Scour Depth and Bearing Pressure Calculation

Hindon Bridge at Greater Noida Abutment and Abutment Well
SCOUR DEPTH AND BEARING PRESSURE CALCULATION
The calculatioin presented here are for scour depth and bearing pressure calculation.
References have been made to IRC-78,2000 for these calculations.
Calculation of maximum scour level
High flood level = 202.452 m
Design discharge, Q = 4000 cum/sec
Lacey's wetted perimeter = 303.58 m

4.8*(sqrt(Q)
Linear waterway assumed = 200 m
Db = 20 m^2
discharge/ width
Ksf(silt factor) = 0.9
Mean scour depth, dsm = 10.21 m

1.34*(Db^2/Ksf)^1/3
Modified scour due to

restriction d' = 13.16 m
(d'=dsm(W/L)^0.61
Mean scour level = 189.29 m
Max scour depth = 16.72 m

(1.27*dsm)
As per provisions of IRC 78 minimum grip length required is 1/3 of the scour depth
Heighest Founding level in case of abutment

= 180.16 m
PROPOSED FOUNDING LEVEL

= 175.0 m
for abutment with proper protection works
Maximum scour level = bottom of well cap level

thus Max scour level = 194.5 m
Depth of foundation = 27.5 m
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Bearing pressure calculation
Reference is made to Sub-soil investigation report for the project and here a calculation
is presented for bearing pressure calculation based on the report
Net safe bearing capacity as per the report= 40 t/m^2
Depth of soil upto founding level from = 19.50 m
Density of soil = 2 t/m^3
Overburden due to soil = 39.0 t/m^2
Safe bearing pressure at founding Level

Normal case = 79 t/m2
Seismic Case = 99 t/m2
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BASIC DESIGN DATA

ON ABUTMENT
Total dead load reaction = 660.000 t
Total sidl reaction = 123.000 t
Transverse moment due to SIDL = 65.000 t-m
Reactions due to Live load

(In case of maximum live load reaction case)
Max Live load reaction

at abutment = 210.000 t
Corresponding transverse
moment on the abutment = 261.000 t-m
reaction at free end = 50 t
Horizontal force calculation
Normal case
Braking Force = 28.3
Force due to friction at free end = mu * = 41.65 t

=
Net force on fixed end = 55.8 t
Seismic case
seismic long force from superstr. = 281.9 t

braking force = 14.2 t ( 50% LL)
Total hz force in Seismic case = 296.0 t
Force due to friction at abutment = mu * R
Net max force on Abutment = 254.4 t
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0.350
2.875
207.500
3.565 1
2.425
4a
0.250
2c 203.935
0.300 2a
0.300 2b 2d
1.625
0.300
4b
0.500
6.335
3a 3b
1.500
197.000
4.000 1.000 7.000
5.500
radius of well
1.000
Density of concrete = 2.400 t/m3

Total width of Abutment = 18.715 m
Width of Return wall 2 No.s x 0.800 = 1.600 m
Dry Density of Soil = 2.000 t/m3
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CALCULATION OF RELEIF DUE TO ECCENTRICITY OF ABUTMENT @ CL OF WELL FOUNDATON
Due to Structural components
Length Width Height Weight Moment

Element Area C.G. @ CL
Component @ CL Well
No. Factor (m) (m) (m) (t) Well (m)
(tm)
1 Dirt Wall 1 0.350 18.715 3.565 56.04 3.450 193.35
2a 1 2.425 18.715 0.300 32.68 2.413 78.83
2b Abutment 0.5 1.625 18.715 0.300 10.95 3.083 33.76
2c Cap 1 0.500 18.715 0.300 6.74 1.750 11.79
2d 0.5 0.300 18.715 0.300 2.02 1.600 3.23
3a 0.5 0.500 18.715 6.335 71.14 2.167 154.13
Stem Wall
3b 1 0.500 18.715 6.335 142.27 1.750 248.98
4a Return Wall 1 3.225 1.600 3.565 44.15 5.063 223.50
4b (2Nos. X 0.50) 1 5.000 1.600 6.935 133.15 4.500 599.18
TOTAL 499.14 1546.76
Due to Earth filling
Length Width Height Weight Moment

Area C.G. @ CL
Component @ CL Well
Factor (m) (m) (m) (t) Well (m)
(tm)
Earth behind Dirt Wall
up to bottom of 1 2.875 17.115 4.165 409.88 5.063 2075.03
Abutment cap
Earth behind Stem 1 4.000 17.115 6.335 867.388 4.500 3903.247
Wall up to top of Well
cap 0.5 0.500 17.115 6.335 54.212 2.333 126.494
TOTAL 1331.48 6104.77
Total weight due to self weight of abutment = 1830.62 t

Total moment @ CL of Well due to self weight of abutment = 7651.53 tm
Due to Live Load Surcharge
Live load surcharge equivalent of 1.2m height of earth fill is applied over entire width of abutment
(As per cl. 710.4.4 of IRC:78 -2000)
Length over which Live load surcharge acts = 2.875 m

Weight of surcharge earth fill = 129.13 m
CG @ CL of Well = 5.063 m
Moment @ CL Well = 653.74
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Due to Well cap
Plan area of Well cap = 182.14 sqm (FROM AUTOCAD)

Thickness of Well cap = 2.500 m
Weight of Well cap = 1092.81 t
Eccentricity of Well cap @ CL of Well = -0.270 m (FROM AUTOCAD)
Moment @ CL of Well = -295.06 tm
Height of water over well cap = = 5.452m

Thickness of Abutment stem at bottom = 1.000m.
Thickness of Abutment stem at top = 0.500m.
Height in which the variation occurs = 6.335m.
Thickness of Abutment stem at hfl level = 0.570m.
Area of water over Well cap = 144.09 sqm
Height of water over Well cap (HFL Case only) = 5.452 m

Weight of water over Well cap = 785.57 t
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Hinden Bridge at Greater Noida Abutment Abutment Well
DESIGN OF WELL FOUNDATION FOR ABUTMENT
seismic- seismic-
LOADING CASE long trans
C/C DISTANCE OF PIERS m 40.000 40
WIDTH OF Deck m 18.715 18.715
WIDTH OF ABUTMENT m 18.715 18.715
FORMATION LEVEL m 207.500 207.5
BEARING LEVEL m 204.435 204.435
GROUND/BED LEVEL m 197.00 197
TOP OF WELL CAP LEVEL m 197.000 197
FOUNDING LEVEL m 175.000 175
HIGHEST FLOOD LEVEL m 202.452 202.452
LOWEST WATER LEVEL m 197.000 197
MAXIMUM SCOUR LEVEL (near abutment) (HFL CASE) m 194.500 194.5
MAXIMUM SCOUR LEVEL (near abutment) (LWL CASE) m 194.500 194.5
BEARING CAPACITY AT R.L. 175 m t/m2 98.750 98.750
BEARING CAPACITY AT FOUNDING LEVEL i.e.R.L. m t/m2 98.750 98.750
WELL DIMENSIONS
DIAMETER OF WELL m 11.000 11.000
WELL CAP THICKNESS m 2.500 2.500
PROJECTION OF CURB OUTSIDE STEINING m 0.075 0.075
OTHER INPUTS
EARTH DENSITY t/m3 2.0 2.0
SATURATED EARTH DENSITY t/m3 2.0 2.0
SUBMERGED EARTH DENSITY t/m3 1.0 1.0
ANGLE OF REPOSE, f deg. 30 30
ANGLE OF REPOSE (IN RADIANS) 0.524 0.524
ANGLE OF WALL FRICTION, d deg. 20 20
ANGLE OF WALL FRICTION (IN RADIANS) 0.349 0.349
COEFFICIENT OF ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE, Ka 0.297 0.297
COEFFICIENT OF PASSIVE EARTH PRESSURE, Kp 6.105 6.105
DENSITY OF SAND FILL INSIDE THE WELL t/m3 2 2
DENSITY OF CONC. IN STEINING t/m3 2.4 2.4
HORIZONTAL SEISMIC COEFFICIENT, ah 0.18 0.18
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LOADINGS & FORCES
LOADS FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE
DISTANCE OF C/L OF WELL TO C/L OF BEARING m -1.75 -1.75
DEAD LOADS REACTION FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE t 783 783
LIVE LOAD REACTION t 105 105
FOOTPATH LIVE LOAD REACTION t 0 0
TOTAL LIVE LOAD REACTION t 105 105
LONGITUDINAL FORCE (SEISMIC CASE) t 254.38 55.80
TRANSVERSE FORCE (SEISMIC CASE) 0 140.94
LONGITUDINAL FORCE NO LIVE LOAD CASE t 226.08 39.15
TRANSVERSE ECCENTRICITY OF LIVE LOAD m 1.243 1.243

LONGI. MOMENT ABOUT C/L OF WELL (DEAD LOADS) t-m -1370 -1370
LONGI. MOMENT ABOUT C/L OF WELL (LIVE LOAD) t-m -368 -368
LONG. MOMENT DUE TO HORIZONTAL FORCE at found lvl.(SEIS CASE) t-m 7488 1642
TRANS. MOMENT DUE TO HORIZONTAL FORCE at found lvl.(SEIS CASE) 0 4149
LONG. MOMENT DUE TO HORIZONTAL FORCE (NO LIVE LOAD CONDITION) t-m 6655 1152
TRANSVERSE MOMENT DUE TO LIVE LOAD ECCENTRICITY t-m 131 131

