Local Media7519224990232746656
Local Media7519224990232746656
Local Media7519224990232746656
T E
CO
N GENERAL
DEFINITIO THEORIES
N
ACID CHARACTERISTI
AND CS
CLASSIFICATIO
BASE N
DEFINITION
INDICATOR &
MEASURING TOOLS pH
DISSOCIATION
CONSTANT
Measure of
pH Acidity
CALCULATIO
Acid AND BASE
Ionic Compounds - a BASE
compound WITH a
positive/negative charge Ionic Compounds that
that break apart in water break apart to form a
to form a hydrogen ion negatively charged
(H+). hydroxide ion (OH-) in
Strength proportional to water.
concentration of H+ ions in Strength proportional to
the solution. concentration of hydroxide
ions (OH-).
Solutions containing bases
are often called alkaline.
ACIDS
ACID & BASE
THEORIES
BRONSTED-
LOWRY
LEWIS
THEORIES
• A reaction between
an acid and a base is
called neutralization.
An acid-base
mixture is not as
acidic or basic as the
individual starting
solutions.
NEUTRALIZATION-
ACID+BASE SALT and WATER
TITRATION – progressive addition of a solution of
known concentration to a substance of unknown
concentration.
-is used to determine the concentration of acid/base
by adding base/acid of known concentration (titrant)
TITRATION
INDICATOR:
The final point is indicated either by the physical
change in the reaction or by the addition of auxiliary
reagent is known as an indicator.
The neutralization point is the amount of titrant added
where there is nothing in the solution but salt.
TITRATION
The neutralization reaction is complete.
The end point is that the amount of titrant added
where the indicator (such as phenolphthalein) changes
color. If that corresponds to the neutralization point,
and it usually (but not always) does, then the two
terms are one and the same.
TITRATION
What is pH?
(Potential hydrogen)
pH is a measure of how basic or acidic a
substance is. pH has a range of 0-14. A pH
greater than 7 means the substance is basic. A
pH less than 7 means the substance is acidic.
When the pH is exactly 7 that indicates that the
substance is neutral.
What is the pH scale?
The pH scale starts from the number 0 and ends at the number 14. These numbers
allow the classification of substances based on their pH; the most acidic substances
will be close to 0, while the most basic or alkaline substances will be close to 14.
The lower the pH, the more H+ ions will be present and the stronger the acid. The
most basic or alkaline substances will have a classification between 7 and 14.
What is pH?
An acidic substance is anything that will give up
a proton. A basic substance will accept a proton.
The pH formula is:
pH = -log ([H+])
pH
pH = -log ([H+])