BT and ETE to target ................................................. 17 

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Figure 12 Sample map section showing own vessel and AIS targets ........................... 19 
Figure 13 Selecting target in the TMV .......................................................................... 20 
Figure 14 Sky view ........................................................................................................ 21 
Figure 15 Satellite colours ............................................................................................. 22 
Figure 16 Satellites with two signal-to-noise bars......................................................... 22 
Figure 17 Tooltip for GPS satellite with corrections.....................................................22 
Figure 18 Tooltip for GLONASS satellite with corrections ......................................... 22 
Figure 19 DGNSS status view ....................................................................................... 24 
Figure 20 DGNSS age view .......................................................................................... 25 
Figure 21 Integrity view ................................................................................................26 
Figure 22 View menu ....................................................................................................29 
Figure 23 Dusk .............................................................................................................. 30 
Figure 24 Day black ...................................................................................................... 30 
Figure 25 Browse views with F2 key ............................................................................ 30 
Figure 26 Switch views with F3 key .............................................................................31 
Figure 27 Chart menu .................................................................................................... 33 
Figure 28 TMV with EBL enabled ................................................................................ 35 
Figure 29 Alarm menu................................................................................................... 36 
Figure 30 Export alarm log view ................................................................................... 36 
Figure 31 Alarm history view – Status tab .................................................................... 37 
Figure 32 Alarm log view – History tab ........................................................................ 38 
Figure 33 Target menu ..................................................................................................38 
Figure 34 Target list ...................................................................................................... 39 
Figure 35 Target editor .................................................................................................. 40 
Figure 36 Edit target – selection of target shape ........................................................... 41 
Figure 37 Target editor - position tab (UTM) ............................................................... 43 
Figure 38 Target editor - monitoring points .................................................................. 44 
Figure 39 Alarm circles as displayed in TMV .............................................................. 44 
Figure 40 Target editor – alarm circles ......................................................................... 45 
Figure 41 Tools menu ....................................................................................................46 
Figure 42 Satellite Prediction ........................................................................................47 
Figure 43 Adding sector into the Satellite Prediction Sky view....................................48 
Figure 44 Track plot ...................................................................................................... 48 

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Figure 45 Close up of satellite prediction graphs ..........................................................49 

Figure 46 DGNSS Monitor, RTCM stations .................................................................51 
Figure 47 DGNSS Monitor, SBAS ............................................................................... 52 
Figure 48 DGNSS Monitor, HP/XP/G2 ........................................................................ 53 
Figure 49 Data Viewer application................................................................................ 54 
Figure 50 System menu ................................................................................................. 56 
Figure 51 Selection of Monitoring Point ....................................................................... 56 
Figure 52 NavEngine Configuration menu ................................................................... 57 
Figure 53 Operator software configuration - View .......................................................57 
Figure 54 Operator software configuration - Alarms ....................................................58 
Figure 55 Operator software configuration - Data source .............................................59 
Figure 56 Operator software configuration - DCW chart..............................................60 
Figure 57 Operator software configuration - C-Map chart............................................61 
Figure 58 Green arrow...................................................................................................62 
Figure 59 Use red port/aft arrows ..................................................................................62 
Figure 60 Operator software configuration - General ................................................... 62 
Figure 61 Operator software configuration - UTM options ..........................................64 
Figure 62 Operator software configuration - AIS .........................................................65 
Figure 63 Operator software configuration - Sky view .................................................65 
Figure 64 Selection of correction satellites to display................................................... 66 
Figure 65 Correction satellite tooltip .............................................................................66 
Figure 66 Sky view with correction satellites, signal strength bar, track plots and
shadow sector .................................................................................................................. 67 
Figure 67 Operator software configuration - Seabed maps ...........................................68 
Figure 68 Seabed maps import and map details ............................................................68 
Figure 69 Seabed map layer in TMV ............................................................................ 69 
Figure 70 Quick Help dialog ......................................................................................... 70 
Figure 71 Change system mode options ........................................................................70 
Figure 72 Restart options............................................................................................... 71 
Figure 73 Stop options................................................................................................... 71 
Figure 74 Start Operator SW ......................................................................................... 72 
Figure 75 Shutdown options .......................................................................................... 72 
Figure 76 Software upgrade dialog ............................................................................... 74 

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Figure 77 Information message .....................................................................................74 

Figure 78 Version information ......................................................................................75 
Figure 79 .NET framework required .............................................................................75 
Figure 80 GNSS receiver FW upgrade ..........................................................................76 
Figure 81 NavEngine upgrade status ............................................................................. 76 
Figure 82 Successful installation ................................................................................... 76 
Figure 83 .NET framework installer missing .................................................................77 
Figure 84 .NET installation failed .................................................................................77 
Figure 85 NavEngine upgrade failed .............................................................................77 
Figure 86 Failed installation .......................................................................................... 78 
Figure 87 DPS unit when no satellites are tracked ........................................................81 
Figure 88 Error ellipse with few satellites tracked by receiver .....................................82 
Figure 89 DPS unit with one differential link missing ..................................................83 
Figure 90 Fugro Seastar demodulator - front view........................................................84 
Figure 91 Fugro Seastar demodulator - rear view .........................................................84 
Figure 92 DPS unit with gyro missing .......................................................................... 87 

List of tables
Table 1 PRN for geo-stationary satellites ......................................................................11 
Table 2 Target symbol description – small scale ..........................................................18 
Table 3 Quality parameters ...........................................................................................27 
Table 4 DQI specifications ............................................................................................ 28 
Table 5 Target symbol description – large scale ........................................................... 42 

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Abbreviations

AIS Automatic Identification System

AP Aft Perpendicular
BT Bearing to Target
C/A Coarse/Acquisition
CAT Customer Acceptance Test
CEP Circular Error Probability
CG Centre of Gravity
COG Course Over Ground
CPU Central Processing Unit
CTP Commissioning Test Procedure
DCW Digital Chart of the World
DGLONASS Differential GLONASS
DGNSS Differential Global Navigation Satellite System
DGPS Differential GPS
DNV Det Norske Veritas
DOP Dilution of Precision
DP Dynamic Positioning
DPO DP Operator
DQI Differential GPS Quality Indicator
DRMS Distance Root Mean Square
DT Distance to Target
DWL Design WaterLine
EBL Electronic Bearing Line
ECDIS Electronic Chart Display and Information System
ECEF Earth Centre Earth Fixed
ECS Electronic Chart System
ED50 European Datum of 1950
EGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
EMI Electomagnetic Interference

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EN European Norm
EPE Estimated Position Error
ETA Estimated Time of Arrival
ETE Estimated Time Enroute
FP Forward Perpendicular
GLONASS Global Navigation Satellite System
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
GPS Global Positioning System
GUI Graphical User Interface
HDG The vessel's heading relative to North. Positive clockwise.
HDOP Horizontal Dilution of Precision
HMI Human Machine Interface
HP High Precision
HWP Hardware Platform
IALA International Association of Lighthouse Authorities

IEC International Electrotechnical Committee

IMO International Maritime Organization
IP Ingress Protection
LED Light Emitting Diode
LOA Length OverAll
LPP Length Between Perpendiculars
MMSI Maritime Mobile Service Identity
MP Measurement Point
MSAS Multifunctional transport Satellite-based Augmentation System
NA Not Applicable
NAD27 North American Datum of 1927
NMEA National Marine Electronics Association
PPS Pulse Per Second
PRN Pseudorandom noise
PSS Physical Shore Station
QA Quality Assurance
RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring

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RFI Radio Frequency Interference

RMS Root Mean Square
RTCM Radio Technical Commission of Maritime Services
SA Selective Availability
SBAS Satellite Based Augmentation System
SL Speed Along Ship
SNR Signal/Noise Ratio
SOG Speed Over Ground
SPS Standard Positioning Service
ST Speed Transverse Ship
SW Software
TMV Target Monitoring View
TTG Time To Go
UPS Uninterruptable power supply use to ensure power supply in
case of mains interruption
UTM Universal Transverse Mercator
WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System
WEEE Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
WGS84 World Geodetic System of 1984

References
[1] DPS 232 Installation Manual, Kongsberg Seatex
[2] NMEA 0183 Standard for Interfacing Marine Electronic Devices, Version 3.0
[3] RTCM Recommended Standards for Differentil Navstar GPS/GLONASS service,
Version 2.3
[4] Guidelines on the Use of DGPS as a Position Reference in DP Control Systems,
United Kingdom Offshore Operator's Association Ltd., rev. 2, April 1997
[5] 3610 DGNSS Receiver User Manual, Issue 1.1, May 2009

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Health, environment and safety warnings

All electrical and electronic components have to be disposed

separately from the municipal waste stream via designated
collection facilities appointed by the government or local
authorities. The correct disposal and separate collection of
your old appliance will help preventing potential negative
consequences for the environment and human health. It is a
precondition for reuse and recycling of used electrical and
electronic equipment. For more detailed information about
disposal of your old appliance, please contact your local
authorities or waste disposal service.
Until further notice is given regarding reuse, disassembly or
disposal, the equipment at end-of-life, could be returned to
Kongsberg Seatex AS if there is no local WEEE collection.
The equipment is marked with this pictogram.

Restrictions in guarantee
The liability of Kongsberg Seatex is limited to repair of the DPS system only under the
given terms and conditions stated in the sales documents. Consequential damages such
as customer's loss of profit or damage to other systems traceable back to DPS
malfunctions, are excluded. The warranty does not cover malfunctions of the DPS
systems resulting from the following conditions:
• Over-voltage or incorrect power connection.
• Shorting of GNSS antenna cable during operation of the DPS systems.

Restrictions in use
The DPS function is based on GNSS signals and requires free sight to the sky,
minimum four visible satellites, PDOP value less than 6 and otherwise normal
conditions to operate.

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1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The High Performance Position Sensor, DPS 232, is developed by Kongsberg Seatex
specifically for the dynamic positioning (DP) market where GPS and GLONASS
position sensors are critical in order to achieve optimum DP capability.

1.1 Purpose and applications

DPS 232 is a new generation GNSS based position reference system which takes
positioning to the next level for secure and robust solutions exerting GPS and
GLONASS. DPS 232 features technology that is one step ahead, and the solution is
prepared for future systems like GALILEO.
DPS 232 is based on a dual frequency GPS/GLONASS receiver and offers the best
possible combination of GNSS signals for demanding operations in a challenging
environment. The addition of GLONASS to GPS significantly increases satellite
availability, provides robust integrity monitoring and results in more precise solutions,
particularly in highly obstructed environments. It is designed for 24/7 reliable operation
year after year.

1.2 System components

A standard system delivery consists of:
• DPS 232 unit
• Cabinet, 6U
• Keyboard with rollerball
• IALA beacon receiver (included in the DPS 232 unit)
• GPS/Glonass L1/L2 antenna (GNSS)
• DGPS beacon antenna
• DPS 232 User's Manual
• DPS 232 Installation Manual
• DPS 232 Site Manual
• Antenna pigtail cable
• Interconnection cable
• Mains cable
• Antenna mounting rod

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The DPS 232 unit includes a combined GPS/GLONASS L1/L2 and SBAS receiver. The
receiver has 14 L1 and 14 L2 GPS channels, 12 L1 and 12 L2 GLONASS channels and
2 SBAS channels. The SBAS signals have the same frequency as the GPS L1 signals, so
only one GPS/GLONASS antenna is needed.

Figure 1 Typical DPS 232 configuration

Options:
1 Coax cables for GPS/GLONASS and IALA beacon antennas.
2 Coax connectors.
DPS 232 is supplied in different configurations depending on application and specific
user needs. The DPS 232 cabinet contains the DPS 232 unit and the keyboard with
rollerball.
In addition to the above supplied parts, the following is needed if external
DGPS/GLONASS is used:
• Additional cables for input of DGPS/DGLONASS corrections.
• Additional cables for output to external DGPS/DGLONASS equipment.
General arrangement drawings of the ship should be acquired to simplify
GPS/GLONASS antenna mounting and to estimate sufficient lengths of cable.
For external interfaces, electrical characteristics and data formats must be provided as
well as necessary cables and connectors.

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1.2.1 DPS unit

The DPS unit is designed to fit standard 19-inch racks and is typically installed on the
bridge or in the instrument room. The unit comprises the following main parts:
• Hard disk
• Serial I/O board
• Computer main board
• GNSS receiver
• IALA beacon receiver
• Power supply
• 3.5 inch floppy disk drive
• Kongsberg Seatex AS multifunction board

The front panel includes the following user communication and operation capabilities:
• Power switch
• Communication interface through Com1 (for service personnel only)
• USB port for software installation and update
• 3.5 inch floppy disk drive
• LED indicators

Figure 2 Front panel of DPS unit

When power is turned on, the LED indicator to the left will be green. The LED indicator
to the right will blink green every second if a PPS pulse exists internally in the DPS
unit.
The rear panel of the DPS unit contains communication ports for interfacing to external
systems.

