Special Issue - (MMK: ACE - 2023) International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

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FROM THE DESK OF THE EDITOR…!

After Covid-19 the education world has been changing very fast with drastic majorchanges in the research dimensions. UGC
and MHRD have launched many virtual platforms with online depositories, e-books and other online teaching/learning materials.
Combination of the traditional technologies’ with mobile/web technologies to a single platform with depositories would enhance
better accessibility and flexibility to education.

The main objectives of NEP 2020 clearly define the pivotal role in catalysing interdisciplinary /multi-disciplinary research
culture at UG level.

Students’ research at undergraduate and post graduate level is the key to success towards real life education. Implementation
of this student centric research requires establishment of the Academic Bank of Credits (ABC), a national level facility which will
be a bank for academic purposes with students as academic account holders. A minimum of 20 credits of the 160 credits in four
years undergraduate degree programmes will be earned via research activities according to guidelines prepared under NEP 2020.

Further, it will encourage and make it possible for all students to open an academic bank account to commute credits to
award any degree/research fellowship/certificates.

The ability to integrate classroom knowledge with practical problems is important to decide research problems of the real
world and to provide realistic solutions for the same. Four years Undergraduate bachelor’s degree programme objectives are
clearly defined in these directions. This calls for developing research experiences in students and developing system of offering
real life research projects with keen interest towards pursuing realistic research projects. Here role of research organisations,
higher institutions or research centre can support research internships as providers.

Keeping such ideas in mind, I feel humbled to bring out the Third students special Issue of our reputed E-Journal “MMK:
ACE”, including research papers for the first time from students’ community at various undergraduate, post graduate and
Doctoral level Programmes of our College. This volume develops the fact finding empirical approach among students community
at higher education.

I extend my sincere gratitude to the Management of H.S.N.C. Board and our respected Principal Prof. Dr. CA Kishore
Peshori for their constant support and motivation towards a strong Research foundation.

Finally, a big thank you to the Peer-reviewers and Publishing House for helping us in publishing this E-Journal. I invite
feedback and suggestions from our Readers, Researchers and Academicians for further improvement in our E-Journal “MMK:
ACE”.

Dr. Aashish S. Jani

Vice-Principal & Executive Editor

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Special Issue - (MMK: ACE - 2023) International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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PRINCIPAL’S MESSAGE…!

Dear Members of the Academia,

It brings me immense joy and pride to witness the continued growth of SMT. M.M.K. College, especially in the realm of
research, as evidenced by the expansion of our esteemed Research Centre in Commerce (Business Policy & Administration) and
the recent approval in Accountancy.

I extend my heartfelt gratitude to the dynamic editorial team, led by Dr. Aashish Jani, Vice Principal, for their unwavering
commitment and dedication to advancing the cause of research at our institution. Their tireless efforts have played a pivotal role in
steering our academic community toward the frontiers of knowledge.

In the spirit of our rich cultural heritage, I am pleased to include a Sanskrit shloka in this research endeavour, symbolizing
the fusion of tradition and progress in our scholarly pursuits:

“चरै वेतिचरै वेति…”

“Keep Walking, Keep Walking”,

The present focus on student-centric research in this Third edition of MMK: ACE is indeed a commendable initiative taken
at the opportune moment. It reflects our collective commitment to nurturing the research acumen of our students, a vital aspect of
our academic mission.

I express my sincere appreciation to the Research Committee, whose proactive approach has not only fostered the
development of new faculty but has also provided a platform for meaningful research at both undergraduate and postgraduate
levels. The previous volumes of MMK: ACE have been well-received by the academic community, and I am confident that this
edition, emphasizing student research, will further elevate our standing.

Kudos to the editorial team for curating diverse themes that delve into various facets of the Economy and Education sector. I
extend my appreciation to the Course Coordinators, specialized students, academicians, research guides, and scholars whose
valuable contributions have enriched the content of this journal.

I applaud the continuous efforts of the editorial board in cultivating and promoting a robust Research Culture across all
multidisciplinary programs. Your dedication is instrumental in inspiring our faculty and students to embrace the role of
researchers and critical thinkers.

