Synopsis KinzaAbbasiFall2024

COMSATS University Islamabad
Islamabad Campus
Synopsis for the degree of * M.S./M.Phil. Ph.D.
PART-1 (to be completed by the student)
Name of Student Kinza Abbasi
Department Physics
Registration No. CIIT/FA23-RPH-037/ISB
Name of (i) Research Supervisor Dr. Sajid Hussain Alvi

(ii) Co – Supervisor
Members of Supervisory Committee (Applicable for PhD students only)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Title of Research Proposal Reflection and Transmission of Electromagnetic
Waves at Right-Handed and Left-Handed Media
Boundary
Summary of the Research Proposal: Metamaterials are man-made structures having

unique properties not found in naturally occurring media. These are formed by combining
thin wire (TW) and split-ring resonator (SRR) structures. The permittivity of TW and
permeability of SRR structures become negative simultaneously when electromagnetic
waves in the radio frequency (GHz) range pass through them. The refractive index of
combined structures becomes negative in this frequency range; hence this combined
structure is termed as Metamaterials. Another astonishing property of Metamaterials is
that direction of wave and power (Poynting vector) propagation are opposite to each
other as compared to naturally occurring materials; satisfying left-hand rule. That is why
Metamaterials are termed as left-hand materials. Boundary conditions help us to
understand the reflection and transmission characteristics of electromagnetic waves at the
interface of two different media boundary (both media having different permittivity,
permeability, and conductivity), generally known as right-handed media. The literature is
enriched with such type of analysis. However, the analysis of reflection and transmission
of electromagnetic waves at right-handed and left-handed media boundary is missing. To
bridge this gap, the proposed work is aimed to present this analysis to have insight of the
considered system. Mathematical expressions for reflection and transmission will be
derived and then simulated in MATLAB/Python to fully understand the behavior of
electromagnetic waves for the considered scenario.
Introduction
It is proposed in [1] that if permittivity and permeability of a medium is complex, then real
part of permittivity and permeability can be negative. Then it is professed that such medium
will have some unique properties such as negative refractive index etc. This was theoretical
interpretation of complex permittivity and permeability of any medium. Interestingly, there
were no media reported in scientific community having simultaneously negative
permittivity and permeability at that time. Later in 1996, [2] proposed periodic structures,
named as thin-wire (TW) structures having negative permittivity when electromagnetic
waves in Giga Hertz (GHz) frequency band pass through them. This was first major
development after [1]. This work open doors for further developments in this field. In
continuation of [2], split-ring resonator (SRR) structures was proposed and developed by
[3] in 1999. SRR structures exhibit negative permeability values when operated in radio
frequency band in GHz. The works in [2] and [3] fulfil the idea of [1]. A complete
realization of [1] was presented in [4] in 2000. The work in [4] proposed a composite
medium formed by combining TW and SRR structures. It was then explained that the
composite medium is when exposed to electromagnetic waves in the GHz frequency range,
then there is a frequency band where the permittivity and permeability of two structures
become negative. Consequently, negative refractive index of the proposed medium results
in the said frequency band. Another development was the direction of propagation of wave
and power (Poynting vector) were opposite to each other, thus the composite medium is
termed as left-hand medium as it follows left-hand rule. Moreover, well-known phenomena
such as Doppler effect, Cherenkov radiation and Snell’s law reversed. These properties of
the composite medium made it magical material. This work motivated the research
community to further explore this left-handed medium named as Metamaterials.
Metamaterials have recently attracted a lot of attention as a unique study field, because of
their extraordinary features that are not possible to be exist in common materials. It’s
characteristics like negative permeability, permittivity, and refractive index across a
specific range of frequencies of the incident electromagnetic waves, are controlled by their
physical structure (exact size, geometry, shape, alignment, and arrangement) or designed
meta-atoms.
For these properties, Metamaterials must satisfy the effective homogeneity condition, i.e.,
average cell size of the structure should be less than one by four of the guided wavelength
[5]. A transmission line modelling approach was proposed in [5] for analysis of
Metamaterials. Theoretically speaking, it’s a good method for analyzing the properties of
these materials.
Simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability of Metamaterials made it
interesting from research point of view. Metamaterials have been investigated in the
literature with great details. Metamaterials have wide applications in science and industry.
Metamaterials absorber have been used as glucose sensors in food industry [6]. Perfect
optical Metamaterial absorbers taking into account the intrinsic loss and suitable design of
structure obtain absorption at a given wavelength. This glucose sensor is a great tool for
the food industry. Recently, a biomedical sensor based on Tera Hertz (THz) Metamaterial
absorber is proposed to detect cancer cells [7]. The proposed Metamaterials absorber can
achieve absorption of 99% at 3.71 THz with a high-quality Q-factor. The working of the
proposed model explained in such a way that resonance frequency shifts the refractive
index of the considered medium. The amount of shift determines the presence of cancerous
cells. These examples of Metamaterials applications signify the importance Metamaterials
and invite the research community to investigate them thoroughly.
Statement of the Problem
Metamaterials are artificially synthesized structures which show simultaneously negative