TRANSVERSE MOMENT DUE TO SIDL t-m 65 65
LOADS FROM SUBSTRUCTURE

VERTICAL LOAD ON WELL DUE TO SELF WT. OF ABUTMENT t 1831 1831
LONGITUDINAL MOMENT ABOUT C/L OF WELL t-m -7652 -7652
VERTICAL LOAD DUE TO LIVE LOAD SURCHARGE ON ABUTMENT t 65 65
LEVER ARM FROM C/L OF WELL m -5.06 -5.06
MOMENT ABOUT C/L OF WELL m -654 -654
WEIGHT OF WELL CAP t 1093 1093
DISTANCE OF C.G. OF WELL CAP FROM C/L OF WELL m -0.27 -0.27
WT. OF WATER OVER WELL CAP (HFL CASE ONLY) t 786 786
SEISMIC FORCE ON ABUTMENT t 330 330
MOMENT AT FOUNDING LEVEL tm 8979 8474
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WELL CALCULATIONS
HEIGHT OF WELL m 22.00 22.00
SINKING DEPTH m 22.00 22.00
STEINING THICKNESS REQUIRED m 1.55 1.55
STEINING THICKNESS PROVIDED m 1.60 1.60
HEIGHT OF CURB m 3.20 3.20
DEAD LOAD OF WELL CALCULATIONS
OUTSIDE AREA OF WELL m2 95.03 95.03
INSIDE AREA OF WELL m2 47.78 47.78
AREA OF STEINING m2 47.25 47.25
AREA OF WELL AT BASE m2 97.64 97.64
WEIGHT OF STEINING t 1848 1848
IF COMPLETELY FILLED BY SAND, ENTER 1 Otherwise ENTER 2 2.00 2.00
THICKNESS OF TOP PLUG m 0.30 0.30
WEIGHT OF TOP PLUG t 31.54 31.54
WEIGHT OF SAND FILLING (i.e. upto M.S.L. ) t 1500 1500
WEIGHT OF WATER INSIDE STEINING (above M.S.L.) t 0.00 0.00
WEIGHT OF CURB t 222 222
BOTTOM PLUG (P.C.C.)
WT. OF TOP 0.6 mt. THICK PORTION t 63 63
WT. OF TRAP. PORTION t 455 455
TOTAL WEIGHT OF BOTTOM PLUG t 518 518
WT. OF EARTH/WATER ON CURB PROJECTION 0 0
H.F.L CASE t 106 106
L.W.L CASE t 92 92
TOTAL DEAD LOAD OF WELL (HFL CASE) t 6104 6104
TOTAL DEAD LOAD OF WELL (LWL CASE) t 5304 5304
BUOYANCY (HFL CASE) t 2680 2680
BUOYANCY (LWL CASE) t 2148 2148
NET DOWNWARD LOAD OF WELL (HFL CASE) t 3423 3423
NET DOWNWARD LOAD OF WELL (LWL CASE) t 3156 3156
MOMENT DUE TO TILT AND SHIFT

TILT ( 1 IN 80) m 0.28 0.28
SHIFT (0.15 m) m 0.15 0.15
W1=NET DOWNWARD LOAD ON TOP OF WELL t 2953 1831
MOMENT ABOUT C/L OF WELL (DUE TO W1) t-m 1255 778
W2=NET DOWNWARD LOAD OF WELL t 3423 3423
MOMENT ABOUT C.L. OF WELL (DUE TO W2) t-m 471 471
TOTAL MOMENT DUE TO TILT & SHIFT t-m 1726 1249
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EXTERNAL FORCE DUE TO ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE IN L.W.L. CASE
HEIGHT OF FORMATION LEVEL ABOVE WELL CAP LEVEL, h 1 m 10.50 10.50
DEPTH OF M.S.L. FROM WELL CAP, h2 m 2.50 2.50
DEPTH OF FOUNDING LEVEL FROM M.S.L., h3 m 19.50 19.50
PRESSURE INTENSITIES (ABOVE MSL)
ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON ABUTMENT, PA1 = PA4 = Kagdh1cosd t/m2 5.86 5.86
EQUIVALENT HEIGHT OF EARTHFILL FOR LL SURCHARGE m 1.20 0.00
SURCHARGE EARTH PRESSURE, PA2 = PA5 = Ka q cosd t/m2 0.67 0.67
ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE FROM WELL CAP TO MSL,
PA3 = PA6 = Ka gsub h2 cosd t/m 2
0.70 0.70
MOMENTS AT FOUNDING LEVEL DUE TO
ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON ABUTMENT MA1 DUE TO PRESSURE PA1 = t-m 15208 15208
SURCHARGE EARTH PRESSURE ON ABUTMENT DUE TO PRESS. PA2 MA2 = t-m 3587 3587
MA3 (active pressure moment on 11.0 m width of well cap & well steining) = t-m 195 195
MA3 (active pressure moment on remaining width of well cap) = t-m 137 137
MA4 (active pressure moment on 18.715 m wide well cap) = t-m 5690 5690
MA4 (active pressure moment on dia of well) = t-m 12257 12257
MA5 (surcharge pressure moment on 18.715 m width of well cap) = t-m 650 650
MA5 (surcharge pressure moment on dia of well) = t-m 1401 1401
MA6 = t-m 1459 1459
TOTAL EXTERNAL E.P. MOMENT (MA1 TO MA6) t-m 40584 40584
EXTERNAL FORCE DUE TO ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE IN H.F.L. CASE

DISTANCE OF FORMATION LVL. ABOVE H.F.L., h0 m 5.05 5.05
DISTANCE OF H.F.L. ABOVE BOTTOM OF WELL CAP, h1 m 7.95 7.95
DEPTH OF M.S.L. BELOW BOTTOM OF WELL CAP, h2 m 0.00 0.00
DEPTH OF FOUNDING LEVEL FROM M.S.L., h3 m 19.50 19.50
PRESSURE INTENSITIES (ABOVE MSL) 0.00 0.00
DRY ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE on abutment, Pa1, Pa2, Pa3 = Kagdh0cosd t/m2 2.82 2.82
SUB. ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE on abutment, Pa4, Pa5, = Kagsubh1cosd t/m2 2.22 2.22
SURCHARGE EARTH PRESSURE, Pa6, Pa7 = Ka q cosd t/m2 0.67 0.00
ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE FROM BOTTOM OF WELL CAP TO MSL,
Pa8, Pa9 = Ka gsub h2 cosd t/m2 0.00 0.00
DRY ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON ABUTMENT MA1 = t-m 3936 3936
ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON ABUTMENT MA2 = t-m 9844 9844
ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON WELL MA3 = t-m 5893 5893
SUB. ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON ABUTMENT MA4 = t-m 3658 3658
SURCHARGE EARTH PRESSURE ON ABUTMENT MA6 = t-m 4237 0
SURCHARGE EARTH PRESSURE ON WELL MA7 = t-m 1401 0
SUB. ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON WELL ABOVE MSL MA8 = t-m 0 0
SUB. ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON WELL BELOW MSL MA9 = t-m 0 0
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PASSIVE RELIEF
SEISMIC CONDITION (HFL CASE)

HEIGHT OF M.S.L. FROM FOUNDING LVL. m 19.50 19.50
NET LATERAL PRESSURE INTENSITY
PP8 = (Kp-Ka) gsub h3 cosd = t/m2 106 106
MOMENTS ABOUT FOUNDING LEVEL MP8 = t-m 74192 74192
F. O. S. 1.60 1.60
PASSIVE RELIEF (PR) t-m 46370 46370
SEISMIC CONDITION (LWL CASE)

HEIGHT OF M.S.L. FROM FOUND.LVL. m 19.50 19.50
PRESSURE INTENSITIES PP7= t/m2 106.43 106.43
MOMENTS ABOUT FOUNDING LEVEL MP7 = t-m 74192.10 74192.10
F. O. S. 1.60 1.60
PASSIVE RELIEF (PRS) t-m 46370 46370
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SUMMARY OF LOADS & MOMENTS
AREA AT BASE OF WELL m2 98 98
SECTION MODULUS AT BASE OF WELL m3 136 136
SEISMIC CONDITION - HFL CASE =
DOWNWARD LOAD t 6207 6207
MOMENT IN LONGI. DIRECTION t-m 30760 19277
MOMENT IN TRANS. DIRECTION t-m 196 12818
RESULANT MOMENT, MR (including tilt & shift) t-m 32486 24398
NET MOMENT ( MR - PR) t-m 0 0
MAXIMUM BASE PRESSURE t/m2 64 64
MINIMUM BASE PRESSURE t/m2 64 64
SEISMIC CONDITION - LWL CASE

RESULANT MOMENT (MR) t-m 48734 30300
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM BASE PRESSURE(NORMAL) t/m2 78 64

ABSOLUTE MINIMUM BASE PRESSURE(NORMAL) t/m2 43 61
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CHECK FOR STEINING STRESSES
NORMAL L.W.L. CASE