As we embark on this intellectual journey through the pages of MMK: ACE, I wish the entire team the very best. May the
ideas shared in this volume pave the way for positive outcomes and catalyze many more students and teachers to embark on the
rewarding path of research and scholarly exploration.

With warm regards,

Prof. Dr. CA Kishore Peshori

(Principal)

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CONTENTS
RESEARCH PAPERS & ARTICLES ON ACCOUNTANCY

PAPER I.D & PROGRAMME RESEARCH TOPIC AUTHORS

IJISRT22NOV032 A Study Of Mergers And Acquisitions In India & Their Dr. Meena Kumari&
(M.COM.) Impact On Financial Performance Ms. Shaikh Noorjahan Begum
Murad Hussain

IJISRT22DEC1506 Analytical Study On Various Heterogeneous Valuation Dr. Meena Kumari&

(PH.D. ACCOUNTANCY) Techniques Followed In Balance Sheet Ms. CA Asmita Agrawal

IJISRT23JAN439 Opportunities and Challenges of Rural Areas of Dr. Jayesh K. Rana &
(PH.D. ACCOUNTANCY) Maharashtra State Ms. Bhavana T. Shinde

IJISRT23JAN051 A Study On Financial Risk Management Specifying Dr. Jayesh K. Rana &
(PH.D. ACCOUNTANCY) Incomplete Construction Projects In Real Estate Anil N. Tike

IJISRT23DEC1003 (PH.D. A study on the perception of Indians towards Gold as the Dr. Jayesh K. Rana &
ACCOUNTANCY) Safest Alternative Ms. Rachel George

IJISRT23DEC240 A Study on Tata Technology IPO Dr. Jayesh K. Rana & Mr.
(PH.D. ACCOUNTANCY) Bhavesh Dilip Khanted

IJISRT22NOV026 A Study On The Growth of Mutual Fund Industry In Ms. Harsha Hardasani &
(B.F.M.) India From Period 2017-22 Mr. Vinay Bafna

CONTENTS

PAPER I.D & PROGRAMME RESEARCH TOPIC AUTHORS

IJISRT22NOV028 The Influence Of Corona virus Pandemic On The Indian Dr. Aashish S. Jani &
(PH.D. Digital Payments Ecosystem Mr. Kayzad F. Dadachanji
COMMERCE)
IJISRT22NOV029 Revival Of Hotel Industry With The Latest Trends: Post Dr. Aashish S. Jani &
(PH.D. Pandemic Period Ms. Jasmine Gulshan Rai
COMMERCE)
IJISRT22NOV030 A Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of Learning In The Dr. Aashish S. Jani &
(PH.D. Physical Classroom Versus Online Learning For Students Ms. Revati Hunswadkar
COMMERCE) During The COVID-19 Pandemic
IJISRT22NOV031 A Study of Various Social Security Measures of The Dr. Aashish S. Jani&
(PH.D. Government With Special Reference To Retirement Ms. Mamta Meghnani
COMMERCE) Schemes
IJISRT23DEC243 Factors Affecting The Longevity of Startups Dr. Aashish S. Jani & Mr.
(PH.D. Darshan Panchal
COMMERCE)
IJISRT23DEC241 Role Of Forensic Audit In Preventing &; Detecting Prof. Shreekumar Menon &
(M.COM.) Financial Frauds Danish Mohd Farukh Shaikh

IJISRT22DEC1503 A Study On Consumer Behavior Towards Buying Electric Prof. Vishal R. Tomar &
(PH.D. Vehicle In KDMC Ms. Jyotsana Suraj Agarwal
COMMERCE)
IJISRT23DEC247 Unleashing Potential: Navigating Opportunities And Prof. Vishal R. Tomar & Mr.
(PH.D. Challenges In India's Evolving Gig Economy Ravi Rakesh Singh
COMMERCE)

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Special Issue - (MMK: ACE - 2023) International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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IJISRT23DEC244 A Study On Opportunities & Challenges Posed By Ai Prof. Vishal R. Tomar & Ms.
(PH.D. Among College Students In Mumbai Aditi Kapoor
COMMERCE)
IJISRT23DEC245 Opportunities And Challenges Of Tourism Industry In Prof. Vishal R. Tomar & Mrs.
(PH.D. Ratnagiri District Veena V. Sawant
COMMERCE)
IJISRT23DEC248 Opportunities And Challenges Of Entrepreneurs In Prof. Vishal R. Tomar & Ms.
(PH.D. Sustainable Development Of Power Loom Sector (With Kamini Pawar
COMMERCE) Special Reference To Bhiwandi)