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Figure 3 Rear panel of DPS unit

1.2.2 External input and output serial lines

The DPS unit communicates with external equipment through RS-232 and RS-422
serial lines. The number of serial lines with input of DGNSS corrections is only limited
by the number of available communication ports. Output data are position, time and
velocity to navigation computers, dynamic positioning systems etc. No hardware or
software handshake is used on the serial lines. Heading from a gyrocompass or similar
device is also necessary. See the Installation Manual for more detailed information.

1.3 Networked architecture

The NAV Engine (core signal processing and position calculation) and the HMI Engine
(Human Machine Interface) are running independently from each other to ensure
continuous and reliable operation. The unique system design separating the HMI Engine
and the NAV Engine in separate processing environments prevents unintended events in
the user environment interrupting core signal processing. The DPS system design with
optional remote operator stations (HMI) connected via a network allows for flexible
installation in DP class 1, 2 and 3 environments.

1.4 Position determination

DPS Engine comprises an "All in One" signal processing core with advanced algorithms
and true parallel processing of all available signals including SBAS (e.g. WAAS,
EGNOS, MSAS and GAGAN). DGPS/DGLONASS corrections from different sources
are combined by the unique MULTIREF capability. There is no practical limitation to
the number of reference stations handled by the DPS Engine. DPS 232 provides full
decimetre accuracy with High Precision Services. DPS 232 has a built-in autonomous
real-time quality control feature continuously monitoring the quality of the calculated
position. Alarms and warnings are activated if critical tolerances are exceeded or if
position quality degrades.

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Heading input from a gyrocompass can be used to display heading and speed
information in the DPS HMI. Heading input is also necessary in order to utilise the
built-in lever arm compensation. The lever arm compensation in the software enables
selection of several monitoring points on the vessel for which position data can be
output.

1.5 GNSS systems

GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is a generic term for satellite navigation
systems providing autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global coverage. GPS is the
only GNSS with full constellation. However, GLONASS is operable and plan to have
full constellation within 2010. Galileo is a third GNSS which is in the development
phase and scheduled to be operational in 2013.

1.5.1 GPS - Global Positioning System

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of
a network of satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defence. GPS was
originally intended for military applications but in the 1980's the government made the
system available for civilian use.
GPS provides a highly accurate and continuous navigation service. It provides 24-hour,
all weather and global coverage.
The system is divided into the following three segments:
Space segment This segment consists of at least 24 satellites (21 active plus 3
operating spares) in 12-hour circular orbits. At an altitude of
20200 km, each satellite is transmitting orbital and clock
parameters.
Control segment This segment comprises Ground Control Stations
geographically spread for monitoring, up-loading and control of
the satellite transmitted characteristics.
User segment This segment comprises GPS receivers installed onboard ships,
aircraft etc. to track satellite signals and transform them into
position, velocity and time.
Each GPS satellite transmits radio signals at two microwave frequencies in the L band,
1575.43 MHz (L1) and 1227.6 MHz (L2).
The L1 signal is modulated by a precise (P) code for Precise Positioning Service (PPS)
and a course/acquisition (C/A) code for Standard Positioning Service (SPS). The P code
is for military and authorised personnel only and is encrypted before broadcast to GPS
users. The C/A code is for civil users. Until 1 May 2000 the accuracy of the C/A code
was degraded to 100 m (2DRMS) horizontal positioning by the use of Selective
Availability (SA). However, SA is now switched off and the position accuracy of the
system is about 16 metres 95% CEP.

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The fundamental technique for GPS is one-way ranging from the satellites.
Triangulation, based on ranging from the satellites, is the basis of the system. In order to
triangulate, the GPS measures distance using the travel time of a radio message. To
measure travel time, timing is crucial. GPS therefore needs very accurate clocks. The
transmission is referred to highly accurate atomic frequency standards onboard the
satellites, which are in synchronisation with the GPS system time base.
The time difference from when the signal leaves the satellites until it is received at the
GPS receiver, is measured. The distance is computed by multiplying with the speed of
light. Once the distance to a satellite is known, the satellite's position in space must be
found. The GPS satellites are launched into very precise orbits and their position is
transmitted to the user. Knowing the satellites' position and the distance to the user
receiver, the user position can be computed. Three perfect measurements can solve a
three-dimensional point in space.
However, the crystal clocks in the GPS receivers are drifting, and the position is
therefore inaccurate. To calculate a three dimensional position, four unknowns have to
be solved (latitude, longitude, height and receiver clock offset). To solve this equation
with four unknowns it is necessary with range measurements from four or more
satellites.
The geometry, and hence the accuracy of the position calculation, varies with the
number of satellites available and their location.
Using differential corrections from one or more GPS Reference Stations significantly
reduces all major error sources. This principle is called differential GPS (DGPS).

1.5.2 GLONASS - Global Navigation Satellite System

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) is a Russian satellite based
navigation/positioning system.
The GLONASS system is based on the same segments as the GPS system with a space
segment, a control segment and a user segment.
A fully operational GLONASS constellation consists of 24 satellites, with 21 used for
transmitting signals and three for on-orbit spares, deployed in three orbital planes.
In contrast to the GPS system where all satellites transmit on the same frequency, each
GLONASS satellite transmits on its own frequencies. Each GLONASS satellite
transmits radio signals at two microwave frequencies in the L band.
In order to calculate a three-dimensional position based on both GPS and GLONASS,
five unknowns have to be solved (latitude, longitude, height and two receiver clock
offsets). Tracking five or more satellites solves this equation.
One of the primary advantages of GPS+GLONASS is the increased satellite coverage.
With satellites from the combined GPS and GLONASS constellations, there are many
more visible satellites available for position computation. A combined GPS+GLONASS
system is therefore extremely beneficial in obstructed operating environments.

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By using GPS+GLONASS, users benefit from the integrity of two independently

operated satellite positioning systems. With more satellites available, the constellation
geometry is significantly improved, providing the user with added confidence in the
accuracy of the positioning solutions.

1.5.3 Differential GPS (DGPS) and differential GLONASS

(DGLONASS)
Position accuracy from both GPS and GLONASS may be enhanced by using the
differential technique. This can be achieved by using either traditional DGPS or by
clock and orbit corrections.

1.5.3.1 Traditional DGPS/DGLONASS (RTCM)

The DGPS/DGLONASS system improves the position accuracy by using the
differential technique. This is accomplished by accurately surveyed GPS/GLONASS
reference stations which calculate pseudo-range corrections for all the satellites tracked
by the reference station's GPS/GLONASS receiver.
The DGPS/DGLONASS system also uses a communication link for transmission of
correction data from the Reference Station to the vessel.
Each GPS/GLONASS reference station compares the measured distance to a satellite
with the one calculated based on the satellites' and the reference station's known co-
ordinates. The resultant range difference is the correction data, which are broadcast
from the GPS/GLONASS reference stations to the Differential GPS/GLONASS
correction receiver(s) on board the vessel(s). The correction data can also be broadcast
via satellite, e.g. an Inmarsat satellite.
At the vessel, these pseudo-range corrections are applied to correct the pseudo-ranges
received by the vessel's GPS receiver, prior to using them for the calculation of a three-
dimensional navigation solution. The concept of a differential GPS/GLONASS
(DGPS/DGLONASS) real-time system is illustrated in figure: Differential
GPS/GLONASS (DGPS/DGLONASS) concept.

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Figure 4 Differential GPS/GLONASS (DGPS/DGLONASS) concept

1.5.3.2 Clock and orbit corrections

In contrast to having a unique set of satellite corrections specific to each reference site,
the orbit and clock concept consists of one set of corrections for the satellites, which is
valid globally.
The orbit and clock concept, figure: Orbit and clock concept, uses reference stations
with a worldwide spread to calculate the orbit and the clock value of each
GPS/GLONASS satellite more accurately than the broadcast GPS/GLONASS
ephemeris. Orbit and clock corrections to the broadcast GPS/GLONASS ephemeris are
then transmitted to the user. The correction data can be used at any location, regardless
of distance to any reference station, making the system truly global. Local ionospheric
errors are corrected at the user end by using a dual frequency receiver. Use of orbit and
clock corrections improves the accuracy from metre level to decimetre level.

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Figure 5 Orbit and clock concept

1.5.4 SBAS system description

SBAS, Satellite Based Augmentation System, is a generic term for GPS augmentation
systems such as WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS and GAGAN, which use geostationary
satellites to broadcast information to users over a large geographical area. SBAS shall
provide additional accuracy and reliability for the GPS system. The systems are
independent but based on the same principles. The systems are fully interoperable and
compatible.

1.5.4.1 WAAS
WAAS, Wide Area Augmentation System, is an American GPS based assistance to air
traffic, built and operated by the FAA, Federal Aviation Administration.
WAAS is designed to improve the accuracy and ensure the integrity of information
coming from GPS satellites. The signals from GPS satellites are received at a network
of ground based reference stations. Measurements from the reference stations are routed
to master stations, which generate and send the correction messages to Geostationary
Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites. These GEO satellites broadcast the WAAS message to the
users on the same frequency as GPS.

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The FAA commissioned WAAS in July 2003 throughout the continental United States
and most of Alaska. The next segment of WAAS was completed in 2008 and will
expand service coverage to all of the continental United States, most of Alaska and
significant regions of Canada and Mexico.

Figure 6 SBAS coverage

1.5.4.2 EGNOS
EGNOS, European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service, is the European SBAS
and is being deployed to provide regional satellite based augmentation services to
aviation, maritime and land-based users in Europe. EGNOS is the first step in the
European Satellite Navigation strategy that leads to Galileo, the future European
satellite navigation system which will complement GPS. EGNOS will become fully
operational in 2010.
The EGNOS architecture is highly redundant, generating wide area differential
corrections and alerting users within six seconds if a malfunction occurs in GPS. Thirty-
four reference stations are deployed to monitor the satellites used for navigation. Each
satellite has to be monitored by multiple stations before correction and integrity
messages are generated. Four Mission Control Centers process data received from these
stations to generate the corrections and the integrity messages for each satellite. Satellite
up-link stations upload the corrections and integrity messages to the EGNOS satellites
for onward broadcasting to the users.

1.5.4.3 MSAS
MSAS, Multifunctional transport Satellite-based Augmentation System, is a Japanese
augmentation system, implemented by the Japanese Civil Aviation Bureau.
MSAS generates GPS augmentation information by analyzing signals from GPS
satellites received by monitor stations on the ground. This augmentation information
consists of GPS-like ranging signals and correction information on GPS errors caused
by the satellites themselves or by the ionosphere.

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MSAS was commissioned in September 2007.

1.5.4.4 GAGAN
GAGAN is an Indian Space Based Augmentation System. The system is being
developed jointly by the Airports Authority of India (AAI) and the Indian Space
Research Organization (ISRO).
GAGAN is planned operable in 2010.

1.5.4.5 Signal distribution

SBAS signals are distributed by geostationary satellites. The broadcasting frequency of
the signals is the same as GPS (L1, 1575.42 MHz).
The following PRNs have been allocated to the SBAS satellites:

Geo satellite Service PRN Position

AOR-W WAAS 122 (phased out) 142° W
Inmarsat 4F3 WAAS 133 98° W
Inmarsat 3 (POR) WAAS 134 (phased out) 178° E
Intelsat Galaxy XV WAAS 135 (failure) 133° W
Telesat Anik F1R WAAS 138 107.3° W
Inmarsat 3F2 (AOR-E) EGNOS 120 15.5° W
Artemis EGNOS 124 21.5° E
Inmarsat 4F2 (IOR-W) EGNOS 126 25° E
IOR-E EGNOS 131 (phased out) 64° E
MTSAT-1R MSAS 129 140° E
MTSAT-2 MSAS 137 145° E
GSAT-4 GAGAN 127 82° E
Table 1 PRN for geo-stationary satellites

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2 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
The DPS software will start automatically after power on and it is operated through the
operator software installed in the unit. The software is used for performance monitoring,
configuration and system troubleshooting.
Normally, the unit outputs signals on the serial lines and net ports without any
involvement from the user. The DPS unit has a graphical user interface. In the following
chapters, the various display pages comprising the DPS software will be described for a
better understanding of the displayed parameters.

2.1 Screen sections views

The main application window of the system is divided into four sections: Top bar,
View 1, View 2 and View 3. The size and position of the sections are fixed.

Figure 7 Main view sections

View 1 is suitable for views which must be monitored from a distance or for detailed
views. It is possible to toggle between View 1 and View 2, and to change what kind of
data to present in the two views. View 3 is fixed and will always display integrity
information.
The default contenst of the views are:

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• View 1 – Target Monitoring View

• View 2 – Sky View
• View 3 – Integrity View
The various views are described later in this chapter.

2.1.1 Switch and select views

By use of the function keys the operator can select between the following views to be
displayed:
• Target Monitoring View
• Sky View
• Speed View
• DGNSS Status View
• DGNSS Age View
Press F2 to browse to the next available view in View 2.
Press F3 to switch the contents of View 1 and View 2.