DEPTH OF THE SECTION BELOW WELL CAP TOP m 14 14
LEVEL OF THE SECTION (WHERE STRESSES ARE TO BE CHECKED) m 183 183
DEPTH OF THE SECTION BELOW M.S.L. m 12 12
LONGITUDINAL FORCE FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE+substr. t 584 385
HORIZ. FORCE DUE TO ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE
HA1 = t 576 576
HA2 = t 132 132
HA4 (on well cap) = t 274 274
HA4 (on well dia) = t 741 741
HA5 (on well cap) = t 31 31
HA5 (on well dia) = t 85 85
HA3 ON 11.0 M WIDTH OF WELL CAP & WELL t 10 10
HA3 ON REMAINING WIDTH OF WELL CAP t 7 7
HA6 = t 88 88
TOTAL EXTERNAL ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE FORCE t 1944 1944
TOTAL HORIZONTAL FORCE t 2528 2329
NET HORIZ. FORCE DUE TO PASSIVE EARTH PRESSURE HP8 = t 4008 4008
TOTAL HORIZONTAL FORCE (PASSIVE E.P.) t 4008 4008
F.O.S. 1.60 1.60
TOTAL HORIZONTAL FORCE DUE TO PASSIVE RESISTANCE (WITH FOS) t 2504.89 2504.89
CHECK WIH GOAL SEEK 22.75 -175.83
MOMENTS AT SECTION DUE TO ACTIVE EARTH PRESSUE 0.00
MA1 = t-m 10633.05 9952.00
MA2 = t-m 2540.97 0.00
MA3 ON 8.5 M WIDTH OF WELL CAP & WELL t-m 118.85 107.50
MA3 ON REMAINING WIDTH OF WELL CAP t-m 86.16 78.20
MA4 (on well cap)= t-m 3511.30 3186.99
MA4 (on well dia) = t-m 4303.85 3467.91
MA5 (on well cap)= t-m 401.29 0.00
MA5 (on well dia) = t-m 491.87 0.00
MA6 = t-m 512.36 412.85
TOTAL ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE MOMENT t-m 22599.70 17205.44
MOMENTS AT SECTION DUE TO PASSIVE RESISTANCE MP7 = t-m 15436.66 11165.26
NET MOMENT DUE TO PASSIVE RESISTANCE (with F.O.S.) t-m 7718.33 5582.63
BRAKING MOMENT t-m 1199.14 0.00
TRANSVERSE MOMENT AT THE SECTION t-m 326.00 0.00
MOMENT DUE TO TILT AND SHIFT t-m 1432.39 1039.86
LONGITUDINAL MOMENT AT THE SECTION t-m 13460.77 9258.85
TOTAL MOMENT AT THE SECTION t-m 14897.10 10298.72
NET MOMENT AT THE SECTION t-m 7178.78 4716.09
TOTAL VERTICAL LOAD t 5355.88 4099.63
BUOYANCY (15%) t 99.61 91.23
NET DOWNWARD LOAD t 5256.26 4008.40
STEINING AREA m2 47.25 47.25
M.O.I. OF STEINING m4 536.99 536.99
SECTION MODULUS m3 97.63 97.63
MAXIMUM STRESS IN STEINING t/m2 184.77 133.14
MINIMUM STRESS IN STEINING t/m2 37.72 36.53
safe in PCC section
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Seismic Condition - H.F.L. CASE
DEPTH OF THE SECTION BELOW WELL CAP TOP m 12.00 11.00
LEVEL OF THE SECTION (WHERE STRESSES ARE TO BE CHECKED) m 185.00 186.00
DEPTH OF THE SECTION BELOW M.S.L. m 10.24 9.00
LONGITUDINAL FORCE FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE t 55.80 0.00
HORIZ. FORCE DUE TO ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE 0.00 0.00
HA1 = t 133.10 133.10
HA2 = t 419.33 419.33
HA3 = t 317.28 279.03
HA4 = t 165.14 165.14
HA5 (on dia of well) = t 249.90 219.77
HA6 = t 162.96 0.00
HA7 = t 75.42 0.00
HA8 = t 0.00 0.00
HA9 = t 0.00 0.00
TOTAL EXTERNAL ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE FORCE t 1523.15 1216.37
TOTAL HORIZONTAL FORCE t 1578.95 1216.37
NET HORIZ. FORCE DUE TO PASSIVE E. P. 0.00 0.00
HP10 = t 3145.59 2432.73
TOTAL HORIZONTAL FORCE (PASSIVE E.P.) t 3145.59 2432.73
F.O.S. 2.00 2.00
HORIZONTAL FORCE of PASSIVE RESISTANCE (WITH FOS) t 1572.79 1216.37
CHECK WIH GOAL SEEK 6.15 0.00
MOMENTS ABOUT CHOSEN SECTION (ACTIVE E.P.) 0.00 0.00
MA1 = t-m 2703.08 2538.79
MA2 = t-m 5959.87 5442.27
MA3 = t-m 1623.98 1255.95
MA4 = t-m 2128.25 1924.40
MA5 = t-m 1279.11 989.24
MA6 = t-m 2727.46 0.00
MA7 = t-m 386.05 0.00
MA8 = t-m 0.00 0.00
MA9 = t-m 0.00 0.00
TOTAL ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE MOMENT t-m 16807.80 12150.65
MOMENTS ABOUT CHOSEN SECTION (PASSIVE E.P.) 0.00 0.00
MP10 = t-m 10733.57 7300.17
TOTAL MOMENT (PASSIVE E.P.) t-m 10733.57 7300.17
TOTAL MOMENT (WITH F.O.S.) t-m 5366.79 3650.08
BRAKING MOMENT t-m 1199.14 0.00
TRANSVERSE MOMENT AT THE SECTION t-m 326.00 0.00
MOMENT DUE TO TILT AND SHIFT t-m 1383.74 1008.52
LONGITUDINAL MOMENT AT THE SECTION t-m 7668.86 4204.06
TOTAL MOMENT AT THE SECTION t-m 9059.52 5212.58
NET MOMENT AT THE SECTION t-m 3692.74 1562.50
TOTAL VERTICAL LOAD t 5991.98 4729.87
BUOYANCY (15%) t 128.91 120.16
NET DOWNWARD LOAD t 5863.06 4609.70
MAXIMUM STRESS IN STEINING t/m2 161.91 113.56
MINIMUM STRESS IN STEINING t/m2 86.27 81.56
safe in PCC section
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QUANTITIES REQUIRED
WELL CAP (CU. M) 455 455
STEINING 840 840
TOP PLUG 14 14
SANDFILL 750 750
BOTTOM PLUG (EXCLUDING SUMP) 235 235
CURB 92 92
CUTTING EDGE ( @ 40 kg/m ) IN TON 1 1
SHUTTERING ( sq. m ) 0 0
WELL CAP 0 0
STEINING 963 963
CURB 239 239
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DESIGN OFWELL FOUNDATION FOR ABUTMENT

Normal span
LOADING CASE Service dislodged
C/C DISTANCE OF PIERS m 40.000 40.000

WIDTH OF Deck m 18.715 18.715
WIDTH OF ABUTMENT m 18.715 18.715
FORMATION LEVEL m 207.500 207.500
BEARING LEVEL m 204.435 204.435
GROUND/BED LEVEL m 197.000 197.000
TOP OF WELL CAP LEVEL m 197.000 197.000
FOUNDING LEVEL m 175.000 175.000
HIGHEST FLOOD LEVEL m 202.452 202.452
LOWEST WATER LEVEL m 197.000 197.000
MAXIMUM SCOUR LEVEL (near abutment) (HFL CASE) m 194.500 194.500
MAXIMUM SCOUR LEVEL (near abutment) (LWL CASE) m 194.500 194.500
BEARING CAPACITY AT R.L. 175 m t/m2 79.000 79.000
BEARING CAPACITY AT FOUNDING LEVEL i.e.R.L. m t/m2 79.000 79.000
WELL DIMENSIONS
DIAMETER OF WELL m 11.000 11.000
WELL CAP THICKNESS m 2.500 2.500
PROJECTION OF CURB OUTSIDE STEINING m 0.075 0.075
OTHER INPUTS
EARTH DENSITY t/m3 2.00 2.00
SATURATED EARTH DENSITY t/m3 2.00 2.00
SUBMERGED EARTH DENSITY t/m3 1.00 1.00
ANGLE OF REPOSE, f deg. 30.0 30.0
ANGLE OF REPOSE (IN RADIANS) 0.524 0.524
ANGLE OF WALL FRICTION, d deg. 20.0 20.0
ANGLE OF WALL FRICTION (IN RADIANS) 0.35 0.35
COEFFICIENT OF ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE, Ka 0.297 0.297
COEFFICIENT OF PASSIVE EARTH PRESSURE, Kp 6.105 6.105
DENSITY OF SAND FILL INSIDE THE WELL t/m3 2.00 2.00
DENSITY OF CONC. IN STEINING t/m3 2.4 2.4
HORIZONTAL SEISMIC COEFFICIENT, ah 0.18 0.18
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Normal span
LOADINGS & FORCES
LOADS FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE
DISTANCE OF C/L OF WELL TO C/L OF BEARING m -1.750 -1.750
DEAD LOADS REACTION FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE t 783 0
LIVE LOAD REACTION t 210 0
FOOTPATH LIVE LOAD REACTION t 0.00 0
TOTAL LIVE LOAD REACTION t 210.0 0
LONGITUDINAL FORCE (NORMAL CONDITION) t 55.80 0
LONGITUDINAL FORCE NO LIVE LOAD t 39.15 0
TRANSVERSE ECCENTRICITY OF LIVE LOAD m 1.243 0
LONGI. MOMENT ABOUT C/L OF WELL (DEAD LOADS) t-m -1370.3 0.0
LONGI. MOMENT ABOUT C/L OF WELL (LIVE LOAD) t-m -367.5 0.0
LONG. MOMENT DUE TO HORIZONTAL FORCE at found lvl.(NORMAL) t-m 1642.5 0
LONG. MOMENT DUE TO HORIZONTAL FORCE (NO LIVE LOAD) t-m 1152.4 0.0
TRANSVERSE MOMENT DUE TO LIVE LOAD ECCENTRICITY t-m 261.0 0.0
TRANSVERSE MOMENT DUE TO SIDL t-m 65.0 0.0
LOADS FROM SUBSTRUCTURE
VERTICAL LOAD ON WELL DUE TO SELF WT. OF ABUTMENT t 1831 1831
VERTICAL LOAD DUE TO LIVE LOAD SURCHARGE ON ABUTMENT t 129 0
LEVER ARM FROM C/L OF WELL m -5 -5
MOMENT ABOUT C/L OF WELL m -654 0
DISTANCE OF C.G. OF WELL CAP FROM C/L OF WELL m 0 0
WT. OF WATER OVER WELL CAP (HFL CASE ONLY) t 786 786
VKSIMPL Page