CONTENTS
RESEARCH PAPERS & ARTICLES ON ECONOMICS

PAPER I.D & PROGRAMME RESEARCH TOPIC AUTHORS

IJISRT23JAN440 Rebooting The German Economy Through Dr.Sheetal Chaddha &
(B.M.S.) Digitalization Mr. Santosh Gupta,
Mr. Aniket Pujari,
Mr. Durvankur Mukadam
IJISRT22NOV027 A Study Towards The Awareness And Impact Ms. Prajakta Paralkar &
(B.B.I.) Ofcovid-19 On Health Insurance Sector In India Ms. Ayesha Iqbal Khair

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Opportunities and Challenges of Tourism

Industry in Ratnagiri District
MMK: ACE VOLUME 3: PAPER NO. 17

Vishal R. Tomar Veena V. Sawant

Professor Dept. Of Commerce, Asst. Prof. Rajiv Gandhi College of Arts,
SMT. MMK College Bandra Commerce and Science, Vashi

Abstract:- The abstract of the study is given an executive complemented by the Arabian Sea's soothing presence. The
summary. Tourism as a tool for economic development town's rich history is reflected in its ancient temples, seaside
and employment generation, mainly in remote and forts, and the captivating stories intertwined with the
backward areas, has been well known all over the world. Pandava princes. Exploring these historical sites offers a
It is the major service sector industry, worldwide in glimpse into the region's deep-rooted cultural and
terms of revenue as well as foreign exchange earnings. mythological significance. Museums like the Tilak Ali
Tourism plays a significant and active role in Museum, housed in Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak's
accomplishing the social objectives. Tourism is an ancestral home, and Shiva Shruthi, dedicated to the great
economic sector that has the prospectiveto produce at a Maratha King Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, serve as
higher rate and can generate a lot of employment windows into Maharashtra's illustrious past. Visiting these
opportunities at destinations.The researcher tries to museums is not just a learning experience but a journey
recognize a kind of tourism opportunity that will through time, showcasing the contributions and legacies of
emphasize attracting tourists‟ arriving from several these iconic figures. The region's peaceful atmosphere and
places of Ratnagiri district. A detailed SWOC analysis of unspoiled surroundings make it an ideal destination to
Ratnagiri district is done to highlight the challenges and unwind, recharge, and reconnect with the simplicity and
opportunities so it can arise as sustainable development. beauty of the natural world.
Ratnagiri can create a lot of opportunities to attract local
and international tourists around the World. Ratnagiri II. REGION STUDY
can offer a memory to cherish for a lifetime with
attractive charming beauty.Ratnagiri bears all the Ratnagiri district, nestled within the Konkan region of
requirements to be one of the most popular tourist Maharashtra, occupies a significant geographical expanse.
destinations in India. Ratnagiri has a lot of challenges Spanning between 15°36' north to 18°5' north latitude and
like changing the attitudes of locals and potential tourists 73°5' east to 74°36' east longitude, it encompasses an area of
making them favourable towards the niche avenue. 8208 square kilometers. Bordered by the Arabian Sea to the
Aggressive marketing is required in terms of flyers and west, Ratnagiri district shares its boundaries with Satara,
videos, if at all possible, on the internet and social media Sangli, and Kolhapur to the east, Sindhudurg to the south,
networking. The Government also involves supporting and Raigad to the north. The district boasts a diverse
sources with new friendly policies, and supplies for 24 landscape, with the Sahyadri mountain ranges gracing its
hours. Electricity, medical facilities, mobile and internet eastern part, extending approximately 180 kilometers, and a
connectivity better safety, and security infrastructure. coastline spanning around 167 kilometers. Within Ratnagiri
The hospitality Industry needs to invent value-for-money district, there are nine tehsils: Ratnagiri, Chiplun, Khed,
facilities. Sangmeshwar, Dapoli, Mandangad, Guhagar, Rajapur, and
Lanja. Each tehsil contributes to the district's cultural,
Keywords:- Opportunity, challenges, tourists, employment historical, and geographical richness, offering varied
generation. experiences and attractions for visitors and locals alike.

