7C of Academic Writing - February 15, 2024

1. What are the merits and demerits of oral and written communication? 2. Explain the five
etiquettes that make your conversation courteous? 3. What is redundancy in communication? Give
examples. 4. Explain the essential elements of academic writing. 5. How do you achieve conciseness
in communication? 6. How does lack of coherence in an essay affect the reader? 7.What is cohesive
device with examples? 8. Which is not included in 7C of communication? 9. Are the 7C of
communication can be applicable to oral communication? 10. What is consideration in academic
writing?

1. Merits and demerits of oral and written communication:

• Merits of oral communication: Oral communication allows for immediate feedback,

clarification, and adaptation to the audience's reactions. It's also more personal and
allows for nuances like tone and body language.

• Demerits of oral communication: It lacks a permanent record, can be prone to

misunderstandings, and is limited by the inability to revise or edit the message once
it's been delivered.

• Merits of written communication: Written communication provides a permanent

record, allows for careful crafting and editing of the message, and can reach a wider
audience across time and space.

• Demerits of written communication: It lacks immediate feedback, can be more

time-consuming than oral communication, and may not convey tone or emotion as
effectively.

2. Five etiquettes that make your conversation courteous:

• Politeness: Use polite language, avoid commanding tones, and show respect to the
receiver.

• Clarity: Be clear and avoid ambiguity in your communication.

• Correctness: Ensure accuracy in grammar, spelling, punctuation, and factual

information.

• Completeness: Provide all necessary information to avoid confusion and

misunderstandings.

• Consideration: Think from the audience's point of view and avoid discriminatory
language or attitudes.

3. Redundancy in communication: Redundancy refers to the unnecessary repetition of words

or information, which can make communication less concise and effective. Examples include:

• "Join together"

• "Return back"

• "Please kindly"

• "Collaborate together"
4. Essential elements of academic writing:

• Courtesy

• Clarity

• Correctness

• Completeness

• Coherence

• Conciseness

• Consideration

5. Achieving conciseness in communication:

• Eliminate unnecessary words and repetitions.

• Be objective and precise.

• Organize the message to ensure every word is meaningful and purposeful.

• Redraft and revise to trim excess words.

6. Impact of lack of coherence in an essay on the reader: Lack of coherence can confuse and
disinterest the reader, making it difficult to follow the argument or narrative. It disrupts the
flow of ideas and prevents the reader from fully engaging with the content.

7. Cohesive device with examples: Cohesive devices are words or phrases used to connect
ideas within a text. Examples include:

• Firstly, secondly, finally

• However, therefore, consequently

• In addition, furthermore

• For instance, for example

• On the other hand, in contrast

8. Which is not included in the 7C of communication:

• Empathy. (While consideration encompasses thinking from the audience's point of

view, empathy is not explicitly mentioned in the 7Cs.)

9. Applicability of the 7C of communication to oral communication:

• Yes, the 7Cs of communication can be applicable to oral communication, albeit with
some adjustments. For instance, in oral communication, non-verbal cues such as
tone of voice and body language become more important for conveying courtesy and
consideration.

10. Consideration in academic writing: Consideration in academic writing refers to the writer's
ability to think from the audience's perspective and to avoid language or attitudes that may
 be discriminatory or offensive. It involves respecting the diversity of readers and ensuring
the language used is inclusive and respectful.

Elements of Research paper - February 26, 2024

1. How to choose right topic for your research? 2. What are the functions of an abstract and
introduction? 3. Write introduction to the following topic: Impact of COVID-19 on technical institutes
in Andhra Pradesh. 4. Prepare an abstract to the following topic: Impact of COVID-19 on technical
institutes in Andhra Pradesh 5. What is the purpose of writing key words in a research article?
6.What are the basic elements of writing an abstract? 7.What are the three main purposes of
literature review? 8. What is the purpose of reference section at the end of the article? 9.What are
the basic elements that come in the reference list. 10.Which section of the research article more
concerned with plagiarism?

1. How to choose the right topic for your research:

• Choose a topic that interests you.

• Select a topic that is neither too broad nor too narrow.

• Opt for a recent topic with scope for further research.

• Explore a variety of materials to help in choosing the topic.

2. Functions of an abstract and introduction:

• Abstract: Provides a comprehensive outline of the research paper, including its aim,
objective, and methods, allowing readers to quickly grasp the paper's content.

• Introduction: Provides background information on the research topic, setting the

context for the study and providing exposure to the subject.