Normal span
WELL CALCULATIONS
HEIGHT OF WELL m 22.000 22.000
SINKING DEPTH m 22.000 22.000
STEINING THICKNESS REQUIRED m 1.55 1.55
STEINING THICKNESS PROVIDED m 1.60 1.60
HEIGHT OF CURB m 3.20 3.20
DEAD LOAD OF WELL CALCULATIONS
OUTSIDE AREA OF WELL m2 95.0 95.0
INSIDE AREA OF WELL m2 47.8 47.8
AREA OF STEINING m2 47.2 47.2
AREA OF WELL AT BASE m2 97.6 97.6
WEIGHT OF STEINING t 1848 1848
IF COMPLETELY FILLED BY SAND, ENTER 1 Otherwise ENTER 2 2 2
THICKNESS OF TOP PLUG m 0.3 0.3
WEIGHT OF TOP PLUG t 31.5 31.5

WEIGHT OF SAND FILLING (i.e. upto M.S.L. ) t 1500 1500
WEIGHT OF WATER INSIDE STEINING (above M.S.L.) t 0 0
WEIGHT OF CURB t 222 222
BOTTOM PLUG (P.C.C.)
WT. OF TOP 0.6 mt. THICK PORTION t 63 63
WT. OF TRAP. PORTION t 455 455
TOTAL WEIGHT OF BOTTOM PLUG t 518 518
WT. OF EARTH/WATER ON CURB PROJECTION
H.F.L CASE t 106 106
L.W.L CASE t 92 92
TOTAL DEAD LOAD OF WELL (HFL CASE) t 6104 6104
TOTAL DEAD LOAD OF WELL (LWL CASE) t 5304 5304
BUOYANCY (HFL CASE) t 2680 2680
BUOYANCY (LWL CASE) t 2148 2148
NET DOWNWARD LOAD OF WELL (HFL CASE) t 3423 3423
NET DOWNWARD LOAD OF WELL (LWL CASE) t 3156 3156
VKSIMPL Page

Normal span
MOMENT DUE TO TILT AND SHIFT
TILT ( 1 IN 80) m 0.275 0.275
SHIFT (0.15 m) m 0.150 0.150
W1=NET DOWNWARD LOAD ON TOP OF WELL t 2953 1831
MOMENT ABOUT C/L OF WELL (DUE TO W1) t-m 1255 778
W2=NET DOWNWARD LOAD OF WELL t 3423 3423
MOMENT ABOUT C.L. OF WELL (DUE TO W2) t-m 471 471
TOTAL MOMENT DUE TO TILT & SHIFT t-m 1726 1249
EXTERNAL FORCE DUE TO ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE IN L.W.L. CASE

HEIGHT OF FORMATION LEVEL ABOVE WELL CAP LEVEL, h 1 m 10.5 10.5
DEPTH OF M.S.L. FROM WELL CAP, h2 m 2.500 2.500
DEPTH OF FOUNDING LEVEL FROM M.S.L., h 3 m 19.500 19.500
ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON ABUTMENT, PA1 = PA4 = K agdh1cosd t/m2 5.861 5.861
EQUIVALENT HEIGHT OF EARTHFILL FOR LL SURCHARGE m 1.200 0.000
SURCHARGE EARTH PRESSURE, PA2 = PA5 = Ka q cosd t/m2 0.670 0.000
ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE FROM WELL CAP TO MSL,
PA3 = PA6 = Ka gsub h2 cosd t/m 2
0.698 0.698

ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE MA1 DUE TO PRESSURE PA1 = t-m 15208 15208
SURCHARGE EARTH PRESSURE DUE TO PRESS. PA2 MA2 = t-m 3587 0
MA3 (active pressure moment on 11.0 m width of well cap & well steining) = t-m 195 195
MA3 (active pressure moment on remaining width of well cap) = t-m 137 137
MA4 (active pressure moment on 18.715 m wide well cap) = t-m 5690 5690
MA4 (active pressure moment on dia of well) = t-m 12257 12257
MA5 (surcharge pressure moment on 18.715 m width of well cap) = t-m 650 650
MA5 (surcharge pressure moment on dia of well) = t-m 1401 1401
MA6 = t-m 1459 1459
VKSIMPL Page

Normal span
EXTERNAL FORCE DUE TO ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE IN H.F.L. CASE
DISTANCE OF FORMATION LVL. ABOVE H.F.L., h 0 m 5.048 5.048
DISTANCE OF H.F.L. ABOVE BOTTOM OF WELL CAP, h1 m 7.952 7.952
DEPTH OF M.S.L. BELOW BOTTOM OF WELL CAP, h2 m 0.000 0.000
DEPTH OF FOUNDING LEVEL FROM M.S.L., h 3 m 19.500 19.500
DRY ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE on abutment, Pa1, Pa2, Pa3 = Kagdh0cosd t/m2 2.818 2.818
SUB. ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE on abutment, Pa4, Pa5, = Kagsubh1cosd t/m2 2.219 2.219
SURCHARGE EARTH PRESSURE, Pa 6, Pa7 = Ka q cosd t/m2 0.670 0.000
ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE FROM BOTTOM OF WELL CAP TO MSL,
Pa8, Pa9 = Ka gsub h2 cosd t/m2 0.000 0.000
DRY ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON ABUTMENT MA1 = t-m 3936 3936
ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON ABUTMENT MA2 = t-m 9844 9844
SUB. ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON ABUTMENT MA4 = t-m 3658 3658
SURCHARGE EARTH PRESSURE ON ABUTMENT MA6 = t-m 4237 0
SURCHARGE EARTH PRESSURE ON WELL MA7 = t-m 1401 0
SUB. ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON WELL ABOVE MSL MA8 = t-m 0 0
SUB. ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON WELL BELOW MSL MA9 = t-m 0 0
PASSIVE RELIEF
NORMAL (HFL CASE)
HEIGHT OF M.S.L. FROM FOUNDING LVL. m 20 20
NET LATERAL PRESSURE INTENSITY
PP8 = (Kp-Ka) gsub h3 cosd = t/m2 106 106
F. O. S. 2 2
NORMAL (LWL CASE)
HEIGHT OF M.S.L. FROM FOUND.LVL. m 20 20
PRESSURE INTENSITIES PP7= t/m2 106 106
F. O. S. 2 2
PASSIVE RELIEF (PRS) t-m 37096 37096
SUMMARY OF LOADS & MOMENTS
AREA AT BASE OF WELL m2 97.64 97.64
SECTION MODULUS AT BASE OF WELL m3 136.09 136.09
NORMAL, HFL CASE
RESULANT MOMENT, MR (including tilt & shift) t-m 26642 21275
NORMAL, LWL CASE

RESULANT MOMENT (MR) t-m 33616 30300
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM BASE PRESSURE(NORMAL) t/m2 65 54