I. INTRODUCTION

Ratnagiri, nestled in the stunning Konkan region of

Maharashtra, boasts incredible natural beauty. The lush
green landscapes, pristine beaches, and historical sites make
it a fantastic destination for tourists seeking a blend of
scenic beauty, cultural richness, and relaxation. The region's
unique charm attracts visitors from all around the globe,
offering a perfect getaway with its serene beaches, ancient
forts, delicious cuisine, and warm hospitality. Ratnagiri is
indeed a treasure trove of natural wonders and historical
marvels. The combination of serene beaches, cascading
waterfalls, and the lush Sahyadri mountain ranges creates a
breathtaking panorama. The coastline, adorned with coconut
and cashew trees, presents a picturesque setting

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III. MAP OF REGION

IV. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY surveys by other government and non-government agencies.
Internet websites, journals, books various reports etc.
 To study the prospective tourist places in Ratnagiri
district VI. TOURIST DESTINATION IN RATNAGIRI
 To find major challenges in tourism development of DISTRICT
Ratnagiri district
Tourist places in Ratnagiri district based on the three
V. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY main categories: Religious, Historical, and Natural. Within
the Natural category, we'll further subdivide into four
The current research is based on secondary data. The subcategories: Waterfalls, Beaches, Hot Springs, and Hill
secondary data has been collected from Maharashtra Stations.
Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) reports and

Table 1: Tourist Destination in Ratnagiri District

Sr. No. Types of Tourism Place Name of the Tourist Places
1 Religious Anjarle, Dabhol, Asud, Adivare, Velneshwar, Kasheli, Hatis, Chinchkhari, Tikleshwar,
Kasba, Ambav, Burband, Gondhale, Turambav, Bharane
2 Historical Harnei, Panhalekazi, Govalkot-Govindgad, Sumargad, Gopalgad, Palshet, Bankot Jaigad,
Ambolgad, Purnagad, Malgund, Kasba, Mahipatgad, Rasalgad, Mahipatgad, Ambdav
3 Naturals
1) Hill Stations Machal, Ambet
2) Beaches Ganeshgule, Ladghar, Kolthare, Rohile , Tawsal, Madban, Ade, Karde, Undi, Malgund,
Ambolgad, , Ambolgad, Bhandarpule, Ambet, Warwade, Karambavane
3) Waterfalls Nivali, Adare, Chuna-kolvan, Sawat Sada, Tivare
4) Hot Springs Unhavare, Rajewadi, Aravali,

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Table 2: Present Tourist Population in Ratnagiri District
Tahsil Tourist During fairs Local Tourist (in lakh) Outside Tourist (in lakh) Total Tourist per
year (in lakhs)
Mandangad 0.16 0.1 1.03 1.29
Dapoli 0.25 0.4 2.66 3.31
Khed 0.395 0.05 0.26 0.71
Chiplun 3.91 0.71 2.65 7.27
Guhagar 0.205 0.59 2.55 3.35
Sangameshwar 3.15 0.48 8.89 12.53
Lanja 0 0.1 0.08 0.17
Ratnagiri 9.23 2.57 13.26 25.05
Rajapur 1.5 0.23 0.77 2.5
Total (in lakh) 18.8 5.23 32.14 56.17
Source: District Tourism Plan for Ratnagiri District

Lanja Tahsil has the less number of tourist visits while Sangameshwar and Ratnagiri tahsils have the highest number of
tourist visits.