3. Introduction to the topic: Impact of COVID-19 on technical institutes in Andhra Pradesh:

• The outbreak of COVID-19 has had profound implications across various sectors,
including education. In Andhra Pradesh, technical institutes have faced unique
challenges in adapting to the new normal imposed by the pandemic. This study aims
to delve into the specific impacts of COVID-19 on technical institutes in Andhra
Pradesh, analyzing the challenges faced, strategies employed, and potential long-
term implications for the education system.

4. Abstract for the topic: Impact of COVID-19 on technical institutes in Andhra Pradesh:

• This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on technical institutes
in Andhra Pradesh. Through a comprehensive analysis, it explores the challenges
faced by these institutes, the strategies implemented to mitigate the effects of the
pandemic, and the potential long-term implications for the education sector in the
region. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the repercussions of
COVID-19 on technical education and inform future policy and decision-making
processes.

5. Purpose of writing keywords in a research article:

• Keywords help in indexing the article quickly online.

 • They describe the main topic of the research, making it easier for readers to find
relevant articles in searches.

6. Basic elements of writing an abstract:

• Brief overview of the research topic.

• Aim and objective of the study.

• Methodology used.

• Summary of key findings.

• Potential implications or significance of the research.

7. Three main purposes of literature review:

• Identify and analyze existing literature related to the research topic.

• Determine the gaps in current knowledge that the study aims to address.

• Provide a theoretical framework or context for the research.

8. Purpose of reference section at the end of the article:

• Acknowledge and credit the sources used in the research.

• Ensure transparency and integrity by avoiding plagiarism.

• Provide evidence to support the ideas presented in the paper.

9. Basic elements that come in the reference list:

• Author's name

• Title of the article/book

• Name of the journal/publisher

• Volume/issue number (for journals)

• Date of publication

• Page numbers

10. Section of the research article more concerned with plagiarism: The reference section at
the end of the article is more concerned with plagiarism, as it ensures proper citation and
attribution of sources to avoid any accusations of academic dishonesty.
 What is paraphrasing? - February 28, 2024
1. What is paraphrasing ? Explain the benefits of paraphrasing. 2. What is plagiarism and how to
avoid plagiarism by means of quoting and paraphrasing?

1. What is paraphrasing? Explain the benefits of paraphrasing:

• Paraphrasing is the act of restating someone else's ideas in your own words without
altering the original meaning. It involves restructuring the text while retaining the
core message.

• Benefits of paraphrasing:

• Develops writing ability: Paraphrasing helps writers develop their skills in

expressing ideas in a clear and coherent manner.

• Promotes deeper understanding: By paraphrasing, individuals engage more

deeply with the original text, enhancing their comprehension of the
material.

• Avoids plagiarism: Paraphrasing allows writers to incorporate information

from other sources while avoiding direct copying, thereby preventing
plagiarism.

• Alternative to direct quotes: Paraphrasing provides an alternative to using

direct quotes, allowing writers to integrate information smoothly into their
own writing.

• Develops vocabulary: Paraphrasing requires writers to use different words

and expressions, thereby expanding their vocabulary and linguistic
repertoire.

2. What is plagiarism and how to avoid plagiarism by means of quoting and paraphrasing:

• Plagiarism is the act of using someone else's work, ideas, or words without proper
attribution, passing them off as one's own.

• Avoiding plagiarism by quoting: When using direct quotes from a source, writers
must enclose the text in quotation marks and provide a citation indicating the source
of the quote. This ensures that the original author receives credit for their work.

• Avoiding plagiarism by paraphrasing: Instead of directly quoting the text, writers

can paraphrase the original ideas in their own words. However, it is essential to
provide proper citation to acknowledge the original author and avoid plagiarism.
paraphrasing involves restructuring the text while retaining the essence of the
original message, ensuring that the writer's voice is maintained while incorporating
external information.
 Presentation skills & Public Speaking Skills – March 4,2024
1. Explain different types of presentations. 2. What are the dos and don’ts in presentations? 3. Write
a note on planning-preparation and presentation. 4. Write a note on the role of body language in
presentation. 5. Briefly explain the things to be considered during practice. 6. Explain the benefits of
effective presentation/public speaking skills.

1. Different types of presentations:

• Informative presentation: Aimed at sharing knowledge on a particular topic,

increasing the audience's understanding. Often structured logically or
chronologically, such as academic or research presentations.

• Persuasive presentation: Intended to convince the audience of a particular point of

view, aiming to influence beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. Common in
advertisements, newspaper columns, and book reviews.