ABSOLUTE MINIMUM BASE PRESSURE(NORMAL) t/m2 63 51
CHECK FOR STEINING STRESSES

NORMAL L.W.L. CASE
DEPTH OF THE SECTION BELOW WELL CAP TOP m 14.055 12.872
LEVEL OF THE SECTION (WHERE STRESSES ARE TO BE CHECKED) m 182.945 184.128
DEPTH OF THE SECTION BELOW M.S.L. m 11.555 10.372
LONGITUDINAL FORCE FROM SUPERSTRUCTURE t 55.80 0.0
HORIZ. FORCE DUE TO ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE
HA1 = t 575.85 575.85
VKSIMPL HA2 = t 131.62 0.00 Page
DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT IN WELL STEINING
Here the steining is designed as a Reinforced concrete section subjected to combined axial load and bending, as
per clause 708.3.5 the amount of vertical reinforcement in the column shall not be less than 0.2%.On
less than 0.2% of the cross sctional area,where 0.06% will be provided on the inner face
and 0.14% is to be provided on the outer face
Outer face = 0.14 x 47.250x 10000 = 661.5 sq cm

100 on outer face
inner face = 0.06 x 47.250x 10000 = 283.50 sq cm

100 on inner face
Inner face
No of bars on inner face = 160 nos
Dia of the bar = 16 mm
Reinforcement provided = 322 cm^2
check o.k
Outer face
No of bars on inner face = 340 nos
Dia of the bar = 16 mm
Reinforcement provided = 684 cm^2
check o.k
As per clause 708.3.4 of IRC:78- 2000 , hoop steel for Plain Concrete Wells shall be not less than 0.04% of the
volume per unit length of steining i.e.
Outer Dia of Well = 11.000 m

Inner Dia of Well = 7.800 m
Length of Hoop Steel per loop .= ( 10.810 + 7.990 ) x p = 59.06m
Minimum Area of Hoop Steel
= 0.04 47.250 10000 = 3.200 sq cm/m

x x
100 59.062
Provide 10 f @ 200 C/c = 3.93 sq cm/m OK
VKSIMPL Page
3 Well curb reinforcement
Height of curb = 3.20m
Min area of reinforcement required in curb @ 72kg/m3 = 6652.43 kg
Bar mark 6 16nos 20 f ring = 1344.99 kg

Diameter of ring = 10.85 m

Average diameter of ring = 9.75 m

Average diameter of ring = 9.75 m
Bar mark 8 150nos 12 f = 3556.17 kg

Length of ring = 8.5 m
Reinforcement provided in well curb = 7247.60 kg

So O.K.
VKSIMPL Page
12.0 DESIGN OF RETURN WALL
12.1 Rectangular part

height rtnht 10.500 m
thickness rtnthk 0.800 m
width rtnlb 4.000 m
The wall is designed as slab restrained at two edges

erth pres. at bottom iepr 5.859 t/m2
LL surcharge llsr 0.670 t/m2
ref. formulae for stress and strain by Roark & Young

ref. Table 26 11a
parameter 0.381
for rectangular loading
beta1 0.391
beta2 0.430
max stress sht 45.101 t/m2 10.5

mht 4.811 tm
max stress sw 49.600 t/m2

mw 5.291 tm 4.00
for triangular loading

ref. Table 26 11d beta11 0.699
beta12 0.433
max stress sht1 705.504 t/m2

mht1 #NAME? tm
max stress sw1 437.029 t/m2

mw1 #NAME? tm
total moment mhtt #NAME? tm

mwt #NAME? tm
thickness required #NAME? mm

provided 740 mm #NAME?
horizontal steel
area req. for mhtt #NAME? mm2
bar dia 25 mm
spacing 120 mm
area provided 4091 mm2 #NAME?
vertical steel
area req. for mwt #NAME? mm2
bar dia 20 mm
spacing 120 mm
area provided 2618 mm2 #NAME?
Provide T25 @ 120 crs. horizontally on earth face

Provide T10 @ 100 crs. horizontally on outer face
Provide T20 @ 120 crs. verticaly on earth face
Provide T10 @ 150 crs. verticaly on outer face
VKSIMPL Page
DESIGN OF ABUTMENT CAP
The abutment cap has been designed as per Clause 716.2.1 , IRC :78- 2000 .
The abutment cap shall be reinforced with a total minimum of 1% steel distributed equally at both faces
and in both directions assuming a cap thickness of 225 mm.
Length of abutment cap = 18.715 m
Width of abutment cap = 2.425 m
Depth of abutment cap assumed = 0.225 m
Reinforcement in the direction of length of abutment :-
Area of steel required (mm2) = 2728.125 mm2 on each face
Providing steel by distributing equally at top & bottom = 11 nos. 16 f
Area of steel provided (mm2) = 2212 mm2 not o.k
Reinforcement in the direction of width of abutment :-
Area of steel required (mm2)/m = 1125 mm2
Providing 2 legged stirrups,12 mm dia.
Spacing if stirrups required = 201.1 mm
Therefore, providing 12 f , 2 legged stirrups @ 200 c/c .
VKSIMPL Page
DESIGN OF DIRT WALL
Formation level = 207.5 m

Cross slope = 2.5 %
Carriageway width = 14.5 m
thk of wearing coat = 0.065 m
Ht of superstructure = 3 m
Thk of pedestal = 0.5 m
R L of Abutment cap = 203.935 m
height of dirt wall drtht 3.565 m
thk. Of dirtwall drtthk 0.350 m
Pr. Intensity
surcharge pis 2.387 t/m
active erth press. piep 3.546 t/m
bending mom base md 9.564 tm/m
cov 40 mm
thickness req 228 mm
provided 290.00 okey
steel area reqd. 18.58 cm^2/m

bar dia 16
spacing 100 On earth face
area provided 20.1cm^2/m okey
Distribution reinforcement
bar dia 10
spacing 200 On earth face
area provided 3.9cm^2/m
Reinforment on outer face
Main bar dia 12

spacing 200 outer face
Distribution reinforcement
bar dia 10
spacing 200 On outer face
VKSIMPL Page
Design of abutment shaft (Seismic Case)
Horizontal Forces from superstructure arm moment

braking force 254.38 -7.435 -1891 tm
Calculation of earth pressure at base of abutment
Earth pressure calculation(LWL case)

ht upto LWL 10.5 m
ht lwl to base of abutment 0.0 m
Kag H Force arm moment
p1 5.9 369.1 -4.4 -1627.8
p2 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
p3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total E.P. & B.M. 369.1 -1627.8
Earth pressure due to surcharge
total height 10.500 m

total earth pressure 65.79 t
moment at base of abutment -345.40 tm
Design of abutment shaft

Abutment shaft is designed as vertical cantilever fixed at base
Bending Moment at base of abutment shaft due to:
Earth Pressure moment 1973 tm

Mom due to friction Force 1891 tm
Total Moment, M 3865 tm

206.5 tm/m
Required effective depth 0.854 m
Provided effective depth, d 0.900 m

O.K.
Required Ast 8719 mm2/m
On earth face, provide T25 layer 1+ T25 layer 2
@ 100 100
Ast 9817 mm2/m
O.K.
Min. Ast required @ 0.12%
on each face 1080 mm2/m
On other face, provide T16

@ 140
Ast 1436 mm2/m
O.K.
Reinf. provided 1.25 %
VKSIMPL Page
Distribution Reinforcement :
(Moment = 0.3* LLBM + 0.2* DLBM as per Cl. 305.18.2 of IRC : 21 - 2000)
Total moment 962 tm

51.4 tm / m
Total Required Ast 2170 mm2/m

On each face Required Ast 1085 mm2/m
On both faces, provide T12

@ 100
Ast 1131 mm2/m
O.K.
10.4 Check for shear (LWL case governs)
S.F. at base of abutment shaft, V

earth pressure 369.117 t
surcharge 65.791 t
braking+brearing friction 254.380 t
total shear force 689 t

36.8 t/m
B.M. at base of abutment shaft, M 206 tm / m

Thickness of abutment shaft at top = 0.5 m
Thickness of abutment shaft at bot = 1.0 m
Effective height = 7.035 m
tan b 0.071
reduced shear v' = v- M tanb /d 20.524 t/m
Shear stress, t 0.228 N/mm2
% reinforcement 1.250
permissible shear stress 0.663
O.K.
VKSIMPL Page
DESIGN OF RETURN WALL

a = 4.000
ka = 0.279
g = 2.07
b = 10.500
Live load Surcharge = 0.60 m
(SHt)
Q1=ka*g*SHt Q2=ka*g*b
The end return wall has been designed as a plate fixed on its two faces i.e. at the base and on one of its vertical sides.
( Refer Table 26 of Formula of Stress & Strain by Roark & Young ).
Uniform load due to live load surcharge over entire plate

Height of Length of
S.NO. return wall return wall "a/b" (at x=a & z=0) (at x=0 & z=0.8b) Ma1
Q1 (t/m2) b1 b2 g1 g2
(m) "b" (m) "a" Mb1 (t-m/m) (t-m/m)
1 10.50 a = 4.000 0.381 0.347 0.366 0.409 0.681 0.420 -2.33 -2.61
Varying load due to earth pressure over entire plate
"a/b" (at x=a & z=0) (at x=0 & z=0.4b) Ma2
Q2 (t/m2) b1 b2 g1 g2 Mb2 (t-m/m) (t-m/m)
0.381 5.377 0.218 0.150 0.422 0.205 -21.49 -14.87
Design of end return wall
thk. of end thk. of end Moment in Ast for vertical Moment in

