Corona
Corona
Corona
Using the digits 1 up to 9, two numbers must be made. The product of these two
numbers should be as large as possible. All digits must be used exactly once.
9 96 964 9642 9642
-> -> -> ->
8 87 875 8753 87531
Conclusion: the requested two numbers are 9642 and 87531 (and the product of
these two numbers is 843973902).
Important terms due to Corona
(i) Critical disruptive voltage - It is the minimum phase-neutral voltage at
which corona occurs.
• Consider two conductors of radii r cm and spaced d cm apart.
• If V is the phase-neutral potential, then potential gradient at the
conductor surface is given by:
g =[V/ r loge (d/r)] volts / cm
•Correction must also be made for the surface condition of the conductor.
• This is accounted for by multiplying the above expression by irregularity factor
mo.
∴ Critical disruptive voltage, Vc = mo go δ r loge d/r …. kV/phase
where
mo = 1 for polished conductors (it is called as roughness factor )
= 0·92 to 0·98 for dirty conductors
= 0·8 to 0·87 for stranded conductors
(ii) Visual critical voltage
•It is the minimum phase-neutral voltage at which corona
glow appears all along the line conductors.
•It has been seen that in case of parallel conductors, the
corona glow does not begin at the disruptive voltage Vc but
at a higher voltage Vv , called visual critical voltage.
•The phase-neutral effective value of visual critical voltage
is given by the following empirical formula :
Disadvantages
•Corona is accompanied by a loss of energy. This affects the
transmission efficiency of the line.
•Ozone is produced by corona and may cause corrosion of the
conductor due to chemical action.
•The current drawn by the line due to corona is non-sinusoidal and
hence non-sinusoidal Voltage drop occurs in the line. This may
cause inductive interference with neighboring Communication
lines.
Reading
Discussion
Drawing mind map
Corona is a luminous
discharge due to ionization
of the air surrounding an electrode,
caused by a voltage gradient
exceeding a certain critical value.
• AUDIBLE NOISE
• RADIO INTERFERENCE
ADVANAGES
REDUCES SURGES
INCREASES VIRTUAL DIAMETER
CRITICAL DISRUPTIVE VOLTAGE DISADVANTAGES
Corona appears CORROSION
LOSSES OF POWER
Summarize
SUMMARY:
1. CORONA EFFECT:
The phenomenon of violet glow, hissing noise and
production of ozone gas in an overhead transmission line is known
as corona.
2. FACTORS AFFECTING CORONA:
a. atmosphere
b. conductor size
c. spacing between conductors
d. line voltage
1.Electric stress is expressed in terms of
a.Ohms / cm.
b.kV / cm.
b.Farad / cm.
c.Henry / cm.