Fig. 1: Tourist Population in Ratnagiri District

Table 3: Ratnagiri Tourism: A SWOT Analysis

Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threat

 Tourist attractions  Road infrastructure and public  The various tourist spots can be  Travelers may
serving varied transport connectivity are issues in promoted as circuits to provide a option for
interests like religion, the district complete tourism experience Sindhudurg and
beaches, creeks, forts,  Hotel accommodation/hospitality  Tourists traveling from Mumbai Goa which have
adventure places, for the tourists is not properly and Pune to Goa across through more attractive and
waterfalls, nature, developed. Ratnagiri. They need to be pursued developed beaches
heritage, monuments,  Lack of marketing of the tourism to stay at Ratnagiri.  Infrastructure
etc. sector. insufficient showcasing of  Existing beaches and creeks can be development may
 Proximity to Goa, the tourism products and experiences available for promotion of water- be slow up leading
regional tourism hub  Lack of facilities and wayside based tourism, adventure sports, to loss of
 Good rail and road facilities for tourists in the district and related entertainment facilities momentum
connectivity with  Low levels of campaign among  Eco-tourism can be promoted in  Local opposition
major cities of India stakeholders regarding the nature and forest ecosystems with and/or reticence to
 Famous as the development of tourism in the help of local communities promote tourism
Alphonso mango and Ratnagiri.  A large number of tourists visiting may discourage
cashew cultivating  compact role at present, played by Ganpatipule and Marleshwar could potential investors
region. local authority and communities in be inspiredto visit other and tour operators
 GI tag for Alphonso planning and providing tourism destinations in the district
mango. services, and controlling tourist
activities
Source: District Strategies Report Ratnagiri

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VII. DETERMINANT OF PROSPERITY OF A. Infrastructure:
TOURIST PLACES Infrastructure in Ratnagiri is indeed a crucial factor
influencing its attractiveness to tourists. Transportation
It's great to know that tourism is prospering in Challenges, Accommodation Facilities, Entertainment and
Ratnagiri district. The determinants mentioned are indeed Recreational Infrastructure, Modern Amenities, Visitor
crucial factors that bring the prosperity of tourist places. Information Centers, and Accessibility to Natural
Let's see each component: Attractions, are some key points highlighting the challenges
associated with infrastructure in the district.
A. Accessibility:
Proximity to transportation hubs, such as airports, B. Location:
railways, and highways, is essential. Good road conditions Ratnagiri is located in the Konkan region of
and public transportation options enhance accessibility. Maharashtra, which is relatively remote and not as well-
Availability of tourist information centers for guidance. connected to major cities as other popular tourist
destinations in India. This can make it more difficult for
B. Historical Importance: tourists to reach and can limit the number of visitors.
Historical monuments, landmarks, or archaeological sites
give to the cultural appeal. Interpretation and conservation C. Environmental concerns:
of historical sites add educational value. Festivals The presence of environmental concerns in Ratnagiri,
celebrating local history can attract visitors. especially in relation to the protection of natural and cultural
heritage sites, is a crucial factor that shapes the region's
C. Religious Significance: tourism landscape. Here are some considerations regarding
Spirit of temples, churches, mosques, or other religious environmental concerns Conservation of Natural Sites,
sites can attract believers and tourists. Festivals and Cultural Heritage Preservation, Limited Development in
religious events add quality and cultural richness. Protected Areas, Community Involvement.
D. Improvement of Natural Resources: D. Lack of proper marketing:
Beautiful landscapes, beaches, mountains, and other Due to the lack of robust marketing strategies, the
natural attractions are significant. Conservation activity to awareness of Ratnagiri as a tourist destination may be
maintain biodiversity and ecological balance. Chance to limited. The lack of effective marketing may impede efforts
grow for eco-friendly activities like trekking, bird watching, to attract both foreign and domestic tourists.
or water sports.
E. Existing tourism products are underutilized:
E. Availability of Various Tourism Sources: The underutilization of existing tourism products and
Diversification of attractions, including cultural, challenges related to visitor management in certain locations
adventure, and recreational activities. Promotion of local highlight the need for strategic planning and sustainable
arts, crafts, and traditional presentation. Collaboration with development in Ratnagiri's tourism sector.
local communities for reliable cultural experiences.
F. Limited Integration of Local Communities:
F. Availability of Basic Amenities: Opportunities lost for realizing the benefits of tourism
Sufficient accommodation alternatives, ranging from for local people. The exposure and training programme to
budget to luxury. Reliable infrastructure such as roads, local people on how to promote and manage tourism has
sanitation, and waste management. Healthcare services, been limited. Local biodiversity conservation committees
emergency facilities, and security provision for tourists. can be implanted and operationalized to govern specific
locations and support local stakes in tourism.
In addition to this factor, community participation and
sustainable development activity are crucial for long-term G. Mindset of people:
success. Local communities should benefit from tourism The mindset of the local population is an essential aspect
while ensuring the improvement of the area's unique identity in shaping the prosperity of tourism in Ratnagiri.
and environment. Collaboration between the government Transforming tourism into a cultural aspect requires
authority, local businesses, and community stakeholders is concerted efforts to change perceptions and encourage
essential to create a holistic and sustainable tourism active participation.
development.Regular assessments and adjustments based on
visitor feedback, changing trends, and environmental H. Other challenges:
considerations will bring to the ongoing development of The airport is not operational due to a short runway. The
tourist destinations in Ratnagiri district. road distance from most major cities of Maharashtra is too
long and the roads are quite narrow. This has reason large-
VIII. MAJOR CHALLENGES OF TOURISM IN scale migration of educated people out of Ratnagiri.
RATNAGIRI DISTRICT
IX. CONCLUSIONS
The undeveloped potential of Ratnagiri's natural capital
may be hindered by various factors. Here are some potential Addressing the challenges related to organization,
reasons why the district has not fully capitalized on its infrastructure, regional disparities, and employment while
natural resources for tourism: investing in the potential of domestic tourists can