Ast for horizontal
Deff vertical horizontal
return wall at Deff reqd. return wall reinforcement
provided reinforcement (mm2)
top at bottom direction(Mv) (mm2) direction(Mh)
350 466 1190 1250 -23.82 1110 -17.47 814
VKSIMPL Page
Vertical reinforcement Horizontal reinforcement

Earth face Earth face
Outer face spacing Outer face
spacing spacing
bar dia spacing reqd bar dia provide
provided reqd
d
25 f 442 c/c 150 c/c 12 f @ 150 c/c 20 f 386 c/c 150 c/c 12 f @ 150 c/c
CHECK FOR SHEAR
Bending reinf provided (vertical) = 4026 mm2 Ast provided (horizontal) = 2848 mm2
Uniform load due to live load surcharge over entire plate
(at x=a & z=0)

For "a/b"
Q1 (t/m2) b1 b2 g1 g2 R1 (t- (at x=0 & z=0.8b) R2
(t-m/m2)
m/m2)
0.381 0.347 0.366 0.409 0.681 0.420 2.477 1.528
Varying load due to earth pressure over entire plate

(at x=a & z=0)
For "a/b"
Q2 (t/m2) b1 b2 g1 g2 R3 (t- (at x=0 & z=0.4b) R4
(t-m/m2)
m/m2)
0.381 5.377 0.218 0.150 0.422 0.205 23.827 11.547
VKSIMPL Page
At x = a & z = 0
D 1250 mm
Grade of Concrete M 35
Deff 1190 mm
Design Shear Force (R1+R3) V 26.30 (t-m/m2)
Design Shear Stress tv 0.221 N/mm2
%steel provided for bending r 0.338
As per IRC 21-2000(Cl 304.7.1.3.3),
Permissible Shear Stress (0.5% steel)
tco 0.258 N/mm2
Increase in permissible stress (d) 1.00
tc = d*tco 0.258 N/mm2
tv < tc Thus Ok
At x = 0 & z = 0.4*b
D 1250 mm
Grade of Concrete M 35
Depth at critical section at z=0.4b 0.4 650 mm
Design Shear Force (R2+R4) V 13.07 (t-m/m2)
Design Shear Stress tv 0.201 N/mm2
%steel provided for bending r 0.155
As per IRC 21-2000(Cl 304.7.1.3.3),
Permissible Shear Stress (0.5% steel)
tco 0.201 N/mm2
Incease in permissible stress (d) 1.00
tc = d*tco 0.201 N/mm2
tv < tc Thus Ok
VKSIMPL Page
NOTE NO.- 300/MJBR/THANDVA/DN-02 SHEET NO.
CALCULATION OF WIND FORCES (as per clause 212 of IRC:6-2000 )
Area of superstructure in elevation ((1.8+0.9)x(26.6/2) = 54.000 m2

say 60.000 m2
Avg. ht. above ground level = 10.050 m
From table -4 say 12.000 m
wind velocity (v) = 122.0 km/hr
wind pressure (p) = 97.4 Kg/m2
wind pressure (p) = 194.8 Kg/m2 (As per clause 212.2, wind pressure to
be doubled as the bridge is situated in area
shown hatched in fig.-6)
Equivalent wind velocity = 168.0 km/hr
Area of sub str. in elevation (2.95x(19.78-16.0)+2.4*2.266) = 46.172 m2

say 55.000 m2
Avg. ht. above ground level = 5.250 m
From table -4
wind velocity (v) = = 122.000 km/hr
(considered same as above on conservative side)
wind pressure (p) = = 97.400 Kg/m2
wind pressure (p) = 194.8 Kg/m2 (As per clause 212.2, wind pressure to
be doubled as the bridge is situated in area
shown hatched in fig.-6)
Case-(i) - as per clause 212.3, 212.4 , for loaded deck
on superstructure 0.1948 x 60.00 = 11.69 t

on substructure 0.1948 x 55.00 = 10.71 t
no live load shall be considered over deck when wind velocity exceeds 130KMPH at deck
level as per cl. 212.5
i,e of IRC:6- 0.30
2000 x 0.00 = 0.00
please hide t
Total = 22.40 t
Case-(ii) - as per clause 212.6 , minimum force for loaded deck
( @ 450 kg/linear meter)
i,e 0.45 x 20.00 = 9.00 t
Case-(iii) - as per clause 212.7, minimum force for unloaded deck

( @ 240 kg/m2)
i,e 0.24 x 20.00 = 4.80 t
from the above cases, case-(i) governs the design.
Transverse horizontal force due to wind force
Total Force Lever Arm @ Founding Moment at Base

Component
(t) Lvl (m) ( tm )
Super str. 11.69 34.000 397.39
Sub str. 10.71 27.250 291.96
VKSIMPL Page
WIND PRESSURE AND WIND VELOCITIES
HEIGHT PRESSURE INTENSITY VELOCITY

H P V
0.00 40.000 80.000 HEIGHT 14.300
0.20 41.200 81.100 PRESSURE INTENSITY VLOOKUP(G11,A6:C231,MATCH(E12,A4:C4,1),1)
0.40 42.400 82.200 VELOCITY VLOOKUP(G11,A6:C231,MATCH(E13,A4:C4,1),1)
0.60 43.600 83.300
0.80 44.800 84.400
1.00 46.000 85.500 HEIGHT 14.700
1.20 47.200 86.600 PRESSURE INTENSITY 105.72
1.40 48.400 87.700 VELOCITY 127.2
1.60 49.600 88.800
1.80 50.800 89.900 NOTE: FOR ABOVE FORMULA PLEASE ENSURE THAT
2.00 52.000 91.000 THE DATA IS ARRNGED IN ASSENDING ORDER (BOTH
2.20 53.100 91.900 NUMERIC AS WELL AS ALPHABATIC )
2.40 54.200 92.800
2.60 55.300 93.700 HEIGHT P V
2.80 56.400 94.600 0.00 40.000 80.000
3.00 57.500 95.500 2.00 52.000 91.000
3.20 58.600 96.400 4.00 63.000 100.000
3.40 59.700 97.300 6.00 73.000 107.000
3.60 60.800 98.200 8.00 82.000 113.000
3.80 61.900 99.100 10.00 91.000 118.000
4.00 63.000 100.000 15.00 107.000 128.000
4.20 64.000 100.700 20.00 119.000 136.000
4.40 65.000 101.400 25.00 130.000 142.000
4.60 66.000 102.100 30.00 141.000 147.000
4.80 67.000 102.800 40.00 157.000 155.000
5.00 68.000 103.500 50.00 171.000 162.000
5.20 69.000 104.200 60.00 183.000 168.000
5.40 70.000 104.900
5.60 71.000 105.600
5.80 72.000 106.300
6.00 73.000 107.000
6.20 73.900 107.600
6.40 74.800 108.200
6.60 75.700 108.800
6.80 76.600 109.400
7.00 77.500 110.000
7.20 78.400 110.600
7.40 79.300 111.200
7.60 80.200 111.800
7.80 81.100 112.400
8.00 82.000 113.000
8.20 82.900 113.500
8.40 83.800 114.000
8.60 84.700 114.500
8.80 85.600 115.000
9.00 86.500 115.500
9.20 87.400 116.000
9.40 88.300 116.500
9.60 89.200 117.000
9.80 90.100 117.500
10.00 91.000 118.000
10.20 91.640 118.400
10.40 92.280 118.800
10.60 92.920 119.200
10.80 93.560 119.600
11.00 94.200 120.000
11.20 94.840 120.400
11.40 95.480 120.800
11.60 96.120 121.200
11.80 96.760 121.600
12.00 97.400 122.000
12.20 98.040 122.400
12.40 98.680 122.800
12.60 99.320 123.200
12.80 99.960 123.600
13.00 100.600 124.000
VKSIMPL Page
13.20 101.240 124.400

13.40 101.880 124.800
13.60 102.520 125.200
13.80 103.160 125.600
14.00 103.800 126.000
14.20 104.440 126.400
14.40 105.080 126.800
14.60 105.720 127.200
14.80 106.360 127.600
15.00 107.000 128.000
15.20 107.480 128.320
15.40 107.960 128.640
15.60 108.440 128.960
15.80 108.920 129.280
16.00 109.400 129.600
16.20 109.880 129.920
16.40 110.360 130.240
16.60 110.840 130.560
16.80 111.320 130.880
17.00 111.800 131.200
17.20 112.280 131.520
17.40 112.760 131.840
17.60 113.240 132.160
17.80 113.720 132.480
18.00 114.200 132.800
18.20 114.680 133.120
18.40 115.160 133.440
18.60 115.640 133.760
18.80 116.120 134.080
19.00 116.600 134.400
19.20 117.080 134.720
19.40 117.560 135.040
19.60 118.040 135.360
19.80 118.520 135.680
20.00 119.000 136.000
20.20 119.440 136.240
20.40 119.880 136.480
20.60 120.320 136.720
20.80 120.760 136.960
21.00 121.200 137.200
21.20 121.640 137.440
21.40 122.080 137.680
21.60 122.520 137.920
21.80 122.960 138.160
22.00 123.400 138.400
22.20 123.840 138.640
22.40 124.280 138.880
22.60 124.720 139.120
22.80 125.160 139.360
23.00 125.600 139.600
23.20 126.040 139.840
23.40 126.480 140.080
23.60 126.920 140.320
23.80 127.360 140.560
24.00 127.800 140.800
24.20 128.240 141.040
24.40 128.680 141.280
24.60 129.120 141.520
24.80 129.560 141.760
25.00 130.000 142.000
25.20 130.440 142.200
25.40 130.880 142.400
25.60 131.320 142.600
25.80 131.760 142.800
26.00 132.200 143.000
26.20 132.640 143.200
26.40 133.080 143.400
26.60 133.520 143.600
26.80 133.960 143.800
27.00 134.400 144.000
27.20 134.840 144.200
27.40 135.280 144.400
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27.60 135.720 144.600

