NWICO

NWICO
HISTORY:
• INTRO:
• The New World Information and Communication
Order (NWICO) is the result of a political proposal
concerning media and communication issues emerging
from international debates in the late 1970s.
• The NWICO movement was part of a broader effort to
formally tackle global economic inequality that was viewed
as a legacy of imperialism upon the global south.
• The term was widely used by the MacBride Commission, a
UNESCO panel chaired by Nobel Peace
Prize laureate Seán MacBride, which was charged with
creation of a set of recommendations to make global media
representation more equitable. The MacBride
Commission produced a report titled "Many Voices, One
World", which outlined the main philosophical points of the
New World Information Communication Order.
• HISTORY:
• The American media scholar Wilbur Schramm noted in
1964 that the flow of news among nations is thin, that
much attention is given to developed countries and little
to less-developing ones, that important events are ignored
and reality is distorted.
• In 1970, at the 16th Congress of a UNESCO, the NWICO
was clearly raised for the first time. NWICO grew out of
the New International Economic Order of 1974.
• The term originated in discussions within the Non-Aligned
Movement (NAM), following the proposal for a “new
international economic order,” and became the expression
of the aspirations of many countries.
• The term "new world information order" was coined
by Hedi Nouira, the prime minister of Tunisia, who was the
first to use it during a conference in 1974.[4] From 1976 to
1978, the phrase New World Information and
Communication Order was generally shortened to New
World Information Order or the New International
Information Order.
• In 1976, for the first time, the slogan of establishing a "New
World Information and Communication Order" was clearly
proposed. At the start of this discussion, NWICO got
associated with the UNESCO starting from the early 1970s.
• Mass media concerns began with the meeting of non-
aligned nations in Algiers, 1973; again in Tunis 1976, and
later in 1976 at the New Delhi Ministerial Conference of
Non-Aligned Nations. The 'new order' plan was textually
formulated by Tunisia's Information Minister Mustapha
Masmoudi. Masmoudi submitted working paper No. 31 to
the MacBride Commission. These proposals of 1978 were
titled the 'Mass Media Declaration.'
• The MacBride Commission at the time was a 16-member
body created by UNESCO to study communication issues.
• In 1980 the MacBride Report was published by UNESCO.
An interim report released in 1979 by UNESCO was
targeted by the American Newspaper Publishers
Association and the American Society of Newspaper Editors.
While these organizations took issue with some of the early
proposals including right of reply and press councils, they
also were troubled by the phrase "New World Information
and Communication Order", seeing it as a dog-whistle for
the use of government propaganda in the guise of
information flow balance.
In 1980 the MacBride Report was published. The report stated
that the right to inform and be informed was critical to modern
societies, and that information was a key resource. The report
than proposed five main ideas of action to progress these goals
1. Include communication as a fundamental right.
2. Reduce imbalances in the news structure.
3. Strengthen a global strategy for communication while
respecting cultural identities and individual rights.
4. Promote the creation of national communication
policies to be coherent and lasting in the processes of
development.
5. Explore how the NWICO could be used to benefit
a New International Economic Order (NIEO).[7]
• The term was widely used by the MacBride Commission, a