• Demonstrative presentation: Explains how to do something or how something

works, providing specific directions and orders. Examples include demonstrations on
operating appliances like washing machines or mobile phones.

• Motivational presentation: Meant to inspire and induce change in the audience's

life, whether personal or professional. Focuses on delivering a message with passion
and energy to create a deep impact on the audience.

2. Dos and don'ts in presentations:

• Dos:

• Define clear objectives for your presentation.

• Choose an appropriate and interesting topic.

• Structure your presentation logically, from introduction to conclusion.

• Use visual aids like diagrams and charts effectively.

• Practice and rehearse your presentation beforehand.

• Be punctual and greet the audience warmly.

• Maintain eye contact and positive body language.

• Speak clearly, confidently, and at an appropriate pace.

• Conclude your presentation with a clear message and express gratitude to

the audience.

• Don'ts:

• Don't choose a controversial or overly broad topic.

• Avoid memorizing your speech word for word.

• Don't exceed the allocated time for your presentation.

 • Avoid negative body language like crossing arms or looking down at notes
excessively.

• Don't read directly from slides or notes during the presentation.

3. Note on planning, preparation, and presentation:

• Planning: Define the objective, choose an appropriate topic, select an effective title,
collect material from various sources, and structure the presentation logically.

• Preparation: Start preparing at least a week in advance, practice your presentation

multiple times focusing on spontaneity, articulation, and time limit, and rehearse
using technology and visual aids.

• Presentation: Be punctual and professional, greet the audience warmly, establish

eye contact, speak loudly and clearly, maintain time sense, avoid memorization, use
positive body language, and conclude with a clear message and gratitude to the
audience.

4. Role of body language in presentation:

• Body language plays a crucial role in conveying confidence, credibility, and

engagement during a presentation.

• Positive body language includes maintaining eye contact, smiling, using open
gestures, standing tall, and moving naturally.

• Negative body language such as crossing arms, avoiding eye contact, or fidgeting can
undermine the effectiveness of the presentation and disconnect the speaker from
the audience.

5. Things to be considered during practice:

• Practice for spontaneity, articulation, and time limit.

• Rehearse in front of a mirror or a group of friends for feedback.

• Use visual aids and speaker notes to associate key points without memorization.

• Practice speaking loudly, clearly, and slowly, using pauses effectively.

• Avoid trying to cover too much material and focus on delivering a clear and concise
message.

6. Benefits of effective presentation/public speaking skills:

• Enhances career opportunities and confidence levels.

• Demonstrates leadership and professionalism.

• Influences, convinces, and motivates audiences.

• Plays a crucial role in teaching, business, sales, and training.

• Helps in representing oneself and one's organization effectively.

• Supports personal and professional development and decision-making processes.

 Non-Verbal Communication(body language) – March 6,2024
1. Explain different types of non-verbal communication. 2.Explain the significance of non-verbal
communication.

1. Different types of non-verbal communication:

• Kinesics: Study of body movements including postures and gestures.

• Oculesics: Study of eye gaze and eye behavior.

• Facial expressions: Conveying emotions through expressions on the face.

• Haptics: Study of touch and its communication.

• Proxemics: Study of interpersonal space and its communication.

• Chronemics: Study of the use of time in communication.

• Paralanguage: Study of voice, tone, and silence in communication.

2. Significance of non-verbal communication:

• Impactful communication: Non-verbal cues often carry more weight than verbal
communication, with studies suggesting that body language accounts for 93% of the
impact on the audience compared to only 7% from verbal communication.

• Expression of emotions: Non-verbal cues such as facial expressions, gestures, and

tone of voice allow individuals to express emotions and attitudes effectively.

• Building rapport: Non-verbal cues like maintaining eye contact, open gestures, and
appropriate proxemics help in building trust and rapport with others during
communication.

• Understanding cultural nuances: Non-verbal communication varies across cultures,

and understanding these nuances helps in effective cross-cultural communication.

• Enhanced comprehension: Non-verbal cues complement verbal communication,

aiding in better understanding and interpretation of messages.

• Non-verbal cues in deception detection: Oculesics, facial expressions, and body

language play a crucial role in detecting deception and understanding the
truthfulness of communication.

• Conveying confidence: Positive body language, including gestures, eye contact, and
posture, conveys confidence, authority, and credibility in communication situations.

Non-verbal communication is integral to effective communication as it enriches the message, adds

layers of meaning, and enhances the overall impact of communication interactions.