2.2 Top bar

The Top bar includes the following information:
• Type of system (DPS 232)
• Current date and time (UTC)
• Data source
• System mode
• Corrections used in position solution
• System status
• Event message list including type of event and time tag for the event
• Application menu

Figure 8 Top bar

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System modes
The DPS has three system modes, indicated in the System mode field of the Top bar:
Operation mode This is the default mode. In this mode it is not possible to launch
any external applications, diagnostic tools or reconfigure the
system. A password is not required to switch to this mode.
Configuration mode In this mode it is possible to change settings related to the
connected sensors, applications and system-wide settings.
Engineering mode This mode is primarily intended for field engineers during initial
installation, fault diagnostics and system-wide reconfiguration.
A password is required to switch from Operation to Engineering or Configuration mode.
The password is "stx" and it is not possible to change. The system will return to
Operation mode after 30 minutes of user inactivity.

System status
The DPS has three system states. The system status describes the position integrity
level, and is indicated in the Status field of the Top bar. The background colour of this
field helps indicate the system status. The system states are:

Safe
Caution
Unsafe

Events
Three types of events may appear:
• Information messages
• Warnings
• Alarms
An event message is acknowledged by clicking in the Event check box. When an event
is acknowledged, it disappears from the Event list. However, the event can still be
viewed in the Alarm history under the Alarm menu.

Application menu
The six menu buttons located to the far right on the Top bar constitute the Application
menu:
• View
• Chart

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• Alarm
• Target
• Tools
• System
The various menus have a drop-down list offering various operational and visual
options.
Related topics
• Integrity View on page 25
• Alarm menu on page 36

2.3 Target Monitoring View

Figure 9 Target Monitoring View

The figure above shows the Target Monitoring View (TMV). It may appear both in
View 1 (the largest view) and View 2 (the upper right view) of the DPS windows. The
TMV contains the same information in either view; only scaling is changed. The TMV
appearance is controlled mainly from the Chart menu.

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The TMV is layer based. This means that

it is possible to display multiple layers of
information for visual presentation at the
same time.
In Figure 9 no chart background (i.e.
Blank) is selected. This is the default after
installation. Other illustrations in this
manual will indicate the use of e.g. C-Map
ECS. Common to all background Figure 10 TMV layer principle
selections is that the scale and view may
be changed by zooming and/or panning in
the TMV.
The appearance of the Speed and Link status bars is controlled from the Display options
in the Chart menu. The circular buttons in the Link status bar may be clicked to open
the DGNSS Monitor.
The area indicated as Position or DT/BT will change if a target is selected or unselected.
With no target selected, the position of the currently selected measurement point
(indicated in the upper left corner) is displayed as indicated in Figure 9.
As soon as a target is selected, this line changes to display distance (DT) and bearing
(BT) to target, and the involved measurement points on own vessel and selected target
are both indicated in the top left corner.

Figure 11 TMV displaying DT, BT and ETE to target

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Related topics
• Chart menu on page 32 and Chart page on page 60
• Display options on page 34
• DGNSS Monitor under Tools menu on page 46

2.3.1 Symbols
The DPS uses various symbols for presenting targets in the TMV.
The symbols defined by IMO are used for scales smaller than 1:4000. The target outline
is drawn when the scale is very large, typically larger than 1:4000.
The large scale target outline for the various target shapes may be viewed in the target
editor.

Symbol Description
IMO symbol used for own vessel.
The solid lines indicate the beam and the HDG of the vessel.
A dotted line indicates the COG and the distance travelled if the vessel continues
with the same speed and course for 3 minutes.
Symbol used for own vessel in very large scales. Measurement points, including the
antenna, are indicated with filled circles. A larger circle encapsulates the selected
measurement point.
IMO symbol used for other targets. The open square encapsulates the selected target
only. If the target has heading information, the heading is indicated with a line from
the center of the circle along the heading.

Showing approximate shape of an AIS vessel and placement of antenna, based on

the information available in the received messages from the vessel. The symbol will
occur when the size of the outline exceeds the area covered by the IMO symbol.

IMO symbol for an AIS vessel with heading vector going in a straight line.

The dotted line indicates COG and the distance travelled if the vessel continues with
the same speed and course for 3 minutes.

AIS vessel with a starboard rate-of-turn.

Table 2 Target symbol description – small scale

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To distinguish between own vessel and other targets in the TMV, own vessel is filled
with a beige colour, whereas other targets are filled with grey colour. This does not
apply when the vessels are represented by IMO symbols.
Figure 1 shows a section of the TMV containing AIS targets as they appear when AIS
data is enabled.

Figure 12 Sample map section showing own vessel and AIS targets

Related topics
• Target editing on page 39
• AIS targets on page 45

2.3.2 Select or deselect target

It is possible to select and deselect targets and measurement points directly in the TMV.
When right-clicking within the bounds of a target, a pop-up menu appears. Click Select
to select the target. The TMV will change to display distance and bearing to target
instead of the position of the selected measurement point on own vessel.
Note It is not possible to select AIS targets.

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Figure 13 Selecting target in the TMV

If the target is already selected, the first menu item will be

Deselect. If clicking Deselect, the target will be deselected, and
the TMV will return to display the position of the selected
measurement point.

2.3.3 Select measurement point

When right-clicking a measurement point on own vessel, a
pop-up menu appears. The title of the menu is the name of own
vessel, and the selectable item has the name of the
measurement point, as indicated in the figure to the right.
When right-clicking a measurement point on the selected
target, a pop-up menu appears. The title of the menu is the
name of the selected target, and the selectable item has the
name of the measurement point, as indicated in the figure to the
right.

2.3.4 Add target

The easiest way to add a target to the target list is to right-click
anywhere outside a target in the TMV. This will cause a pop-
up menu to appear, containing the items indicated in the figure
to the right.
Select Add target here to open the Edit target dialog. The position represented by the
mouse cursor will be used as the target position.

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2.3.5 Target list

Click Target/Target list… to open a dialog displaying all defined targets.

2.3.6 Pan and zoom displayed area

The easiest way to zoom the view is to click the zoom buttons.
Please observe that, for enhanced visibility, these buttons
appear only when the mouse cursor is moved towards the upper
right corner of the TMV, and they disappear as soon as the
mouse cursor is moved away from this area.
Related topics
• Add target and Target list under Target menu on page 38 and Zoom and Automatic
pan and zoom under Chart menu on page 33

2.4 Sky View

The Sky view display shows which satellites the system is tracking and using in the
position computation. The satellites are presented according to satellite geometry. The
grey outer circle represents the elevation mask. Satellites under the set elevation mask
are marked grey. The satellite azimuth angle is according to the north-south axis.

Figure 14 Sky view

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In the upper left corner, the number of GPS satellites tracked and used in the position
solution is presented. In the upper right corner, the number of GLONASS satellites
tracked and used in the position solution, is presented.

GPS GLONASS SBAS Rejected Disabled Correction

satellite satellite satellite satellite satellite satellite
Figure 15 Satellite colours
Satellites marked grey are disabled as they are not used directly in the position fix, e.g.
satellites under the elevation mask.
The bar(s) at the bottom of each satellite
represents the signal-to-noise level for the
satellite, and the longer the bar, the stronger the
signal.
The upper bar represents the L1 signal-to-noise
level, while the lower bar represents the L2
signal-to-noise level. Figure 16 Satellites with two
signal-to-noise bars
When the mouse cursor hovers over a satellite
symbol, a tooltip will appear with the status of
the satellite including azimuth, elevation, L1/L2
signal-to-noise ratio and differential correction
availability.
If the vessel has a gyro interfaced, the display
shows the vessel's true heading. Figure 17 Tooltip for GPS satellite
with corrections
The shadow sectors have no effect on
calculations but will assist in explaining why
some satellites are not used in the position fix.
The Sky view is configured in the Sky view tab
in the Operator software configuration dialog.
It is possible to enable or disable the correction
satellites, the signal bars, the track plot and the
shadow sectors. Figure 18 Tooltip for GLONASS
satellite with corrections

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Related topics
• Sky view dialog on page 65

2.5 Speed View

The main function of the Speed view is to give information about the speed and heading
of the vessel.
Longitudinal and transversal speed (SL and ST) are presented together with arrows
indicating forward/astern and port/starboard movement directions. The vessel outline
indicates the orientation of the movements. It is possible to display SL/ST with two
decimals. It is also possible to display the arrows with red colour if the vessel is moving
astern or towards port. Additionally, the vessel indicator and arrows may be turned 180
degrees in order to display correct directions when the operator station is facing astern.
See General tab under Operator Software Configuration dialogue for a description on
how to configure the Speed view.
The vessel heading (HDG) is input from an external gyro sensor. Arrows and COG are
not displayed if SOG is below the limit configured in the configuration dialogue.

Note The displayed speed values apply to the antenna position only even if the
position is displayed for other monitoring points.

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2.6 DGNSS Views

There are two DGNSS views, DGNSS age view and DGNSS status view. Both views
indicate the status of the available correction links.
All links are indicated using green colour if correction data are received, red if no data
are received through that link, or light grey if the link has been disabled for some
reason. If the link is a high precision link (SeaSTAR HP/XP/G2), a yellow colour
indicates that the subscription soon will expire or has already expired. The link indicator
will become yellow 14 days prior to expiration.
Status of up to 9 correction links may be displayed. Each link is identified by its name
as defined in the NavEngine configuration. The number of reference stations used in the
position calculation and the number of reference stations available are indicated for each
correction link.

Figure 19 DGNSS status view

A tooltip is displayed when the mouse cursor hovers over a correction link. The tooltip
displays information on the specific correction link, as seen in Figure 19.
The DGNSS age view presents each link as a circular button and presents a bar that
indicates the quality as the age of the corrections received through that link. If a bar is
filled green, the correction signals are newer. The older the signals are, the shorter the
bar is.
If the bar is grey, the age of the corrections has exceeded the maximum age, and the
corrections from the link are not in use. The maximum age for using differential
corrections is set in the NavEngine/Standard configuration view.

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Figure 20 DGNSS age view

When clicking on one of the link buttons, the DGNSS Monitor appears. This view lists
details of all available reference stations from all correction links.
Related topics
• DGNSS Monitor under Tools menu on page 46

2.7 Integrity View

The Integrity view indicates the integrity of the system position. It is always located in
the lower right view (view 3).
The DQI bar indicates the quality of the position. If the quality of the position is less
than 5, the background colour of the bar changes from grey to yellow. If it is less than 2,
it is red. The DQI parameters are described in the quality parameter description in
section 2.7.2.

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The Error ellipse describes the position quality and the geometry of the position
solution. The Error ellipse is described in the quality parameter description in section
2.7.2. The colour of the ellipse indicates the quality/integrity of the position. The
colours used are the same as in the System status field of the Top bar, see System
status section.
A RAIM exclusion and detection algorithm is implemented to detect satellite failure.
The integrity indication for different position accuracy levels is expressed in three states
that satisfy the requirements. The states are Safe, Unsafe and Caution. These states are
indicated with different colours (green, yellow and red) on the error ellipse in the
Integrity view.
The system integrity value is
often referred to as the
horizontal external reliability.
It gives an indication of how
large a horizontal position
error might be, at the condition
of an arbitrary undetected
satellite failure.

Safe (green) indicates that the

system accuracy is below the
selected accuracy level and
that a single satellite failure
cannot make the actual
horizontal position error
exceed the selected integrity
limit (95 % confidence level).
Figure 21 Integrity view
Caution (yellow) indicates that the system accuracy is below the selected position
accuracy level but a single satellite failure might not be detected. If such a satellite
failure is detected, the actual horizontal position error might exceed the selected
integrity limit (95 % confidence level). With only four satellites (three when height
aiding is chosen), there is no way to detect a satellite failure, and the system will always
be in the state Caution or Unsafe. The expected accuracy and HDOP might still be
reasonably low.
Unsafe (red) indicates that the system accuracy is above the selected accuracy level (95
% confidence level).

Configuration
The position accuracy level (95 %) is configurable from the NavEngine advanced
configuration (the value is displayed as the outer circle on the axis). Default value is 10
m.

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The EPE (Estimated Position Error) is a position quality parameter for the DGPS
position. The figures are 95 % CEP. Unit is metres. The time span in the graphical plot
of the EPE is 250 seconds in the horizontal axis.

2.7.1 Quality assessment of position data

Quality assessment of GNSS data is equally important as highly accurate positions. The
methods for quality assessment implemented in the DPS unit are in accordance with
Guidelines on the use of DGPS as a position reference in DP control systems.
The parameters used are:
Type of measure Parameter Definition
Precision 95% aposteriori An ellipse describing the 95 % confidence
horizontal error ellipse level of the position i.e. 95 % of the position
solutions will have an error inside the
boundaries of the ellipse.
Precision EPE (Estimated The estimated 95 % horizontal position error
Position Error) in metres.
Table 3 Quality parameters

2.7.2 The DQI figure

The quality indicator DQI is a single integer between 0 and 9, which reflects the status
and quality of the position solution.

DQI Status of Solution Precision Comments

95 %
confidence level
0 Failed solution NA
1 Uncorrected NA Position solved but no differential
correction applied.
2 Corrected position but no NA Minimum DGNSS solution,
redundancy unreliable.
3 Corrected position. Poor Poor satellite geometry (DOP)
Redundancy of 1
4 Corrected position. < 10 m Adequate DOP/ satellite geometry.
Redundancy observation > 1
5 Corrected position. < 10 m Ability to reject outlier. Poor DOP.
Redundancy observation > 2

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DQI Status of Solution Precision Comments

95 %
confidence level
6 Corrected position. < 10 m Ability to reject outlier. Gradual
Redundancy observation > 2 improvement in DOP.