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significantly help the sustainable development of tourism in based tourism initiatives to create a sense of ownership
Ratnagiri district. Strategic planning, community and pride.
involvement, and targeted development initiatives will be  Communication facilities must be inproce with easy
key to bringing the district's tourism potential. access. E.g. Telephone / Fox /
 In spite of the beautiful beaches and rich culture and  Internet etc. There is a need of communication guides in
culinary culture, the tourism sector in Ratnagiri is English and other foreign languages also good facility of
unorganized. This has hampered the district from signs and information leaflets.
tourism development due to lack of infrastructure,  Establish channels for collecting feedback from tourists
investment, less promotion , and lack of empowerment and local communities to continuously improve
of local agents to play a more important role in the management practices.
tourism sector. This is also due to the individual comfort
and low poverty level in the district. REFERENCES
 The western part of Ratnagiri district is more appropriate
for tourism development as compared to the eastern part. [1]. District Tourism Plan for Ratnagiri District (August
 There are around 50 potential tourist destinations in 2013)
Ratnagiri district at present. But because of several [2]. http://ratnagiri.nic.in
limitations, tourists isnot possible to visit all places. [3]. www.maharashtratourism.gov.in
[4]. District Strategies Report Ratnagiri
 The development of these tourist destinations will
[5]. District-wise skill gap study for the State of
provide employment opportunities to the local people.
Maharashtra
This will help to bring down migration to other cities
(Mumbai & and Pune). This is because Ratnagiri district
has the highest rate of migration to metropolitan cities in
the last ten years.
 Domestic tourists can play an important role in the
development of tourism in Ratnagiri district.
 Overall, it's important to note that the development of a
tourist destination is influenced by a complex set of
factors and may take time and effort to achieve.
However, with the right investment and planning,
Ratnagiri has the potential to become a popular tourist
destination in India.

Now being said, Ratnagiri doesn’t need to be like Goa

to become a popular tourist destination. It needs to carefully
cultivate its own identity. It need not have crowded beaches,
pubs, casinos, and free-flowing beer to become a successful
tourist place and when people will want to run away from
busy city life and get lost in calmness and serenity, they will
certainly be in Ratnagiri!

X. RECOMMENDATIONS

 The infrastructure in Ratnagiri, including transportation,

accommodation, and entertainment, may not be as highly
developed as in other popular tourist destinations. This
can make it less appealing to tourists who are looking for
modern amenities and convenience. So needs to provide
basic infrastructure facilities.
 The location of Ratnagiri in the Konkan region of
Maharashtra indeed plays a significant role in shaping
the tourism dynamics of the area. Here are some
considerations related to its location.
 Determine and modify tourism products to cater to
different interests, ensuring a well-rounded experience
for visitors.
 Implement targeted marketing campaigns to raise
awareness about underutilized locations and attractions.
 Involve local communities in promoting and showcasing
the unique aspects of their areas. Encourage community-

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