UNESCO panel chaired by Nobel Peace Prize, laureate
Sean MacBride, which was charged with creation of a set of
recommendations to make global media representation
more equitable.
• The MacBride Commission produced a report titled Many
Voices, One World, which outlined the main philosophical
points of the New World Information Communication Order
(WikiPedia.org, 2009).
• IMCS, on the other hand, is a term used to refer to the
system in which mass media messages are disseminated to
the global and diverse audiences of the world using
sophisticated international media technologies, institutions
and agencies.
• two facts have to be highlighted beforehand: one, the-so
called ‘international media’ are not international because
they encompass many nations together in disseminating
information, but they are ‘international’ only because they
operate beyond their countries’ geographical borders.
Voice of America (VoA), for instance, is called international
because its television and radio broadcastings are received
all over the world and not because these broadcastings
represent diversity of ideas from other parts of the world.
Even if they are broadcasted into different world
languages, the content of which they present does not
reflect the term ‘international’ as ‘many nations together’,
but only as ‘many nations being told one story from one
source.’
• Two, most of the international media institutions and
agencies are in the West, i.e. United States of America and
Europe. They, therefore, have their thinking orientation and
creation far from other parts of the world. Television
stations like United States’ Cable National Network (CNN),
broadcasting co-operations like British Broadcasting
Cooperation (BBC) and news agencies like Associated Press
are created and oriented into Western way of thinking.
They work for the sake of cultural imperialism – the invasion
of an indigenous people’s culture by powerful foreign
countries through mass media
• TWCs is the term used to refer to the least developed
countries that are located in Southern Hemisphere. Among
them are countries from Latin America, Africa, Asia and the
Eastern Europe. In the context of mass communication,
• NWICO came into existence as a response to the imperial
nature of the IMCS (because as mentioned earlier, IMCS is
equal to the Western media). Western media were, and still
are, building their empire on international mass
communication and the TWCs are trying to fight for their
survival
• the fundamental issue that gave birth to NWICO was
imbalances in global mass communication. The argument
was, and still is, that, the IMCS was not acting fairly as far
as TWCs were concerned. That their media coverage is
partial and that there is an unbalanced flow of media
influence from West to the TWCs.
• According to the Online Encyclopedia, these reasons were
categorized into:
• • News reporting on the developing world that reflects the
priorities of news agencies in London, Paris and New York.
Reporting of natural disasters and military coups rather than
the fundamental realities. At the time four major news
agencies controlled over 80% of global news flow.
• An unbalanced flow of mass media from the developed
world (especially the United States) to the underdeveloped
countries. Everyone watches American movies and television
shows.
• Advertising agencies in the developed world have indirect
but significant effects on mass media in the developing
countries. Some observers also judged the messages of
these ads to be inappropriate for the Third World.
• An unfair division of the radio spectrum. A small number of
developed countries controlled almost 90% of the radio
spectrum. Much of this was for military use (WikiPedia.org,
2009)
The report stated that the right to inform and be informed was
critical to modern societies, and that information was a key
resource. The report than proposed five main ideas of action to
progress these goals:
1. Include communication as a fundamental right.

2. Reduce imbalances in the news structure.
3. Strengthen a global strategy for communication while
respecting cultural identities and individual rights.
4. Promote the creation of national communication
policies to be coherent and lasting in the processes of
development.
5. Explore how the NWICO could be used to benefit
a New International Economic Order (NIEO).[7]
• MAIN POINTS:
➢ Socio Technological imbalance.
➢ One-way flow of information.
➢ Structure of dependency on western countries.
➢ The vertical flow of information.
➢ Domination of western corporation media.
➢ International in equality.
➢ Quantitative imbalance among north and south.
➢ Volume of News.
➢ Cross inequality Radio frequency spectrum is in equal as
well as the traffic of TV program.
➢ Western media hegemony.
➢ Western domination on international information system.
➢ International News media network.
• The New World Information and Communication Order

(NWICO) was younger sister to a 1974 UN-sponsored
proposal for a New International Economic Order (NIEO).
• NWICO was created to foster more equitable
communications between developed and developing
worlds.
NAM The Non-Aligned Movement was founded

and held its first conference (the Belgrade
Conference) in 1961 under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito of
Yugoslavia, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Jawaharlal Nehru of
India, Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, and Sukarno of Indonesia.
The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was created and founded
during the collapse of the colonial system and the
independence struggles of the peoples of Africa, Asia, Latin
America and other regions of the world and at the height of the
Cold War.
Throughout its history, the Movement of Non-Aligned
Countries has played a fundamental role in the preservation of
world peace and security.
While some meetings with a third-world perspective were held

before 1955, historians consider that the Bandung Asian-
African Conference is the most immediate antecedent to the
creation of the Non-Aligned Movement. This Conference was
held in Bandung on April 18-24, 1955 and gathered 29 Heads of
States belonging to the first post-colonial generation of leaders
from the two continents with the aim of identifying and
assessing world issues at the time and pursuing out joint
policies in international relations.
Throughout its history, the Movement of Non-Aligned
Countries has played a fundamental role in the preservation of
world peace and security.
While some meetings with a third-world perspective were held

before 1955, historians consider that the Bandung Asian-
African Conference is the most immediate antecedent to the
creation of the Non-Aligned Movement. This Conference was
held in Bandung on April 18-24, 1955 and gathered 29 Heads of
States belonging to the first post-colonial generation of leaders
from the two continents with the aim of identifying and
assessing world issues at the time and pursuing out joint
policies in international relations.
The principles that would govern relations among large and
small nations, known as the "Ten Principles of Bandung", were
proclaimed at that Conference. Such principles were adopted
later as the main goals and objectives of the policy of non-
alignment. The fulfillment of those principles became the
essential criterion for Non-Aligned Movement membership; it is
what was known as the "quintessence of the Movement" until
the early 1990s.

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NWICO

• The term was widely used by the MacBride Commission, a

1. Include communication as a fundamental right.

• The New World Information and Communication Order

NAM The Non-Aligned Movement was founded

While some meetings with a third-world perspective were held

While some meetings with a third-world perspective were held

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