7 Corrected position. <4m Ability to reject outlier. Gradual

Redundancy observation > 2 improvement in DOP.

8 Corrected position. <2m Ability to reject outlier. Gradual

Redundancy observation > 2 improvement in DOP.

9 Corrected position. < 0.5 m Ability to reject outlier. Gradual

Redundancy observation > 2 improvement in DOP.

Table 4 DQI specifications

An important point to note is the prerequisite for the successful pass of a statistical test.
The statistical methods used are in accordance with Guidelines on the use of DGPS as a
position reference in DP control systems.
Bearing in mind the number of parameters present in the $DPGGA sentence, it is
sufficient for the DQI to provide a statement of the status and quality of the positioning.
DQI values 5 to 9 represent a grading system under normal operating conditions.
The DQI is passed along with other quality indicators and each raw unfiltered position
into the DP control system. These indicators are put into free (null) fields in the NMEA
0183 standard format $GGA to produce the new $DPGGA format.
In addition to providing a meaningful and easily assimilated indication of
DGPS/DGLONASS quality, the DQI also gives an indication of improved or degraded
positioning. The latter could give a countdown to system rejection, enabling suitable
action to be taken in advance. This is impossible when using only a DGPS/DGLONASS
good/bad indicator.
Related topics
• For Ellipse colours see Top bar, System status on page 14.
• For statistical methods, see ref. [4]

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2.8 View menu

From the View menu the operator can set how to configure and display the various
views regarding colours, formats and views.

2.8.1 Display mode

The Display mode controls the selection of

colours used by the HMI. Click a menu item to
select the desired mode.

Day bright Will give the brightest

colour combination.
Day white This is the recommended
colour combination for
daylight use.
Day black This colour combination
uses bright colours, but
has a dark background.
Dusk This colour combination
is intended for use during
dusk or dawn.
Night This is a special palette
with very low contrast on
black background,
intended to be used
during night without
weakening the night sight
of the system operators.

Figure 22 View menu

Press F8 to enter Night mode.
Press F7 to browse through the non-night colour palettes. If clicked when in Night
mode, Dusk will be selected.

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Figure 23 Dusk Figure 24 Day black

2.8.2 View
Browse views Click to browse to the next available view in View 2. This has
the same effect as pressing the F2 key.
Switch views Click to switch the contents of View 1 and View 2. This has the
same effect as pressing the F3 key.

Note Browsing or switching views using F2 and F3 is not stored. The only way
to ensure that the selected contents is displayed every time the operator
software starts, is to make the selection as described in View under
Operator software configuration.
Related topics
• Operator software configuration on page 57

Figure 25 Browse views with F2 key

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Figure 26 Switch views with F3 key

2.8.3 Display format

The display format group provides alternatives for modifying the presentation of
various data types. When clicking a view menu item in this group, or hovering the
mouse cursor over it, a sub-menu will appear to the left, containing radio items for
selecting the wanted format.

Date format Select between various date formats. The selected format is used
in displayed fields presenting date information, e.g. the date part
of the Top bar.
Time format Select between AM/PM and 24-hour display of time values.
Influences all displayed fields presenting time information, e.g.
current date and time and event fields of the Top bar.
Position format Select between decimal seconds (e.g. N 63°26'31.92''), decimal
minutes (e.g. N 63°26.5320') and UTM. All positions displayed
in the various views and dialogs will follow this selection.
Datum Select datum in which positions are presented. Available
selections are WGS84, ED50, NAD27, MINNA, ARATU-
Bahia, ARATU-Campos, ARATU-ES and ARATU-Santos.
Unit system Select the length and speed units used in the various views. Two
types of unit system selections are available: Fixed units and
Auto-scaling units. Each alternative indicates the distance unit,
then the speed unit.
Auto-scaling units will change from short range unit to long
range unit (indicated in parenthesis) when the number of digits
in the displayed value exceeds a certain limit.

Available fixed units:

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NM, knots
m, m/s
ft, ft/s
Available auto-scaling units:
M (km), km/h
m (NM), knots
ft (NM), knots

2.8.4 Bars
Speed data Displays the Speed bar as indicated in the Target Monitoring
View section. The values presented are also available in the
Speed View section. When unchecked, more space is available
for the chart area.
DGNSS links Displays the Link status bar as indicated in the Target
Monitoring View section. When unchecked, more space is
available for the chart area. This bar is always displayed below
the Speed bar if both bars are displayed.

Related topics
• Target Monitoring View page 16

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2.9 Chart menu

The Chart menu is described in detail in the

next section, as it controls the appearance of the
Target Monitoring View.

2.9.1 Zoom
The zoom area of the Chart menu allows the
user to control zooming.
When a map is selected, the maximum scale is
1:25. When no map is selected or the chart is not
visible, the maximum scale is 1:2.
Zoom in Select this item to zoom
in, i.e. increase the scale.
Alternative method:
Press Ctrl+I
simultaneously or click
the button with the large
magnifying glass in the
upper right corner of the
TMV.
Zoom out Select this item to zoom
out, i.e. decrease the
scale. Alternative
method: Press Ctrl+O
simultaneously or click
the button with the small
magnifying glass in the
upper right corner of the
TMV. Figure 27 Chart menu

2.9.2 Automatic pan and zoom

This section of the Chart menu contains three option buttons. Only one of them may be
selected at a time.
A selected item is indicated by a filled circle, whereas an unselected item is indicated by
an empty circle.
Manual When this item is selected, clicking the left mouse button will
cause the centre of the chart to be moved to the position
indicated by the mouse cursor.

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Own vessel in center When this item is selected, the centre of the map is always the
position of own vessel. User controlled panning is disabled, i.e.
clicking the left mouse button will have no effect.
Own vessel visible This item appears only when no target is selected, and will cause
own vessel always to be visible in the chart area. If zooming or
movement causes own vessel to appear outside the chart area,
the centre of the chart is automatically set to the vessel's
position. User controlled panning is disabled.
Selected target visible This item appears only when a target is selected, and will cause
both own vessel and the selected target to be visible in the chart
area. If either vessel appears outside the viewed area, the centre
of the chart is automatically set to the centre position between
the selected measurement points of own vessel and the selected
target. If needed, the map scale is adjusted to ensure that both
vessels fit within the displayed area. User controlled panning is
disabled.

2.9.3 Display options

This section contains items that enable the user to show or hide parts of the TMV.
Visible chart The selected ECS is used as the TMV background. Unchecking
this item is similar to selecting Blank as the ECS in the
Operator software configuration, Chart tab.
Track plot Displays a track plot indicating the movement history of own
vessel. Unchecking will only hide the track plot – history is not
lost. The length of the track plot is configured in the Operator
software configuration, General tab.
Target labels Displays the name of each target inside a small rectangle next to
the displayed targets.
Monitoring point labels Displays the name of the monitoring points on the vessel
inside a small rectangle.
Grid Displays a ruler grid in the TMV. The grid scale will also be
displayed.
Chart information Displays the geographical position represented by the mouse
cursor and the current map scale in small rectangles near the
bottom of the chart area.
Compass rose Displays or hides the compass rose. When displayed, the
compass rose always appears in the upper left corner of the chart
area, as indicated in the Target Monitoring View section.

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EBL Displays an electronic bearing line (red) indicating the distance

from the vessel's measurement position to the mouse cursor. The
distance and bearing is displayed with the line. Pressing Alt+B
simultaneously also toggles this feature. This item is disabled if
no target has been selected.
Seabed maps Opens a sub-menu with the available seabed maps and the
desired maps can be selected. The selected maps will be
displayed in the TMV. This item is disabled if no seabed map
has been imported and enabled, see Seabed maps tab in
Operating software configuration dialogue.
ETE Displays the estimated time left to reach the selected target with
the vessel's current speed and direction. The ETE is indicated
next to Distance and Bearing to target in the upper part of the
TMV. This item is disabled if no target has been selected.
Related topics
• Operator software configuration on page 57
• Target Monitoring View on page 16

The figure below shows the TMV with the following Display options enabled: Visible
chart, Target labels, Grid, Chart information, Compass rose, EBL and Link status.

Figure 28 TMV with EBL enabled

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2.10 Alarm menu

The Alarm menu appears when the Alarm

menu button is clicked.
Acknowledge alarm Selecting this item
or pressing F10 will
acknowledge the
topmost event
viewed in the Top
bar. Has the same
effect as clicking the
Event check box in
the Top bar.
Figure 29 Alarm menu
The option is disabled if no alarms are available in the Top bar.
Acknowledged alarms are still available in the alarm log, but
removed from the Top bar view.
Ackn. all alarms Selecting this item or pressing Ctrl+F10 will acknowledge all
events viewed in the Top bar. The option is disabled if no
alarms are available in the Top bar.
Acknowledged alarms are still available in the alarm log, but
removed from the Top bar view.
Alarm history... Selecting this item opens a dialog for investigating the alarm
history.

→ See section 2.11.1 for Alarm history view.

Export alarm log This item is disabled as

long as the Alarm
history is empty. When
clicking this item, the
dialog shown in Figure 2
is displayed. Select the
wanted destination
directory. The available
space on the target drive
is displayed. Make sure
there is sufficient Figure 30 Export alarm log view
available space before
clicking the OK button.

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2.10.1 Alarm history view

In the Alarm history view there are two tabs, Status and History. The Status tab
displays the active alarms, while the History tab displays all alarm history within a
selected period or a maximum number which is set in the Operator software
configuration dialog. All alarm changes are inserted as a new entry in the History tab.

Figure 31 Alarm history view – Status tab

The option buttons at the top of the dialog provide some simple message filtering: if
Alarms only is selected, only events with the Alarm severity level are displayed, if
Alarm and warnings is selected, events with Alarm or Warning severity level are
displayed and if Alarm, warnings and information is selected, all events are
displayed.
From the Status tab it is possible to acknowledge alarms. Pressing Ack. selected
acknowledge the selected alarms, while Ack. all will acknowledge all alarms in the
view. When an alarm is acknowledged and active, the alarm message text will be grey.
The alarm message will only be removed from the Status tab when it becomes inactive.
It is also possible to export alarms from the Alarm history view. Pressing Export
enables the Export alarm log view, see Figure 30.

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Figure 32 Alarm log view – History tab

2.11 Target menu

This menu provides methods to:

• Add targets
• Remove targets
• Edit targets
• Select targets
• Deselect targets
• Control the appearance of AIS targets

2.11.1 Target configuration

Target list… When this menu item is
clicked, a dialog
presenting a list of
defined targets and
methods for maintaining
the target information, Figure 33 Target menu
will appear. The target
list may also be opened
directly from the TMV.

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Current position as target Creates a temporary target point at own vessel's

measurement point. As soon as another target is selected, or the
current position target is deselected, it is removed from the
target list.
Select target Opens a sub-menu with the available targets as items. Select the
desired target and then the desired measurement point of the
target. A target may also be selected directly from the TMV.
Deselect target This item is enabled only if a target is selected. Click to
deselect. Targets may also be deselected directly from the
TMV.

2.11.2 Target editing

The Target list dialog appears when clicking the Target menu and Target list….
Static targets may be used by the DPS unit for distance and bearing information. These
targets are defined and maintained through the target list and target editor, as described
in this chapter.
The static targets may be of various types and shapes. A target is defined by its
geographical position, name, shape and type.

Figure 34 Target list

In the Target list dialog above, the Well 1 target has been selected. The Deselect button
changes to Select as soon as a target, that is not the selected target, is highlighted in the
list. It is also possible to select and unselect targets and measurement points directly in
the TMV.
To add a new target, select the Add… button. When adding a new target, the target ID
is automatically the next available number in the target list.
To edit information about a target, select a target and press the Edit button. The Edit
target dialog is used for both adding and editing a target.

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Figure 35 Target editor

For each target it is possible to select the following shapes: jackup, rig, ship, wellhead,
point, buoy and AtoN. A preview of the target shape is presented to the right of the
target editor.

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Figure 36 Edit target – selection of target shape

The targets are only presented in the TMV with the selected shapes when the scale is
larger than typically 1:4000. If the scale is smaller than 1:4000, the symbols are
presented as described in Table 1.
When selecting the View button, information about the highlighted target is displayed.
The View target dialog has a similar layout as the Edit target dialog except that no
target information can be modified.

Symbol Description
Jackup
Dimensions to be inserted: width and overall length.

Rig
Dimensions to be inserted: width and overall length.

Ship
Dimensions to be inserted: Width, overall length, DWL to keel, stern to AP,
LPP and bow to FP.

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Symbol Description
Wellhead
No dimensions to be inserted.
Point
No dimensions to be inserted.
Buoy
Dimensions to be inserted: width and overall length.

AtoN
Dimensions to be inserted: width and overall length.