permittivity and permeability; and as a result, negative refractive index when operated in
GHz frequency band. The applications of Metamaterials in various fields made them
interesting from the point of view of research. This research work is an attempt to explore
the new dimensions of Metamaterials. The proposed work aimed to analyze the
electromagnetic boundary conditions considering the first medium as a right-handed and
the second medium as a left-handed medium. This work encompasses the electromagnetic
boundary conditions for normal as well as oblique incidence. The analysis of boundary
conditions at oblique incidence is more general. Moreover, the angle of refraction at
RH/LH media boundary is negative compared to RH/RH media boundary. Hence oblique
incidence analysis provides great information about the reflection and transmission
coefficients. For this, an expression of intrinsic impedance of the two media is derived.
Then making use of the intrinsic impedance, the expressions of reflection and transmission
coefficients of electromagnetic waves are derived. The derived analytical expressions will
be simulated in MATLAB/PYTHON to have insight of the considered scenario.
Research Methodology
Our analysis starts with the understanding of constituent structures of Metamaterials, i.e.,
TW and SRR structures. Understanding the geometry and orientation of the two structures
will help us understand the behavior of Metamaterials. For this purpose, an expression of
intrinsic impedance for the Metamaterials using the equations of the permittivity of TW
and permeability of SRR structures will be derived. This expression is advantageous to
derive in a sense that is will be used in the upcoming analysis.
For the analysis of electromagnetic boundary conditions, an interface of right-handed
(naturally occurring material) and left-handed medium is assumed. Analytical expressions
for the reflections and transmission coefficients at normal incidence will be derived. To
have insight of the results, the derived expressions will be simulated in
MATLAB/PYTHON. The deeper understanding of the considered scenario can be attained
by deriving the reflections and transmission coefficients of electromagnetic waves at
oblique incidence. This analysis is more important as refraction angle RH/LH media
boundary is negative compared to RH/RH media boundary. The simulation results of the
considered scenario predict well the behavior of electromagnetic waves in the left-handed
medium which is the main essence of this research.
Bibliography
[1] V. G. Veselago, "The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously

negative vlues of ε and μ,"SOVIET PHYSICS USPEKHI, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 509-
514, 1967.
[2] J. B. Pendy, A. J. Holden, W. J. Stewart and I Youngs, "Extremely low
frequency plasmons in metallic mesostructures," PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
, vol. 76, no. 25, pp. 4773-4776, June 1996.
[3] J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins and W. J. Stewart, "Magnetism from
Conductors and Enhanced Non linear Phenomena," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2075-2083,
1999.
[4] D. R. Smith, W. J Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. N. Nasser and S Schultz, "Composite
medium with simultaneous ly negative permittivity and permeablity,"
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS , vol. 84, no. 8, pp. 4184-4187, May, 2000.
[5] C. Caloz and T. Itoh, " Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Trasmission line theory
and microwave applications," JOHN WILEY AND SONS, New Jersey, USA,
2006.
[6] Z. Vafapour, "Polarization-Independent perfect optical Metamaterial absorber as
a glucose sensor in food industry applications," IEEE TRANSACTIONS IN
NANOBIOSCIENCES, vol. 18, no. 4 , pp. 622-627, October 2019.
[7] S. Banerjee, P. Dutta, A. V. Jha, B. Apasani and M. S. Khan, "A biomedical
sensor for detection of cancer cells based on Tera Hertz Metamaterial Absober,"
IEEE SENSORS LETTERS, vol. 06, no. 06, pp. 1-4, June, 2022.
Tentative Time Table
No. Activity Duration
1 Literature review 1-4 months

2 Theoretical work 3-8 months
3 Results and discussion 6-10 months
4 Thesis writing 10-12 months
PART II
Signature by the Student:
Name Kinza Abbasi Signature _______________ Date 09-09-2024
Recommendation by the Research Supervisor
Name Dr. Sajid Hussain Alvi Signature ___________________ Date_______________
Signed by Supervisory Committee (Applicable for PhD students only)
S. # Name of Committee Member Designation Signature and Date

1
2
3
4
Approved by Departmental Advisory Committee
Certified that the synopsis has been seen by members of DAC and considered it suitable for
putting up to BASAR.
Secretary
Departmental Advisory Committee
Name: _______________________ ___________Signature: __________________________
Date: ________________________
Chairman/HoD ____________________________________
Signature: ______________________________
Date ______________________________
PART III
Dean, Faculty of Sciences
________________ Approved for placement before BASAR.
________________ Not Approved on the basis of following reasons
Signature ______________________________ Date ________________
Secretary BASAR
________________ Approved from BASAR.
________________ Not Approved on the basis of the following reasons
Signature ______________________________ Date ________________

Dean Faculty of Sciences
Remarks:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Signature: _____________________________ Date______________________
APO Dean Faculty of Sciences

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COMSATS University Islamabad

Synopsis for the degree of * M.S./M.Phil. Ph.D.

PART-1 (to be completed by the student)

Name of Student Kinza Abbasi

Registration No. CIIT/FA23-RPH-037/ISB

Name of (i) Research Supervisor Dr. Sajid Hussain Alvi

Summary of the Research Proposal: Metamaterials are man-made structures having

Metamaterials are artificially synthesized structures which show simultaneously negative

[1] V. G. Veselago, "The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously

Tentative Time Table

No. Activity Duration

1 Literature review 1-4 months

Signature by the Student:

Name Kinza Abbasi Signature _______________ Date 09-09-2024

Recommendation by the Research Supervisor

Name Dr. Sajid Hussain Alvi Signature ___________________ Date_______________

Signed by Supervisory Committee (Applicable for PhD students only)

S. # Name of Committee Member Designation Signature and Date

Approved by Departmental Advisory Committee

Name: _______________________ ___________Signature: __________________________

Dean, Faculty of Sciences

________________ Approved for placement before BASAR.

________________ Not Approved on the basis of following reasons

Signature ______________________________ Date ________________

________________ Approved from BASAR.

________________ Not Approved on the basis of the following reasons

Signature ______________________________ Date ________________

Signature: _____________________________ Date______________________

APO Dean Faculty of Sciences

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Name Dr. Sajid Hussain Alvi Signature _____ Date_

Name: _________________ _Signature: ______________________

Signature ______________ Date

Signature ______________ Date

Signature: _______ Date