27.80 136.160 144.800
28.00 136.600 145.000
28.20 137.040 145.200
28.40 137.480 145.400
28.60 137.920 145.600
28.80 138.360 145.800
29.00 138.800 146.000
29.20 139.240 146.200
29.40 139.680 146.400
29.60 140.120 146.600
29.80 140.560 146.800
30.00 141.000 147.000
30.40 141.640 147.320
30.80 142.280 147.640
31.20 142.920 147.960
31.60 143.560 148.280
32.00 144.200 148.600
32.40 144.840 148.920
32.80 145.480 149.240
33.20 146.120 149.560
33.60 146.760 149.880
34.00 147.400 150.200
34.40 148.040 150.520
34.80 148.680 150.840
35.20 149.320 151.160
35.60 149.960 151.480
36.00 150.600 151.800
36.40 151.240 152.120
36.80 151.880 152.440
37.20 152.520 152.760
37.60 153.160 153.080
38.00 153.800 153.400
38.40 154.440 153.720
38.80 155.080 154.040
39.20 155.720 154.360
39.60 156.360 154.680
40.00 157.000 155.000
40.40 157.560 155.280
40.80 158.120 155.560
41.20 158.680 155.840
41.60 159.240 156.120
42.00 159.800 156.400
42.40 160.360 156.680
42.80 160.920 156.960
43.20 161.480 157.240
43.60 162.040 157.520
44.00 162.600 157.800
44.40 163.160 158.080
44.80 163.720 158.360
45.20 164.280 158.640
45.60 164.840 158.920
46.00 165.400 159.200
46.40 165.960 159.480
46.80 166.520 159.760
47.20 167.080 160.040
47.60 167.640 160.320
48.00 168.200 160.600
48.40 168.760 160.880
48.80 169.320 161.160
49.20 169.880 161.440
49.60 170.440 161.720
50.00 171.000 162.000
50.40 171.480 162.240
50.80 171.960 162.480
51.20 172.440 162.720
51.60 172.920 162.960
52.00 173.400 163.200
52.40 173.880 163.440
52.80 174.360 163.680
53.20 174.840 163.920
53.60 175.320 164.160
54.00 175.800 164.400
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54.40 176.280 164.640

54.80 176.760 164.880
55.20 177.240 165.120
55.60 177.720 165.360
56.00 178.200 165.600
56.40 178.680 165.840
56.80 179.160 166.080
57.20 179.640 166.320
57.60 180.120 166.560
58.00 180.600 166.800
58.40 181.080 167.040
58.80 181.560 167.280
59.20 182.040 167.520
59.60 182.520 167.760
60.00 183.000 168.000
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NOTE NO: 300/MJBR/THANDVA/DN-02 SHEET NO.
COEFFICIENT OF ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE

AS PER COULOMB'S THEORY, COEFFICIENT OF ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE IS
Ka = SIN2 (a+f)

SIN a. SIN(a-d)
2
SIN(f + d).SIN(f -b) 2
1 + SIN(a - d).SIN(a + b)
WHERE
f = ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION OF EARTH
a = ANGLE OF INCLINATION OF BACK OF WALL
d = ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION BETWEEN WALL & EARTH
b = ANGLE OF INCLINATION OF BACKFILL
HERE f = 33 o = 0.576 Radian
a = 90 o = 1.571 Radian
d = 22 o = 0.384 Radian
b= 0 o = 0.000 Radian
Ka = 0.2645
COEFFICIENT OF PASSIVE EARTH PRESSURE

AS PER COULOMB'S THEORY, COEFFICIENT OF ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE IS
Kp = SIN2 (a-f)

SIN a. SIN(a+d)
2
SIN(f + d).SIN(f +b) 2
1 SIN(a + d).SIN(a + b)
WHERE : f , a , d & b are as defined above
Kp = 8.0843
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CALCULATION OF SEISMIC COEFFICIENT
As per claue 222.5 of IRC-6 2000
Horizontal seismic coefficient is given by Ah = (Z/2)*(Sa/g)/(R/I)
Where Z is the zone factor as given in table 5 to be taken as 0.24

as per zone IV
I is the importance factor to be taken as 1.5 for important bridges
R is to be taken as = 2.5
Sa/g is tobe taken as = 2.5
Therefore as per the formula above we have Ah = 0.18
Vertical seismic coefficient to be taken as = 0.09

halfof the horizontal seismic coefficient
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BASIC DESIGN DATA

General data
1 Clear carriage way Bcw 17.500 m
2 Width of crash barier Wkerb 0.500 m
3 Weight of crash barrier Wrail 1.000 t/m
4 Grade of concrete Cgrade 35 N/mm2
5 Grade of reinforcement Sgrade 415 N/mm2
6 Clear cover For substructure cov 0.04 m
7 Clear cover For foundation cov1 0.075 m
8 Unit weight of concrete wcon 2.400 t/m3
9 Stress in concrete (compression) fc 1167 t/m2
10 Stress in concrete (tension) fct -25.00 t/m2
11 Stress in steel (tension) ft 20408 t/m2
12 Modular ratio m 10
13 total deck width B 18.715 m
14 depth of superstructure Ds 3 m
15 wearing course thickness wc 0.065 m
16 bearing + pedestal thickness brg 0.5 m
Levels
1 Formation level FRL 207.500 m
2 Bearing top level BRL 204.435 m
3 Abutment cap top level ACL 203.935 m
4 Well cap top level WCL 197.000 m
5 Mean ground level Say GRL 197.000 m
6 High flood level HFL 202.452 m
7 Low water level Low bed level (LBL) LWL 197.000 m
8 Normal scour level MSL NSL 194.500 m
9 Foundation level FDL 175.000 m
Well geometry
1 Diameter of the well Do 11.0 m
2 K K 0.03
3 Steining thickness tst = KDo ( l )0.5 = 1.5 tst 1.60 m
4 Diameter of dredge hole Di 7.8 m
5 Well cap thickness twc 2.50 m
6 Top plug thickness tplug 0.3 m
7 Height of well curb hcurb 3.2 m
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BASIC DESIGN DATA

Soil properties
1 Unit weight of soil (Dry) Gdry 2.00 t/m3
2 Unit weight of soil (Submerged) Gsub 1.00 t/m3
3 Unit weight of soil (Saturated) Gsat 2.00 t/m3
4 Net bearing pressure At RL 175.00 Nbp 40.00 t/m2
5 Gross bearing pressure At RL 175.00 Gbp 79.00 t/m2
(Considering overburden pressure below MSL)
6 Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure Ka 0.279
7 LL Surcharge pressure sur 0.670
Abutment geometry
1 Height of dirt wall hdirt 3.57 m
2 Thickness of dirt wall tdirt #NAME? m
3 Thickness of abutment bottom tabut 1.00 m
4 Width of abutment wabut 18.72 m
5 Eccen of abutment stem w.r.t CL of well (ie. CL of bearing) Xa 1.75 m
6 Width of abutment cap top wac 2.425 m
7 Height of abutment cap hac 0.60 m
8 Thickness of return wall Average treturn 0.80 m
9 Length of return wall From back face of dirt wall lreturn 2.875 m
10 Thickness of wing wall twing 0.00 m
11 Length of wing wall lwing 0.00 m
12 Distance of dirt wall back face from CL of well (ie. CL of br Xd 3.625 m
Load input
1 (Dead load + SIDL )reaction of superstructure DLP 783 t
2 Location of cg of DLP w.r.t. center of well in long dir X 1.750 m
3 Location of cg of DLP w.r.t. center of well in trans dir Y 0.000 m
4 Live load reaction LLR 210 t
5 Live load moment (Transverse direction) LLM 326 t-m
6 Total long force BRF 41.65 t
7 Substructure weight DLB 1830.62 t
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DESIGN OF WELL CAP
Well cap has been designed as a plate supported at the boundary by steining and subjected to vertical loads &
moments through the substructure .The load is considered after 45 o dispersion through the depth of the slab, upon the
effective
50% of thedepth. Sincemoment
sagging the at the centre of well cap is considered at support to account for partial fixidity of the well
cap with the steining. Effect of moment is considered by considering an equivalent triangular distribution of load for
shear force Fo
DESIGN OF CANTILEVER PORTION
A A
18.715 7.78 m
C/L of abutl C/L of well
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Extra length of cantilever due to tilt & shift #NAME? = #NAME? cm2/m
1 Wt of back filling 1 (LWL) #NAME? = #NAME? cm2/m

Eccen w.r.t CL of Sec A-A #NAME? = #NAME?
cm2/m
2 Wt of back filling 2 (LWL) #NAME? = #NAME?
Eccen w.r.t CL of Sec A-A #NAME? = #NAME? t
t
3 Wt of back filling 3 (LWL) #NAME? = #NAME? t
Eccen w.r.t CL of Sec A-A #NAME? = #NAME? t/m
t/m2
4 Wt of frontfill earth #NAME? = #NAME? %
Eccen w.r.t CL of Sec A-A #NAME? = #NAME? t/m^2
5 self wt of well cap at back #NAME? = #NAME?