Table 5 Target symbol description – large scale

2.11.2.1 Position
The position may be edited manually or loaded from the system by clicking the
Current Position button.
Figure 5 shows the Edit target dialog's Position tab page when UTM has been selected
as the position format. UTM position is presented in north and east distance and UTM
zone. In addition, False Northing, False Easting and different Zone options may be
specified when selecting the UTM Options arrow.
When False Northing is checked, positions south of the equator will always be
presented as positive in the TMV. A fixed offset of 10 000 000 m is added to the
northing value to avoid negative coordinates in the southern hemisphere.
When False Easting is checked, a fixed offset of 500 000 m is added to the true easting
value to avoid negative coordinates.
Note It is not possible to switch off False Easting.
The position may be entered in other formats or datum using the Format and Datum
drop-down lists. Available datum is NAD27, ED50, WGS84, MINNA, ARATU-Bahia,
ARATU-Campos, ARATU-ES and ARATU-Santos.
The position format selected in the Edit target dialog has no effect on the position
format used in TMV.

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Figure 37 Target editor - position tab (UTM)

2.11.2.2 Monitoring points

The target editor also provides a tab page for maintaining monitoring points. These are
indicated as filled circles in the target preview. The point being edited is surrounded by
a larger circle. The reference point for the monitoring point is indicated with a cross.

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Figure 38 Target editor - monitoring points

Click the Add button to add a new monitoring point, give it a name in the Name field
and define the location relative to the indicated point. Click the Remove button to
remove a monitoring point.

2.11.2.3 Alarm circle

The DPS unit can monitor the current
position according to alarm circles and
issue alarms if an alarm circle is crossed.
This is typically interesting when using the
Current position as target (temporary
target) or when the vessel shall keep a
position above a well head.
If the selected monitoring point of own
vessel crosses one of the alarm circles
when moving away from the target's
position, an alarm is issued, and the
crossed alarm circle will blink. The alarm
state is cleared when the vessel moves
Figure 39 Alarm circles as displayed in
inside the crossed circle. A hysteresis is
TMV
applied to avoid frequent alarms in the
circle zone.
The radius of the alarm circles is set in the target editor's Alarm Circle tab. To enable
the alarm circle, make sure the Enable alarm circle checkbox is checked.

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Figure 40 Target editor – alarm circles

2.11.3 AIS targets

The AIS targets section of the Target menu contains checkbox items to control which
AIS targets to display in the TMV. These elements are only enabled if Show AIS
targets has been checked in the Operator software configuration dialog, AIS tab.
Unlike the user defined targets created by the DPS operator, all information about AIS
targets is defined by the AIS message protocol.
AIS objects are displayed in the TMV if their corresponding checkbox is checked.
All received targets are kept in memory so that they are displayed as soon as the TMV
scale and pan make them visible.
Vessel Displays received AIS Vessel reports as targets in the TMV
using symbols specified by IMO.
PSS Displays reports received directly from AIS Base Stations as
targets in the TMV using diamond symbols.
Aids-to-Navigation Displays received AtoN reports as targets in the TMV. AtoNs
are displayed using circles until scale allows them to be
displayed as a diamond encapsulated in an octagon.

Related topics
• AIS page on page 64

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2.12 Tools menu

The Tools menu shows a configurable list of

tools serving various diagnostic purposes.
This manual describes a typical set of tools
defined for DPS, and is subject to change
without notice.

2.12.1 Utilities
Satellite Prediction A tool which displays
number of satellites and
satellite geometry for a
defined position and
period.
System Verification A tool that analyses
selected log data files
and prepares a PDF
report with the results.
This tool is intended for
use when finalising
installations according to
the Commissioning Test
Procedure.
Copy Configuration A tool that copies all
relevant configurations
into a zip archive.

Figure 41 Tools menu

DGPS 464 Config Click to launch an application to configure the DGPS 464 radio.
The use of this application is described in detail in the
Installation manual.

2.12.1.1 Satellite prediction

During some periods the satellite coverage over some areas is rather poor and in
addition, operations close to large equipment will often result in shadowed satellites and
decrease the number of satellites available. This is a major risk for safety operations.
The Satellite Prediction application is a helpful tool to plan an operation where good
accuracy throughout the operation is necessary and it will help the operator to plan
when a safety operation could take place and to identify periods of poor satellite
geometry.

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The satellite prediction is based on the satellite's almanac data received from the GNSS
receiver.

Figure 42 Satellite Prediction

When opening the Satellite Prediction application, the current date, time and position
is set as start values. In addition, shadow sectors are drawn as inserted in the Operator
software configuration dialog, Sky view tab, while the elevation mask is drawn as set
in the NavEngine configuration. The default duration of the prediction is set to 24 hours
but may be changed to 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours. To change start values, insert new values
and press the Recalculate button to update the graphs and sky view.

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The vessel heading is displayed in the satellite

prediction application identical to the heading
input to the DPS. However, it is possible to
drag the heading indicator to any heading and
see how this affects the graphs.
It is possible to add shadow sectors. Right-
click on the mouse over the Sky view area,
press Add sector and a new sector is enabled.
The new sector is edited by dragging and
placing it in the correct place. Also the default
sectors may be edited. After adding and
editing sectors, press the Recalculate button to
update the graphs. Press the Reset sectors
button to delete the added sectors. Only the
sectors drawn in the Operator software Figure 43 Adding sector into the
configuration dialog, Sky view tab, will Satellite Prediction Sky view
remain.
To remove a sector, right-click on the mouse
over the current sector and select Remove
sector. In the Satellite Prediction application
it is possible to disable satellites. In the sky
view, right-click on the mouse over a satellite
and select Disable. The satellite will turn grey
and the graphs will display the number of
satellites and HDOP where this satellite is
omitted. To enable the satellite, right-click on
the mouse over a satellite and select Enable.
By dragging the Time indicator with the
mouse, the satellite constellation will change
according to the time shown by the Time
indicator and the Time selection. PageUp and
PageDown or the left and right arrow keys on Figure 44 Track plot
the keyboard also operate the Time indicator.
When using the PageUp and PageDown keys, the Time indicator will jump in greater
intervals than if using the arrow keys. To set the satellite constellation to a specific time,
input time in the Time selection box and press Update.
If the Track plot option is enabled, the satellites' orbit will be plotted when dragging
the time indicator. The track plot assists in determining if a satellite is rising or falling in
elevation. The length of the track plot is the same as in the Sky view and is set in the
Sky view tab in the Operator software configuration dialog.

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The colours used in the Number of satellites (# Sat) graph,

indicate the status of the satellite constellation.

Green: ≥ 5 satellites visible.

Yellow: 4 satellites visible.
Red: ≤ 3 satellites visible.

The colours of the HDOP graph indicate the satellite

geometry (default values):

Green: HDOP < 2.5.

Yellow: 2.5 < HDOP < 4.
Red: HDOP > 4.
Figure 45 Close up of
satellite prediction graphs
The colours of the satellites in the sky view indicate the following:
GPS satellite.

GLONASS satellite.

The satellite is under the elevation mask or hidden by a shadow

sector.
The satellite is rejected by the DPS position calculation algorithms or
is reported unhealthy from the almanac. Red satellites are not
included in the calculations.

2.12.2 Diagnostics
A tool which shows information about available reference stations.
DGNSS Monitor This tool is available in all system modes and it shows
information about available reference stations.
Data Viewer An application for providing raw data views to ease system
verification and diagnostics.
Port Monitor An application which displays the data traffic on all serial and
net ports.
NavEngine Console Debug window for NavEngine.
Explorer Opens the Windows Explorer view.

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Windows shell Opens the Windows command shell.

Service List The Windows Services list.

2.12.2.1 DGNSS Monitor

The DGNSS Monitor shows information about available reference stations. The dialog
presents three tabs, one per supported correction type.
By default, the reference station list is sorted in ascending order based on the distance
from the vessel to the reference station. Click a column header to change sort criteria.
Only ascending order is provided.
The column headers of the DGNSS Monitor show the following:
ID The reference station's identification number.
Link Name The name of the correction link that receives data from the
reference station.
Type The type of corrections received from the reference station.
#SV The number of satellites tracked by the reference station.
Dist [km] The distance between the vessel and the reference station in
kilometres.
Age [s] This column shows the age of the correction data.
Health code This column shows the reference station health status.
Health code = 0: the reference station is working OK.
Health code = 6: the reference station transmission is not
monitored.
Health code = 7: the reference station is not working.
Used This column shows if the reference station data are used in the
position computation (Yes, No, Timed out).
Name The name of the reference station.

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Figure 46 DGNSS Monitor, RTCM stations

The upper field of the RTCM tab presents the number of RTCM stations available and
the number of RTCM stations used by the system. In addition, the Age limit and Range
limit set in the NavEngine configuration are displayed. A reference station further away
than the range limit, will not be used in the position calculations. If the age of the data
received from a reference station exceeds the Age limit, the data from the station will
not be used.

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Figure 47 DGNSS Monitor, SBAS

The SBAS tab shows SBAS satellites as correction links and the status of corrections
received from the satellites via the GNSS receiver. The upper field of the tab presents
the number of SBAS satellites tracked by the GNSS receiver and how many of the
satellites are used in the position solution. Tracking mode indicates how many SBAS
satellites that are enabled in the NavEngine configuration.

Tracking mode parameters:

Manual – Single One specific SBAS satellite is enabled in the NavEngine
configuration.
Manual – Dual Two specific SBAS satellites are enabled in the NavEngine
configuration.
Disabled SBAS disabled in the NavEngine configuration.
Automatic No specific SBAS satellite is selected and the system will select
and use data from the best of the available satellites.

Precision mode parameters:

NPA Non Precision Approach Mode.
PA Precision Approach Mode.

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Figure 48 DGNSS Monitor, HP/XP/G2

The system supports the high precision services SeaSTAR HP, SeaSTAR XP and
SeaSTAR G2 offered by Fugro Seastar.
SeaSTAR HP is a wide area network decimetre level DGPS service. The service offers
decimetre level positioning accuracy, even several hundred kilometres from the
reference stations. The service is covering the most areas around the world with
offshore activity.
SeaSTAR XP is a decimetre level phase based service using orbit and clock data.
Reference stations with a worldwide spread is utilised to calculate the orbit and clock
value of each GPS satellite more accurately than the broadcast GPS ephemeris. The
correction data can be used at any location, regardless of distance to any reference
station, making the system truly global.
SeaSTAR G2 is a decimetre level phase based service, using orbit and clock data, based
on GPS and GLONASS. Both the L1 and L2 frequencies in both systems are used to
compensate for ionosphere delay. The orbit/clock concept utilises reference stations
with a worldwide spread to calculate the orbit and the clock value of each GPS and
GLONASS satellite more accurately than the broadcast ephemeris. The correction data
can be used at any location, regardless of distance to any reference station, making the
system truly global.
A valid subscription has to be present in order to use the SeaSTAR HP, SeaSTAR XP or
SeaSTAR G2 service. Figure 48 indicates how a valid subscription is displayed in the
HP/XP/G2 tab of the DGNSS Monitor.

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The upper field of the HP/XP/G2 tab presents which mode the system is subscribed to,
which mode it is operating in and when the subscription expires. If the expiration time is
flashing, it is less than 14 days until the subscription expires.

2.12.2.2 Data Viewer

The Data Viewer shows raw data information about satellites tracked by the receiver,
position fix information, SBAS information and hardware platform status. The
application is a helpful tool for system verification and diagnostics.

Figure 49 Data Viewer application

2.12.3 Log
NavEngine log Click to open Windows Explorer in the root folder for the
NavEngine log data.

2.12.4 C-Map
The C-Map section helps maintaining the C-Map ECS license needed to display high
quality ECS. For more information on how to install and maintain the C-Map ECS
license, see the Installation Manual.

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C-Map Manager From the C-Map Chart Manager it is possible to upload data
base chart information and to connect the C-Map dongle to the
licence.
C-Map User Setup Resets the C-Map dongle information. Note that license
information will have to be re-entered via the C-Map Viewer
before C-Map charts can be shown in full resolution.

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2.13 System menu

The items of the System menu are described below.

2.13.1 Own vessel

Select monitoring point Click to select monitoring
point on the vessel. The
displayed position or distance
to target always refers to the
selected monitoring point.

Figure 50 System menu

Figure 51 Selection of Monitoring Point

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2.13.2 Configuration

The Configuration section

contains two items,
NavEngine and Operator
SW.
Selecting NavEngine
enables a sub-menu were
Standard or Advanced
configuration may be
selected. Figure 52 NavEngine Configuration menu
NavEngine configuration is
described in the Installation
Manual.

2.13.3 Operator software configuration

The Operator software configuration dialog appears when clicking the System menu
and Operator SW.
The settings are grouped in several tab pages, and each of these is described in the
following sections.

2.13.3.1 View

Figure 53 Operator software configuration - View

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The View page specifies the contents of each view to be used when the HMI application
starts up. The drop-down list controls indicate the contents, and the user may select
from the available list in View 1 and View 2. For the DPS unit, the content of View 3 is
fixed.
The layout of the dialog reflects the basic layout of the DPS HMI.
Two views cannot have the same contents. Hence, if Target Monitor is selected as
contents in View 1, other contents will automatically be selected for View 2.
Click OK to apply the selection.

2.13.3.2 Alarms

Figure 54 Operator software configuration - Alarms

The Alarms page is divided into two sections.
The first section controls the minimum severity for alarms displayed in the Top bar.
Alarm Only messages with alarm severity are displayed.
Warning Messages with alarm and warning severity are displayed.
Information All messages are displayed.

The second section controls the Alarm history length in the Alarm history view, see
Alarm menu section.

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Period Sets the period for the inactive alarms to be displayed in the
History tab in the Alarm history view. If a period of 12 hours
is selected, the last 12 hours inactive alarms will be displayed.
[h].
Number of messages Sets a maximum numbers of inactive alarms which shall be
displayed in the History tab in the Alarm history view. If 500
are selected, the last 500 inactive alarms will be displayed.
Note If the Operator SW is stopped, restarted or shutdown, most of the alarm
history will be deleted. Only the active alarms generated from NavEngine
sw will be available.
Related topics
Alarm menu on page 36

2.13.3.3 Data source

The DPS HMI does not need to run on the same CPU as the NavEngine service. By
entering the multicast group and port used by the wanted NavEngine instance in the
Data Source page, remote data become available.

Figure 55 Operator software configuration - Data source

Address The address on which the Operator software receives data.
Port The port on which the Operator software receives data.
Note If the Operator software should receive data from NavEngine, the Address
and Port must match the UDP address and UDP port entered in the
NavEngine configuration, see the Installation Manual.

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2.13.3.4 Chart
In the Chart page the user can select which chart to use as a background layer for the
targets presented in the TMV.
Three charts may be selected:
DCW The DCW will present a map based on a free 1:1 000 000 scale
digital base map of the world. This map is not accurate and shall
never be used for navigation purposes.
C-Map C-Map offers high quality electronic charts. Select this option if
a C-Map subscription and an eToken USB dongle are available.
Unless a subscription is available, C-Map data will be very
rough. See Installation Manual for more information on how to
configure the C-Map database.
Blank chart This option will present a grey background instead of a map.

The Chart page also offers two map detail pages, one for DCW and one for C-Map.
Check a box to make the wanted information available, uncheck to hide.

Figure 56 Operator software configuration - DCW chart

The C-Map offers option buttons for selecting chart style and chart type in addition to
the detail checkboxes in the Display frame.
S-52 is a chart style obeying the S-52 standard, whereas C-Map gives a style with
slightly different colours and symbols.

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Chart type defines the level of information that is presented. S-52 Full will show all
available information. S-52 Standard and S-52 Base show a subset of the information
available with S-52 Full.
Checking Terrain in the Display frame will have no effect on medium and large scales.
When zooming out to smaller scales, terrain and sea elevations will be displayed on top
of the map data. Terrain data are not visible in Night mode.

Figure 57 Operator software configuration - C-Map chart

2.13.3.5 General
The General page is used to define track plot length, bearing calculations and speed and
course over ground settings.
The Track plot length parameter defines the length of the track plot displayed in the
TMV. The track plot is defined by number of points, e.g. with a data rate of 1 Hz, a
300-point track plot shows a track of the last 5 minutes.
The EBL and DT/BT calculations can be configured to use true or relative heading.
Using true calculations, the heading is calculated with regards to true north. When Use
true bearing is not checked, relative heading is used. Relative heading is related to the
vessel heading, not to true north.
When checking the Use COG as heading parameter, the gyro heading input to the
vessel is ignored and COG is used as heading. However, if the speed of the vessel
(SOG) is below the SOG low limit parameter, the COG heading is invalid.
It is possible to configure the colour of the speed arrows in the Speed view. Default the
arrows are green both starboard/port and forward/aft. Check Use red arrows for
port/aft if red arrows to port/aft are preferable.

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Figure 58 Green arrow Figure 59 Use red port/aft arrows

Check Use smoothed speed to filter the velocity displayed in the HMI application. The
filter periods are configurable.
Check Use two decimals in SL/ST to display SL and ST with two decimals rather than
one decimal, which is the default.
Select the station orientation which suits the direction in which the operator looks when
viewing the display. If the operator looks towards the stern, select Astern from the
menu. This will cause the arrows, as well as the shape, to be turned 180 degrees related
to what is displayed in the figures above. Otherwise, select Forward.
Enter a suitable limit for the speed under which the arrows are not displayed. The
default is 0.19 knots (0.1 m/s).

Figure 60 Operator software configuration - General

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2.13.3.6 UTM options

The UTM Options page controls how UTM positions are treated by the DPS
application.
When checking False Northing, positions south of the equator will always be presented
as positive in the TMV. A fixed offset of 10 000 000 m is added to the northing value to
avoid negative coordinates in the southern hemisphere. When checking False Easting, a
fixed offset of 500 000 m is added to the true easting value to avoid negative
coordinates. The UTM standard uses false northing and false easting, i.e. the co-
ordinates are never negative. In case negative northing or easting is wanted, uncheck the
checkbox.
Note It is not possible to uncheck False Easting.
The UTM zone is automatically calculated by default. The Auto extended zone option
is only applicable between 56 degrees to 64 degrees north and 3 degrees to 6 degrees
east. The 32V zone is extended west to 3 degrees east, so when selecting the Auto
extended zone in this area, zone 32V is used. When outside the current area and Auto
extended zone is selected, the used zone is equal to the zone used when checking Auto
zone.
When checking Auto zone, the system zone is automatically calculated in accordance
with the inserted co-ordinates.
Checking Manual zone makes it possible to define which Zone and Zone offset to use.
The Zone offset option allows a fixed offset to be applied to the longitudinal degrees.
The UTM zone can be offset up to ±3 degrees. The Zone offset is typically used where
the maps used have an offset. The Zone range is from 1 to 60.
Note The position properties selected in the Operator software configuration
dialog are only for display purposes. For position properties output on a
port, see the Installation Manual.

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Figure 61 Operator software configuration - UTM options

2.13.3.7 AIS
The DPS is able to display AIS targets in the TMV. Only data received via IP are
supported. External equipment is required to convert from serial data to IP data.
Check the Show AIS Targets checkbox to enable AIS data processing. In the AIS
Connection settings sector, the user can define the source protocol, address and the
port where the AIS data stream is going to be made available. AIS messages received
will be processed and converted to targets in the TMV automatically.
In order to avoid a potential double display of own vessel, the vessel's MMSI may be
entered in the Own MMSI number field. This will hide AIS reports for own vessel.

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Figure 62 Operator software configuration - AIS

2.13.3.8 Sky view

The Sky view page defines the appearance of the Sky view. It is possible to select the
following options: Display correction satellites, Signal strength, Shadow sectors and
Satellites track plot length.

Figure 63 Operator software configuration - Sky view

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The Display correction satellites option

visualises correction satellites like Inmarsat
and Spotbeam. The satellite positions are
predefined. To select which correction
satellites to display, click the Individual…
button and select the satellites to use. The
enabled satellites will appear in the Sky
View as brown triangles. Spotbeam
satellites are marked with an S while
Inmarsat satellites are marked with an I.
When the mouse cursor hover over a
correction satellite, a tooltip with satellite
name, azimuth, elevation and position will Figure 64 Selection of correction
appear. satellites to display
When enabling the Signal strength option 1,
a signal bar is displayed under the satellites
in the Sky view. The signal bar indicates the
signal-to-noise ratio for the satellite, and the
longer the bar, the stronger the signal. It is
possible to select signal strength for both L1 Figure 65 Correction satellite tooltip
and L2. When selecting for both L1 and L2,
two signal bars are displayed.
To add a shadow sector, place the mouse over the sky view area, right-click on the
mouse and select Add sector. By dragging the edges of the sector, the sector becomes
larger or smaller. To move the sector, select the sector and drag it to the wanted
position. To delete a sector, select a sector, right-click on the mouse and select Remove
sector. The shadow sector refers to the vessel centre and will follow the vessel heading.
Azimuth start describes the starting angle of the sector in degrees (0 to 360) related to
North. Azimuth sweep describes the size in degrees. Elevation start describes the
starting angle of the sector in degrees (0 to 90) where 0 degrees is the horizon and 90
degrees is straight above the antenna.
Satellite track plot assists in determining if a satellite is rising or falling in elevation.
The Satellite track plot length defines how long the length of the track plot should be.
When Satellite Track plot is enabled, the track plot starts to increase. Maximum length
of the track plot is 720 minutes.

1
Signal strength L2 only available on dual frequency systems.

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Figure 66 Sky view with correction satellites, signal strength bar, track plots and
shadow sector

2.13.3.9 Seabed maps

From the Seabed maps page it is possible to import seabed maps indicating e.g.
pipelines, well heads, depth data and seafloor structures into the DPS system.
Multiple layers of information give the operator unmatched opportunities for a
customised visual presentation. The seabed maps need to be created with the Seabed
Maps Wizard. The Seabed Maps Wizard supports AutoCAD DXF and DWG files.

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Figure 67 Operator software configuration - Seabed maps

After the seabed maps are created in the Seabed Maps Wizard, they must be imported
into the DPS. Select the Import… button and select the seabed map file to import.
When the files are selected, map details are displayed in the Seabed maps page.

Figure 68 Seabed maps import and map details

To enable the seabed maps in the TMV, select Seabed maps under the Chart menu,
see the Display options section.

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Figure 69 Seabed map layer in TMV

Related topics
• Display options on page 34

2.13.4 Information
The Information section contains the Help and About dialogs.

Help Displays a Quick Help dialog presenting some basic help

information 2.

2
Please note name change for System Settings dialog. It is now called Operator software configuration
dialog.

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Figure 70 Quick Help dialog

About Presents the About dialog which contains various information

about the system such as contact, software version and
equipment information.

2.13.5 System control

The System control part contains the Change system mode selection, the Restart,
Stop and Shutdown options.

2.13.5.1 Change system mode

Via the Change system mode menu, the
operator can change the system's operating
mode. Switching to Configuration or
Engineering mode requires a password. This
password is always "STX" and is not
possible to change.
The password is not case sensitive. The
system will return to Operation mode after 3
minutes of user inactivity. Access to
Configuration mode may also be gained by
pressing Ctrl+E simultaneously. This will
open the password dialog directly. Figure 71 Change system mode options

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2.13.6 Restart

From the Restart menu it is possible to stop

and then immediately start the NavEngine,
the Operator SW or the whole system.
When restarting the whole system, the
system will be restarted automatically and
will resume operation within 2 minutes.
Figure 72 Restart options
When restarting the Operator SW, the application will terminate, and then automatically
restart.

Caution Restarting NavEngine or System will stop all processing,

calculation and output from the system for about 2 minutes.
Note When restarting the Operator SW, the system will still calculate and output
data.

2.13.7 Stop

From the Stop menu it is possible to end the

NavEngine and the Operator SW.

Figure 73 Stop options

Caution Stopping NavEngine stops all processing, calculation and output

from the system.
Note When stopping the Operator SW, the system will still calculate and output
data.

G200-78 / rev. 7 71
DPS 232

When stopping the Operator SW, the

application will be terminated and the display
will turn black.
To restart the Operator SW, press
Ctrl+Alt+Delete and the Task Manager will
appear. From the Task Manager, select Shut
Down and then Log Off DPS. The standard
Windows background and log in display will
appear. Press Enter, and the Operator SW
will restart.
Figure 74 Start Operator SW

2.13.8 Shutdown

From the Shutdown menu it is possible to

shutdown the system. Turn off the power on
the Processing Unit or HMI Unit when the
message "It is now safe to turn off your
computer", appears.

Figure 75 Shutdown options

Caution Shutting down the system stops all processing, calculation and
output from the system.
Note Do not turn off power during the Windows XP shutdown sequence.

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3 MAINTENANCE
The DPS unit consists of both software and hardware. The software part can be
reinstalled or upgraded to the latest version in the field. Service on the DPS hardware in
the field can consist of:
• Exchanging damaged antenna cables.
• Exchanging failed GNSS antennas.
• Exchanging failed DPS unit.
The DPS is not designed for service in the field and opening the housing will result in
damage or degradation of the unit and void the warranty. The system requires a skilled
technician to maintain most of the hardware service.

3.1 Periodic maintenance

The periodic maintenance for this system consists of regular cleaning of air inlet for the
DPS unit.

3.1.1 Cleaning of air inlet

The air inlet at the rear of the DPS unit needs to be cleaned regularly to avoid
overheating of the unit. The period between each cleaning is dependent on the air
quality at the installation site. However, we recommend that the filter should be cleaned
at least every six months.

3.2 Software upgrades

Kongsberg Seatex will regularly offer software upgrades for the system with
improvements and new functionalities. It is up to the user to decide whether he will
upgrade his unit to the latest version.
Upgrades are distributed on USB memory sticks or as zip archives to be copied to a
memory stick.
How to upgrade the DPS system software:
1 Perform a system configuration backup by selecting Copy configuration from the
System menu. It is recommended to run this program twice; once with a memory
stick as the target and once with a folder on the DPS hard disk as the target.
2 If you have received a DPS system upgrade memory stick from Kongsberg
Seatex, please continue from step 4.
3 Extract the contents of the zip file received from Kongsberg Seatex to the root
folder of a USB memory stick. Verify that the memory stick contains a folder
named DPS in the root directory after extraction.