6 self wt of well cap at front #NAME? = #NAME?

7 Wt of crash barrier #NAME? = #NAME?
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8 Wt of return wall 1 #NAME? = #NAME?



Eccen w.r.t CL of Sec A-A #NAME? = #NAME? t-m
t-m
11 Wt of wing wall #NAME? = #NAME? t-m
12 Load from abutment #NAME? = #NAME?

Eccen w.r.t CL of Sec A-A #NAME? = #NAME? m
m
13 Load due to (DL+SIDL+LL) reaction #NAME? = #NAME? m
Eccen w.r.t CL of Sec A-A #NAME? = #NAME? m
m2
14 Load due to LL surcharge #NAME? = #NAME? deg
Eccen w.r.t CL of Sec A-A #NAME? = #NAME? m2
t/m2
15 Vertical earth pressure #NAME? = #NAME? t/m2
Eccen w.r.t CL of Sec A-A #NAME? = #NAME? t/m2
Torsional moment due to above loads about C/L of Sec A-A = #NAME? m
Torsional moment due to earth pressure about C/L of Sec A-A = #NAME? t/m
Total torsional moment T= #NAME?
Moment due to above loads about the face of inscribed square Sec A-A = #NAME?
#NAME?
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Width of cap over which moment is acting =b = #NAME? m

Equivalent bending moment =T(1+D/b)/1.7 = #NAME?
Total moment = #NAME? tm

Moment /m = #NAME? tm/m
Moment of resistance M= Qbd2

Where , Q = 0.5*scbc * j*k = #NAME? t/m2
k = m / (m + r) = #NAME?
j = 1 - k/3 = #NAME?
Required effective depth #NAME? = #NAME?
Depth provided #NAME? = #NAME?
Required Ast =M/sst*j*d #NAME? = #NAME?
Provide 32 f @ 100 c/c at top layer
32 f @ 100 c/c at second layer
Provided Ast = 160.85
Min reinforcement at bottom = 0.06% of cross sectional area = #NAME?

Provide 20 f @ 200 c/c at bottom t-m
Provided Ast = 15.71 t-m
Shear at deff due to direct load = #NAME?

Shear due to torsional moment 1.6T/b = #NAME? t-m
Total shear V #NAME?
Shear/m V/b = #NAME? t-m
Shear stress V/bd = tv = #NAME? t/m2
Percentage of reinforcement at top = #NAME?
Permissible shear stress = #NAME? t/m2
#NAME?
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DESIGN OF CIRCULAR PORTION

Summary of loads and moments at well cap bottom (LWL Condition) Normal Case
Sl.No. Items W (t) Hx (t) Mx (t-m) My (t-m)
1 well dia) #NAME?

2 LL reaction (on well dia) #NAME? ###
3 Wt of substructure (on well dia) #NAME? #NAME?
4 Backfill earth #NAME? #NAME?
5 Filling at front #NAME? #NAME?
6 Braking force #NAME? #NAME?
7 Earth pressure #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? ###
Resultant moment #NAME? = #NAME?
Moment due to tilt & shift #NAME? = #NAME?
Overturning moment #NAME? = #NAME?
Check for shear
Direct shear
Effective diameter of well cap D = 2R = #NAME?
Effective depth of well cap = #NAME?
Dispersion width (considering 450 dispersion) = #NAME?
Width left unexcited by vertical load after dispersion q = #NAME?
Area of shaded portion = R2/2 [pq/180 - Sin q] = #NAME?
q #NAME? = #NAME?
Area under udl = p R2 - 2*R2/2 [pq/180 - Sin q] = #NAME?
Udl due to self wt of well cap = #NAME?
Udl due to loads from abutment = (DLP + LLR + DLB)*do/wabut/dispersed A = #NAME?
Udl due to backfill = #NAME?
Total udl on well cap w = #NAME?
Shear force is checked at distance "a" from the center of well a = #NAME?
Shear force =w*pi*a^2/pi*a =w*a/2 = #NAME?
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Shear due to moment #NAME?
Maximum loading intensity due to triangular

distribution po = M*R/(pi*R /4)
4
= #NAME?
= 4*M/(pi*R )
3
Shear force /m run at a distance "a" from centre = Sm = #NAME?

Sm = p*a/4 = po*a2/4R
where p = po*a/R & R = D/2 p
Total shear force = #NAME?

Shear stress tv = #NAME? t/m2
Shear stress tv (N/mm2) < tmax = #NAME? N/mm2 = #NAME? t/m2
tc K
= 1 x K2
x tco [ Cl. 304.7.3 IRC - 21 1987 ] = #NAME? t/m2
Where
K1 = 1.14 - 0.7 d >= 0.5 = #NAME?
K2 = 0.5 + 0.25 r >= 1.0 = #NAME?
tco = Err:504
As tc #NAME? tv #NAME?
Check for flexure
For udl
Sagging moment at center wD2/30 = #NAME?
Hogging moment at edges wD2/60 = #NAME?
For overturning moment

Sagging moment at center pR2*(5+m)/72(3)0.5 = #NAME?
Design sagging moment at center = #NAME?

Design hogging moment at edges = #NAME?
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Moment of resistance M= Qbd2

Where , Q = 0.5*scbc * j*k = #NAME? t/m2
k = m / (m + r) = #NAME?
j = 1 - k/3 = #NAME?
Required effective depth #NAME? = #NAME? m
Depth provided #NAME? = #NAME? m
Required Ast =M/sst*j*d #NAME? = #NAME? cm2/m

Bottom Face
Provide 20 f @ 100 c/c in first layer
+ 20 f @ 100 c/c in second layer
Provided Ast = 62.83 cm2/m
Top Face
Provide 32 f @ 100 c/c in first layer
+ f @ 150 c/c in second layer
Provide 25 f @ 100 c/c at top In long direction

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Scour Depth and Bearing Pressure Calculation

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What calculations were performed regarding scour depth and bearing pressure?

What calculations were performed regarding scour depth and bearing pressure?

What design data is provided regarding the abutment?

What design data is provided regarding the abutment?

Hindon Bridge at Greater Noida Abutment and Abutment Well

SCOUR DEPTH AND BEARING PRESSURE CALCULATION

Calculation of maximum scour level

High flood level = 202.452 m

Design discharge, Q = 4000 cum/sec

Lacey's wetted perimeter = 303.58 m

Ksf(silt factor) = 0.9

Mean scour depth, dsm = 10.21 m

Modified scour due to

Mean scour level = 189.29 m

Max scour depth = 16.72 m

Heighest Founding level in case of abutment

PROPOSED FOUNDING LEVEL

for abutment with proper protection works

Maximum scour level = bottom of well cap level

Bearing pressure calculation

Net safe bearing capacity as per the report= 40 t/m^2

Depth of soil upto founding level from = 19.50 m

Density of soil = 2 t/m^3

Overburden due to soil = 39.0 t/m^2

Safe bearing pressure at founding Level

BASIC DESIGN DATA

Total sidl reaction = 123.000 t

Transverse moment due to SIDL = 65.000 t-m

Reactions due to Live load

Max Live load reaction

Force due to friction at free end = mu * = 41.65 t

seismic long force from superstr. = 281.9 t

4.000 1.000 7.000

Density of concrete = 2.400 t/m3

CALCULATION OF RELEIF DUE TO ECCENTRICITY OF ABUTMENT @ CL OF WELL FOUNDATON

Due to Structural components

Length Width Height Weight Moment

Due to Earth filling

Length Width Height Weight Moment

Total weight due to self weight of abutment = 1830.62 t

Due to Live Load Surcharge

Length over which Live load surcharge acts = 2.875 m

Due to Well cap

Plan area of Well cap = 182.14 sqm (FROM AUTOCAD)

Height of water over well cap = = 5.452m

Area of water over Well cap = 144.09 sqm

Height of water over Well cap (HFL Case only) = 5.452 m

DESIGN OF WELL FOUNDATION FOR ABUTMENT

DESIGN OF WELL FOUNDATION FOR ABUTMENT

TRANSVERSE ECCENTRICITY OF LIVE LOAD m 1.243 1.243

TRANSVERSE MOMENT DUE TO LIVE LOAD ECCENTRICITY t-m 131 131

LOADS FROM SUBSTRUCTURE

DESIGN OF WELL FOUNDATION FOR ABUTMENT

MOMENT DUE TO TILT AND SHIFT

DESIGN OF WELL FOUNDATION FOR ABUTMENT

EXTERNAL FORCE DUE TO ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE IN H.F.L. CASE

DESIGN OF WELL FOUNDATION FOR ABUTMENT

SEISMIC CONDITION (HFL CASE)