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4 Insert the upgrade USB memory stick to a USB port.

5 If the existing DPS installation version is not a 5.x installation, please continue
from step 7.
6 DPS systems with version 5.x do not support the latest upgrade system, so the
upgrade needs to be started manually:
a. Enter Engineering mode (System|Change system mode|Engineering)
b. Select Tools|NavEngine log to open an Explorer window
c. Click My Computer in the left Explorer pane
d. Locate the inserted USB memory stick (normally drive F:) and navigate
to the DPS folder
e. Double-click the UpgradeStxSw.bat file (normally located at the
bottom of the file list)
f. Continue from step 9
7 The following message will appear in the upper left corner of the screen:

Figure 76 Software upgrade dialog

Note On versions prior to 6.04.00, the upgrade dialog does not always appear
in front of the DPS operator SW window. Restarting the Operator SW will
make the upgrade dialog visible.
8 Click Yes to run the software upgrade.
9 The following message is displayed:

Figure 77 Information message

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Caution If the memory stick is removed before prompted by the system,

the upgrade will fail and leave the DPS system in an
indeterminate state!
10 The upgrade system will now inform about the versions involved, as indicated in
the following figure:

Figure 78 Version information

11 Click Install to start the upgrade.
12 The Operator SW and NavEngine will be stopped when clicking Install. This will
also stop all output to external systems, such as the DP.

13 A .NET framework upgrade is needed when upgrading from DPS versions 5.x.
This is indicated in the figure below. Continue from step 17 if this dialog is not
displayed.

Figure 79 .NET framework required

Caution Ignoring the .NET framework installation request will cause no
software to be upgraded, as the Operator SW depends upon this
version of .NET framework.
14 If the required .NET framework installer is not available on the memory stick, the
installation will stop and a dialog will appear indicating this (see the Upgrade
troubleshooting section below). The system will resume normal operation, as no
changes have been made at this point.
15 A dialog indicating that the .NET framework is being installed, will appear. The
installation will require around 10 minutes.
16 As soon as the correct .NET framework is available, the installation continues.

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17 DPS software installation will now start, and progress information will be updated
in the dialog throughout the process. The Operator SW is upgraded first. Upon
successful upgrade of the Operator SW, the NavEngine upgrade starts.
18 If the NavEngine upgrade contains firmware upgrade for the DGNSS receiver, the
operator is asked to confirm upgrade as indicated in the figure below.

Figure 80 GNSS receiver FW upgrade

Note It is recommended to click Yes to upgrade the receiver firmware whenever
available.
19 The NavEngine software and configuration will now be upgraded. NavEngine
upgrade status is indicated as shown below:

Figure 81 NavEngine upgrade status

Note All relevant configuration from the old system is maintained. There should
be no need to re-enter configuration parameters after upgrade.
20 When the software upgrade has been successfully installed, the message below is
presented. Click OK to close the dialog.

Figure 82 Successful installation

21 Remove the memory stick.
22 The system software is automatically started and output to external systems will
resume.

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3.2.1 Upgrade troubleshooting

3.2.1.1 .NET framework installation failed

If the .NET framework installer is not available, the installation will display a dialog as
indicated in the following figure:

Figure 83 .NET framework installer missing

This message is not a critical one, as no changes will be made to the system.
However, should the .NET framework installation fail and the message below is
displayed, please contact Kongsberg Seatex customer support for further assistance.

Figure 84 .NET installation failed

3.2.1.2 NavEngine upgrade failed

There might be a variety of reasons for a failed NavEngine upgrade. In order to
determine the cause of this situation, a log file is created during installation. In case
NavEngine upgrade fails, the following dialog is presented.

Figure 85 NavEngine upgrade failed

Click Yes to view the installation log. It is recommended to send the log file to
Kongsberg Seatex customer support as a tool for further assistance.

G200-78 / rev. 7 77
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3.2.1.3 Software upgrade failed

In case any upgrade step fails, the final message is as indicated below. If this message is
presented, please contact Kongsberg Seatex customer support for assistance.

Figure 86 Failed installation

3.3 Repairs and modifications

Repair of the DPS unit consists of exchange of damaged antenna cables, exchange of
GNSS antenna and replacement of the DPS unit. These repairs can be carried out by a
skilled electrician.

3.3.1 Exchange of GNSS antenna cable

1 Follow the Shut down procedure described in previous sections.
2 Dismount the damaged antenna cable. The new antenna cable must be as straight
as possible. Do not crush or crimp the cable as this will affect the electrical
properties of the cable.
3 Connect the antenna cable to the GNSS antenna.
4 The connection between the GNSS antenna and the antenna cable should be
sealed against water penetration, preferably using waterproof self-vulcanizing
tape.
5 Connect the antenna cable to the DPS unit.

Caution If the antenna cable is attached to the unit, do not attach the
antenna cable to the GNSS antenna with the DPS unit powered
on. If the antenna cable is short-circuited with power on, the
GNSS receiver within the unit will be damaged.

3.3.2 Exchange of GNSS antenna

1 Follow the Shut down procedure described in previous sections.
2 Dismount the failed GNSS antenna.
3 Mount the new antenna on the mounting rod or similar.

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4 Connect the antenna cable to the antenna.

5 The connection between the GNSS antenna and the cable should be sealed against
water penetration, preferably by using waterproof self-vulcanizing tape.
6 Connect the antenna cable to the DPS unit.

Caution If the antenna cable is attached to the unit, do not attach the
antenna cable to the antenna with the DPS unit powered on. If
the antenna cable is short-circuited with power on, the GNSS
receiver within the unit will be damaged.

3.3.3 Repair of DPS unit

The DPS unit is not designed for customer maintenance. All repairs and modifications
of the unit, except installation of new software versions and setup of the system, should
be carried out by Kongsberg Seatex qualified personnel. A failed unit should be shipped
back to Kongsberg Seatex or other agreed service point for repair.

3.3.4 Installation of spare DPS unit

If a spare unit is rented while your unit is in for repair, use the following procedure to
exchange the unit:
1 Enter Configuration or Engineering mode.
2 Insert a USB memory stick into the USB port in the front of the HWP which runs
the Operating SW.
3 Select Copy Configuration from the Tools menu.
4 Tick all checkboxes in the Information to copy/restore box.
5 Verify that correct vessel name and serial number are entered in the Copy tab of
the Configuration Copier.
6 If wanted, change the name of the archive and target folder.
7 Follow the Shut down procedure described in previous sections.
8 Disconnect the DPS unit to be repaired from its cables and the rack, and replace it
with the spare unit.
9 Connect all cables as they were on the original unit.
10 Power up the unit.
11 Insert the USB stick into the spare unit and start the Copy Configuration tool
from the Tools menu.
12 Select the Restore tab and browse to the archive created above.
13 Click the Restore button to restore the configuration from the original unit.
14 Select System | Restart | System to restart the DPS.

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If the hard disk on the DPS unit has failed, it is not possible to access its setup file. The
spare unit has to be configured as described in the Installation Manual.

3.4 Troubleshooting
This part of the document is written for personnel with operator experience when a
situation arises where assistance from service personnel may be required. The aim of
this section is to identify the problem so that the appropriate action can be taken.
The error conditions in the system are usually observed by looking at the colour codes
of the different fields in the display pages or four LED indicators located on the front
panel. In the following pages a description of the different status and alarm situations is
given.

3.4.1 No mouse cursor

The mouse cursor may hide important information. For maximum visibility, the mouse
cursor is hidden after about one minute with no user activity. Simply move the mouse
again to re-display the mouse cursor.

3.4.2 No zoom buttons

The zoom buttons may hide important information. For maximum visibility, the zoom
buttons located in the TMV chart area are hidden when the mouse cursor is moved
away from the buttons.
The zoom buttons will always reappear when the mouse cursor is moved towards the
upper right corner of the TMV chart area.

3.4.3 No satellites tracked by receiver

The figure shows the DPS unit when no GPS/GLONASS satellites are tracked by the
receiver. This can happen in the following situations:

1 When operating close to offshore installations part of the horizon might be

shadowed (by e.g. a platform) resulting in blocking of the GPS/GLONASS
signals.
2 Faulty antenna cable or connectors.
3 Faulty GNSS antenna.
4 Software or GNSS receiver hang-up or defects in the GNSS receiver.
5 Faulty communication setup parameters for the GNSS receiver in the
Configuration file, see the Installation Manual.

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Recommended action for software or GNSS receiver hang-up:

1 Shut down the DPS unit as described in previous sections.

2 Turn on the unit again after a couple of minutes and see if the problem is solved.
It will usually take up to five minutes before the position is stable after a reboot.
In the boot up sequence the GNSS receiver is reset and this may solve the
problem.
3 If the situation is unchanged, check the GNSS antenna and the coax
cable/connectors. This is described in the Installation Manual.

Figure 87 DPS unit when no satellites are tracked

G200-78 / rev. 7 81
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3.4.4 Few satellites tracked by receiver

A problem with few satellites is very often

due to shadowing of the GNSS antenna or
poor antenna connectors or cable. An
example of the error ellipse and status is
shown the figure to the right. This
situation is often experienced on vessels
working close to offshore platforms or
other shadowing objects. If the problem is
assumed to be due to water penetration in
the antenna cable or connectors, measure
the cable and antenna in accordance with
the Installation Manual.

Figure 88 Error ellipse with few

satellites tracked by receiver

3.4.5 Loss of differential corrections

Loss of differential corrections may be seen in the Link bar at the bottom of the TMV.
If there are several differential correction links interfaced to the DPS unit, a problem
with one of the links may not degrade the position solution. If all the links are missing,
the position will be severely degraded due to the non-differential position solution. In
this situation, the DQI bar will turn red and the DQI number will be 1.

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Figure 89 DPS unit with one differential link missing

Satellite Differential Correction Systems

Differential corrections to the DPS unit are very often applied by using a Fugro
demodulator which receives data from either a Spot satellite or an Inmarsat satellite.
The 3610 DGNSS Receiver User Manual describes the operation of the demodulator.
The status of the demodulator and the reception of correction data can be monitored
through the display window. After power ON, the receiver will indicate frequency
searching by displaying Init on the signal status page. When it has locket to the signal,
Lock will be displayed together with a graphical bar display.

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Figure 90 Fugro Seastar demodulator - front view

If the DPS unit is connected to an Inmarsat correction link, the following should be
checked if the reception is poor:
• Use the keypads and select Set pos/channel and then Set antenna power. Turn
power OFF and then ON again.
• Check the cabling between the Inmarsat terminal and the demodulator.
• Check that the Inmarsat terminal is tracking the correct satellite for the area.
• Check the serial port cable between the demodulator and the DPS unit.

Figure 91 Fugro Seastar demodulator - rear view

3.4.6 IALA beacon signal missing

The IALA beacon receiver is integrated in the DPS unit.

3.4.6.1 Unstable signal

The status of the IALA differential link changes from green to red if the differential
corrections are lost or missing. If the signal is unstable, frequently changing from red to
green, do the following:

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1 Check if the vessel is near an IALA station and is supposed to receive IALA
signals.
2 Check if the antenna and the antenna cable are connected properly.
3 The IALA antenna should be protected from direct illumination from radar beams
and other transmitting antennas. If the antenna is close to transmitting antennas,
move the IALA antenna.
4 Check if the DPS system is grounded as recommended.
Note The DPS cabinet must be connected to a grounded outlet.
5 If still unstable signal, contact Kongsberg Seatex.

3.4.6.2 No IALA signal

If the IALA signal is missing do the following:
1 Check if the vessel is near an IALA station and is supposed to receive IALA
signals.
2 Check if the antenna and the antenna cable are connected properly.
3 The IALA antenna should be protected from direct illumination from radar beams
and other transmitting antennas. If the antenna is close to transmitting antennas,
move the IALA antenna.
4 Check if the DPS system is grounded as recommended.
Note The DPS cabinet must be connected to a grounded outlet.

If the vessel is close to an IALA station and the signal is still missing, follow the
procedure below.
Preparations
1 Click System|Change system mode and select Engineering. When asked for
password, type "stx".
2 Select Tools|Data Viewer. When the Data Viewer has started, choose the IALA
view.

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Troubleshooting
1. Check that there is contact with the IALA beacon receiver by checking the Time
updated field. This field shall be updated with an interval of 10 seconds if contact
is established. If no contact, contact Kongsberg Seatex.
2. To check if the IALA beacon receiver is locked on a station, i.e. is receiving data,
check the Link Status field. This field shall be Ok. If the field is Error, the
signal is not locked or the signal is bad.
3. If the Link Status field is Error, check the Frequency field. If the frequency is
changing every 10 seconds, the receiver is searching for the beacon but is not able
to lock the signal. Consider if you can fix the frequency and MSK bit rate by
setting IALA Search mode to Manual in NavEngine Configuration. See
Installation Manual for details.

If the S/N field is less than 10 dB, there is a bad signal to noise ratio. Typical value is
between 15 and 30 dB.
The Signal strength field shows the signal strength in dBµV/m.
If the Word error rate is larger than 0, not all data are decoded.

Finishing
Close the Data Viewer. Check visually that the IALA link receives corrections.
If no signal and all the above is checked and tested, contact Kongsberg Seatex AS.

3.4.7 Loss of gyro signal

When the gyro is missing, the DPS unit will look similar to the example below. In the
Speed View the SL, ST, HDG and COG numbers are missing. In the Target
Monitoring View, the vessel is only indicated as a point, the drawing of the vessel is
missing. In the alarm list, an alarm situation is reported when gyro is missing.

If the gyro signal is missing, check the following:

1 Is the serial line connected properly?
2 Is the gyro and gyro repeater working correctly?
3 If the above items are OK, check the gyro setup in the Configuration file, see the
Installation Manual.

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Figure 92 DPS unit with gyro missing

3.4.8 External output problems

Check the serial lines, net cables and cable connectors for mechanical damage if the
external equipment receives no data from the DPS unit. Check also that the connectors
are connected to the correct output ports both on the DPS equipment and on the external
equipment. The layout of the rear panel of the unit is shown in the Installation Manual.
If the cable and connectors are OK, check that the external output configuration of the
DPS unit is set up correctly. This is described in the Installation Manual.

3.4.9 Operating system problems

The DPS unit runs on a Window XP operation system. Some problems that may occur
are listed below.

3.4.9.1 System hang

If moving the mouse has no effect on the cursor position or nothing happens when
clicking the menus, it is likely that the operating system hangs.

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The standard Windows key combination Ctrl+Alt+Del has been disabled for operating
safety reasons. The Ctrl+Alt+Esc combination may start the Task manager, but only
when not in Operation mode, in which the Task manager has been disabled.
Hence, if a system hang occurs when in Operation mode, the only way to recover is to
switch the power off, wait 10 seconds, then switch power back on. The system will start
automatically.
If the hang situation arises when in Engineering mode, launch the Task manager and
try to diagnose the cause of the hang, and if possible, start a reboot sequence from the
Task manager.

3.4.9.2 Hard disk problems

If the hard disk is faulty, e.g. the screen becomes all blue or Windows XP does not
work, Kongsberg Seatex should be contacted to reinstall the system. It is not
recommended to do the reinstallation unless there is a trained operator available.

3.4.9.3 Installation of DPS software

In case of a disk crash or other system malfunction, the system may have to be
reinstalled. In these cases, consult Kongsberg Seatex customer service for guidance on
how to reinstall the system.
The DPS unit is delivered with a system recovery image on bootable media (USB
memory stick, DVD or external hard disk). This image contains support software
ensuring quick and easy system recovery. The system will be fully operative within less
than an hour from the installation process starts.

3.4.10 Copy configuration and logged data

See the Installation manual for a description on how to copy all system configuration
and logged data to an archive file or a USB stick.

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4 PARTS LIST
The different parts in the DPS system are listed below.

Standard components

G205-02 DPS 232 w/cabinet

G205-01 DPS 232, module
G071-21 Cabinet, 6U
G071-27 Keyboard with roller-ball, 19'' rack mount
G060-24 GNSS/GLONASS L1/L2 antenna
G060-13 DGPS beacon antenna
G200-78 DPS 232 User's Manual
G200-79 DPS 232 Installation Manual
G200-80 DPS 232 Site Manual
G071-29 Antenna Interconnection cable
G071-28 Mains cable
G060-03 Antenna mounting rod
G071-68 Interconnection cable, TNC-M/N-F, 0.5 m

DPS optional extras

Functionality
G200-66 NMEA Data Analyzer SW
G200-67 NMEA Data Analyzer SW protection key

Cabinet
G071-31 Terminal block for standard serial ports
G071-26 Terminal block for extended serial ports
G071-33 Cabinet glass door (specify cabinet height)

Trainer
G201-20 DPS Trainer SW
G200-14 DPS Trainer SW Protection Key

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DPS accessories

Monitors
G060-10 VGA Monitor, Office type, 15"
G060-11 VGA monitor, LCD, Industrial, 15"
G060-09 VGA monitor, LCD, Office type, 15"
G060-45 Bracket for ceiling mounting of G060-10

Antenna cables
G070-01 Low loss antenna cable, 1/2", length in metres
G070-02 Antenna cable, RG214, length in metres
G071-03 Connector kit, low loss cable (two connectors)
G060-05 GPS in-line amplifier, 12dB gain
G060-07 GPS in-line amplifier, 21dB gain
G060-14 Fugro in-line amplifier, Inmarsat
G060-15 Fugro in-line amplifier, Spotbeam
G071-07 Connector, RG214
G071-08 Connector, low-loss cable

Data/monitor cables
G080-01 RAD Modem set (line extension RS)
G060-42 Extended VGA cable, processor-monitor, 10 m
G060-43 Extended VGA cable, splitter-monitor, 10 m

Signal splitters
G060-46 Signal splitter, 2 computers - 1 VGA/kbd/mouse
G060-47 Signal splitter, 1 computer - 2 VGA/kbd/mouse

Cabinet
G072-01 External GPS receiver cabinet
G080-01 RAD Modem set (line extension RS)

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DGPS
G211-07 Inmarsat DGNSS receiver 3610
G071-76 Fugro Seastar DGNSS receiver 3610
G071-78 Power supply DGNSS receiver 3610
G071-81 DGNSS receiver 3610 manual, hard copy
G071-82 DGNSS receiver 3610 manual, USB
G071-85 DGNSS receiver 3610, Inmarsat bracket and cable kit

G071-85 DGNSS receiver 3610, Inmarsat bracket and cable kit

G071-77 DGNSS receiver 3610 brackets (2 pcs)
G071-79 DC power cable, DGNSS receiver 3610
G071-80 AC power cable, DGNSS receiver 3610
G071-16 Fugro cable #3 (2 pcs)
G071-17 Fugro cable #6
G071-19 Fugro data cable (2 pcs)

G071-09 Directional Coupler, for Inmarsat B&M demodulators

G211-06 Spotbeam DGNSS receiver, 3610, incl. antenna

G071-76 Fugro Seastar DGNSS receiver, 3610
G071-78 Power supply DGNSS receiver 3610
G071-11 Fugro Spotbeam antenna, standard
G071-81 DGNSS receiver 3610 manual, hard copy
G071-82 DGNSS receiver 3610 manual, USB
G071-83 DGNSS receiver 3610 bracket and cable kit

G071-83 DGNSS receiver 3610 bracket and cable kit

G071-77 DGNSS receiver 3610 brackets (2 pcs)
G071-79 DC power cable, DGNSS receiver 3610
G071-80 AC power cable, DGNSS receiver 3610
G071-14 Fugro cable #1
G071-15 Fugro cable #2
G071-19 Fugro data cable (2 stk)

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G073-01 DGPS beacon receiver, external

G073-02 DGPS beacon receiver module
G060-13 DGPS beacon antenna, Comrod
G060-16 Beacon receiver power supply
G060-17 Beacon receiver data cable
G060-18 Beacon receiver interconnection cable

G700-18 DGPS beacon antenna, CSI MBL-3

G064-15 DGPS 464, Correction receiver for Brazil

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APPENDIX A DECLARATION OF
CONFORMITY

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INDEX
DGLONASS ........................................................... IX, 7 
DGNSS age view ...................................................... 24 
A 
DGNSS Monitor ....................................................... 50 
DGNSS status view .................................................. 24 
Add sector ............................................................... 66 
DGPS .................................................................... IX, 7 
AIS  ...................................................................... IX, 19 
DOP .............................................................. IX, 27, 28 
AIS targets ......................................................... 45, 64 
DP  ............................................................................ IX 
alarm ................................................................. 36, 58 
DPO .......................................................................... IX 
alarm circle .............................................................. 44 
DQI ........................................................................... IX 
Alarm history view .................................................. 37 
DQI bar .................................................................... 25 
Alarm menu ............................................................ 36 
DQI figure ................................................................ 27 
AP I ............................................................................ X 
DRMS ................................................................... IX, 5 
Auto extended zone ................................................ 63 
DT  ...................................................................... IX, 17 
DWL ......................................................................... IX 
B 

BT  ...................................................................... IX, 17  E 

EBL ..................................................................... IX, 35 
C  ECDIS ........................................................................ IX 
ECEF ......................................................................... IX 
C/A ........................................................................... IX  ECS ........................................................................... IX 
CAT ........................................................................... IX  ED50 ................................................................... IX, 31 
CEP ........................................................................... IX  EGNOS ............................................................ IX, 4, 10 
CG  ............................................................................ IX  EMC .......................................................................... IX 
chart ........................................................................ 60  EN  ............................................................................. X 
Chart menu ............................................................. 33  EPE ...................................................................... X, 27 
C‐Map ................................................................ 54, 60  error ellipse ............................................................. 26 
coax cable ................................................................. 2  ETA ............................................................................ X 
COG .................................................................... IX, 86  ETE ...................................................................... X, 35 
COG as heading ....................................................... 61  events ..................................................................... 15 
configuration ........................................................... 57 
correction satellites................................................. 66 
CPU........................................................................... IX  F 
CTP ........................................................................... IX 
F10 .......................................................................... 36 
Ctrl+F10 ................................................................... 36 
F2   ........................................................................... 30 
F3   ........................................................................... 30 
D  F7   ........................................................................... 29 
F8   ........................................................................... 29 
data source ............................................................. 59  false easting ...................................................... 42, 63 
Data Viewer............................................................. 54  false northing .................................................... 42, 63 
datum ...................................................................... 31  FP   ............................................................................. X 
DCW ................................................................... IX, 60 

G200-78 / rev. 7 95
DPS 232

G  NAD27 ................................................................. X, 31 
Night mode ............................................................. 29 
GAGAN ................................................................ 4, 11  NMEA ........................................................................ X 
General .................................................................... 61 
GLONASS ......................................................... X, 6, 22 
O 
GPS .................................................................. X, 5, 22 
GUI ............................................................................ X  operator software configuration ............................ 57 
gyro ......................................................................... 86  Operator SW ........................................................... 57 

H  P 
HDG ............................................................... X, 23, 86  parts list .................................................................. 89 
HDOP ......................................................................... X  PPS ............................................................................ X 
HMI ........................................................................... X  PRN ..................................................................... X, 11 
HP  ....................................................................... X, 53  PSS ...................................................................... X, 45 
HWP .......................................................................... X 

Q 
I 
QA  ............................................................................. X 
IALA ........................................................................... X  quality assessment .................................................. 27 
IEC  ............................................................................. X  quality parameters .................................................. 27 
IMO ..................................................................... X, 18 
Integrity view .......................................................... 25 
IP   ............................................................................. X  R 

RAIM ................................................................... X, 26 
L  restart ..................................................................... 71 
RFI  ............................................................................ XI 
LED ............................................................................ X  RMS .......................................................................... XI 
LOA ............................................................................ X  RTCM........................................................................ XI 
log  ........................................................................... 54  RTCM stations ......................................................... 51 
LPP ............................................................................ X 

S 
M 
SA  ........................................................................ XI, 5 
maintenance ........................................................... 73  satellite prediction .................................................. 46 
MMSI ......................................................................... X  satellite track plot length ........................................ 66 
monitoring points ................................................... 43  SBAS ...................................................... XI, 4, 9, 22, 52 
MP ............................................................................. X  Seabed maps ........................................................... 67 
MSAS ............................................................... X, 4, 10  shutdown ................................................................ 72 
signal strength ........................................................ 66 
N  Sky view ............................................................ 21, 65 
SL   ................................................................ XI, 23, 86 
NA  ............................................................................. X  smoothed speed ..................................................... 62 

96 G200-78 / rev. 7
 User manual

SNR ........................................................................... XI  U 
SOG .......................................................................... XI 
Speed view ........................................................ 23, 61  UPS ........................................................................... XI 
SPS ............................................................................ XI  UTM ............................................................. XI, 31, 42 
ST   ................................................................ XI, 23, 86  UTM options ........................................................... 63 
stop ......................................................................... 71  UTM zone ................................................................ 42 
SW ............................................................................ XI 
system ..................................................................... 56 
system control ........................................................ 70 
W 
System menu .......................................................... 56 
WAAS ............................................................... XI, 4, 9 
system modes ......................................................... 15 
WEEE ........................................................................ XI 
system states .......................................................... 15 
WGS84 ............................................................... XI, 31 

T 
X 
target ................................................................ 38, 39 
XP  ........................................................................... 53 
target configuration ................................................ 39 
Target menu ............................................................ 38 
TMV .................................................................... XI, 16  Z 
Tools menu.............................................................. 46 
Top bar .................................................................... 14  zone offset .............................................................. 63 
track plot length ...................................................... 61  zone options ........................................................... 42 
troubleshooting ...................................................... 80  zoom ................................................................. 21, 33 
true bearing ............................................................ 61 
TTG ........................................................................... XI 

G200-78 / rev. 7 97
DPS 232

98 G200-78 / rev. 7